CN111736047B - Experimental device and experimental method based on electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method based on electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111736047B CN111736047B CN202010675581.4A CN202010675581A CN111736047B CN 111736047 B CN111736047 B CN 111736047B CN 202010675581 A CN202010675581 A CN 202010675581A CN 111736047 B CN111736047 B CN 111736047B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/24—Arrangements for measuring quantities of charge
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device based on an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system, which comprises the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system and the experimental device, wherein the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system consists of a transient electrostatic field intensity sensor, a high-frequency signal processor, an amplifier and a data acquisition unit; meanwhile, the electrostatic discharge charge transfer quantity can be measured, and the electrostatic discharge energy can be quantitatively calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energetic materials, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method based on an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system.
Background
Energetic materials: is a metastable substance with high energy density, and can rapidly release a large amount of energy to realize the damage to surrounding objects after being excited by a specific stimulation mode.
Amount of electrostatic charge: the physical quantity for measuring the charge is an important parameter for representing the difficulty of the material rubbing with other objects and accumulating static electricity.
Electrostatic discharge: electrostatic discharge refers to the transfer of charge caused by objects having different electrostatic potentials coming into close proximity or direct contact with each other. The electrostatic discharge generally has the characteristics of strong electric field, instantaneous heavy current, high potential, broadband electromagnetic interference and the like, and the discharge energy can cause combustion and explosion of explosives and the like.
Electrostatic discharge is one of the major factors that trigger the explosion of energetic materials. In 1999 to 2009, a certain military group company accounts for 18.2% of the total number of accidents from an accident 12 caused by static electricity, and static electricity discharge becomes the third largest accident trigger factor that relays factors such as friction and impact. Therefore, the development of the research on the electrostatic discharge monitoring technology in the energetic material production process has become an urgent need of the industry.
The electrostatic discharge quantitative measurement technology is an effective means for preventing electrostatic disasters of energetic material powder, wherein the capture of a discharge signal, and the quantitative relation between a measurement signal and discharge energy are two major technical problems which need to be solved urgently. The acquisition research of the discharge signal is more, for example, the research of a detection system and an identification method of the corona discharge radiation signal is carried out on a peripheral antenna by the adoption of the tension antenna and the like; liu Shang Hei adopts modes of a biconical antenna, a log periodic antenna, a horn antenna and the like, and researches on remote detection technology of corona discharge radiation signals are developed; the fan high brightness and the like adopt spiral antennas, and the research of a narrow-band test system for remote corona discharge detection is developed; the measurement and research of typical electrostatic discharge electromagnetic radiation field in powder industry are developed by utilizing an electromagnetic radiation field receiving antenna and a signal modulation circuit by conspiracy and the like, and the frequency spectrum distribution rule of the discharge electromagnetic field is obtained. The application of the above method of measuring a discharge electromagnetic radiation signal by using an antenna in an energetic material environment has some technical obstacles, such as: the measuring system is influenced by factors such as position, direction and the like, and is not easy to realize electrical explosion prevention; the measuring mode is easily interfered by the working field environment and other equipment, and the like.
At present, the measurement of electromagnetic radiation signals is mainly adopted for electrostatic discharge monitoring, but the measurement of electromagnetic radiation has the following defects:
1. due to the influence of multiple factors such as the coupling size of the electromagnetic radiation field sensor, the position and the direction of the sensor and the like, the quantitative relation between a measurement signal and discharge energy is difficult to obtain;
2. the measurement mode is easily interfered by the operation field environment and other equipment, explosion prevention is not easy to realize, and the method is not suitable for measuring the electrostatic discharge signals of the energetic materials.
Based on the above, the invention designs the experimental device and the experimental method based on the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system, which are not affected by the position and the direction of the field intensity sensor, are easy to realize explosion prevention and have better safety; meanwhile, the electrostatic discharge charge transfer quantity can be measured, and the electrostatic discharge energy can be quantitatively calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device based on an electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system and an experimental method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an experimental device based on an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system comprises the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system and the experimental device,
the electrostatic discharge transient field strength measuring system consists of a transient electrostatic field strength sensor, a high-frequency signal processor, an amplifier and a data acquisition unit, wherein the transient electrostatic field strength sensor is connected with the input end of the amplifier through a signal wire, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the data acquisition unit, the high-frequency signal processor is connected between the transient electrostatic field strength sensor and the amplifier,
the experimental device comprises an experimental device for calibrating the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system and an electrostatic discharge field intensity measuring experimental device for measuring electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights by utilizing the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system.
Preferably, the experimental apparatus is composed of four parts, namely a parallel plate part, an electrostatic field strength measuring part, a discharging part and an electrostatic discharge transient field strength measuring system, wherein the parallel plate part comprises a high-voltage power supply, a capacitor, a high-voltage plate and a grounding plate, the high-voltage plate and the grounding plate are arranged in parallel, the high-voltage power supply is electrically connected with the high-voltage plate through the capacitor, the electrostatic field strength measuring part comprises an electrostatic field strength meter, the grounding plate is provided with a hole, the size of the grounding plate is the same as that of an electrostatic field strength meter induction component, the electrostatic field strength meter is arranged on the outer side of the grounding plate, the discharging part comprises a discharging ball and a grounding system connected with the discharging ball, and the transient electrostatic field strength sensor is arranged on the surface of the grounding plate.
Preferably, the type of the electrostatic field strength meter is JF101.
Preferably, in the parallel pole plate part, the high-voltage pole plate and the grounding pole plate are made of 304# stainless steel, the diameter of the high-voltage pole plate and the grounding pole plate is 400mm, and the distance between the high-voltage pole plate and the grounding pole plate is 100mm.
Preferably, the electrostatic discharge field strength measurement experimental device comprises a powder conveying electrification and discharge part, an electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system and an auxiliary detection instrument,
the powder conveying charging and discharging part comprises a speed-adjustable charging barrel, an angle-adjustable sliding chute, a charging barrel and a discharging ball, wherein the charging barrel is of a double-layer structure consisting of an inner barrel and an outer barrel, the outer barrel is grounded, the inner barrel and the outer barrel are separated by an insulating rod, and the resistance is greater than 10 12 Omega, the discharge ball is grounded through a wire,
the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system consists of a ring-shaped electrostatic field intensity sensor, a high-frequency signal processor, an amplifier and a data acquisition unit,
the auxiliary detection instrument comprises an induced current integral electrostatic charge tester and an electrostatic potentiometer, the induced current integral electrostatic charge tester is used for measuring the charge quantity of the powder pile, and the electrostatic potentiometer is used for measuring the electrostatic potential on the surface of the powder pile.
Preferably, the charging barrel, the chute, the charging barrel and the discharging ball are all made of stainless steel materials, and the volume of the charging barrel is 0.3m 3 The length of the sliding groove is 1500mm, the diameter of the inner barrel is 300mm, the height of the inner barrel is 500mm, the diameter of the outer barrel is 500mm, the height of the outer barrel is 600mm, and the diameter of the discharge ball is 20mm.
Preferably, the annular electrostatic field intensity sensor is made of copper material, has the width of 30mm and the length of 600mm, is arranged at the position 100mm away from the top edge of the charging barrel, and has the insulation resistance of 10 with the inner barrel 3 Omega; the high-frequency signal processor is composed of a high-frequency signal conversion part; the high-frequency signal processor is connected with an amplifier and a data acquisition unit in the computer.
Preferably, the method also comprises an experimental method of an experimental device based on the electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system, wherein the experimental method comprises a calibration experimental method and an electrostatic discharge experimental method with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights.
Preferably, the calibration experiment method is implemented by the following steps:
the experimental device is arranged in an artificial environment laboratory and is divided into a non-discharge experiment and a discharge experiment,
non-discharge experimental method: opening the electrostatic field intensity meter and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, closing the high-voltage power supply, loading no electrostatic voltage on the high-voltage polar plate, and respectively observing measurement data before and after discharge in the electrostatic field intensity meter and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system when the discharge ball is close to the polar plate;
discharge test method: starting an electrostatic field intensity meter and an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, starting a high-voltage power supply, boosting the high-voltage power supply to 1KV, closing the power supply after stabilization, enabling a discharge ball to contact a high-voltage polar plate to generate electrostatic discharge, respectively observing measurement data before and after the discharge in the electrostatic field intensity meter and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, boosting the high-voltage power supply to 2kV, 3kV, 4kV, 5kV, 6kV, 7kV, 8kV, 9kV and 10kV, and repeating the discharge experiment process.
Preferably, the electrostatic discharge experimental method with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights specifically comprises the following steps:
installing electrostatic discharge field intensity measuring experimental devices for electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights in a manual environment laboratory, ensuring that the temperature is between 18 and 22 ℃, the humidity is 30 to 40 percent RH, wiping and cleaning the testing devices before the experiment, and keeping the testing devices dry;
selecting polyvinyl chloride powder as a research object, wherein the diameter of the powder is 3-5 mm, and the volume resistivity is 10 13 Omega, m, drying the sample in a drying oven at 50 ℃ for 5h before the experiment, and then storing the sample in an artificial environment laboratory for 24h and then carrying out the experiment;
adding polyethylene powder into a feeding cylinder above a chute, opening a flow valve of the feeding cylinder to enable the powder to uniformly flow into the chute, feeding the powder into a feeding cylinder to form accumulation after friction electrification, stopping feeding when the accumulation heights h of the powder are respectively 100mm, 200mm and 300mm, measuring the charge quantity Q1 of a powder pile by using an induced current integral electrostatic charge quantity tester, and measuring the electrostatic potential U1 of the surface of the powder pile by using an electrostatic potentiometer; and then, the discharge ball is close to the powder pile to generate discharge, meanwhile, a discharge signal S is measured by using an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, finally, the discharge ball is moved out of the charging barrel, and the discharged powder pile charge quantity Q2 is measured again by using an induced current integral electrostatic charge quantity tester. The experiment was repeated 10 times as described above, due to the different charge transfer at the same stack height.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system can effectively measure the electrostatic discharge of the mu J level, and the method is not influenced by the position and the direction of the field intensity sensor, is easy to realize explosion prevention and has better safety; meanwhile, the electrostatic discharge charge transfer quantity can be measured, and the electrostatic discharge energy can be quantitatively calculated. And performing data fitting on the discharge measurement signal and the discharge energy to obtain a relational expression of different powder pile heights, wherein the correlation coefficient of the fitting result is greater than 0.96, and the risk of combustion and explosion accidents caused by static electricity can be evaluated by utilizing the relational expression and combining the minimum ignition energy of the experimental medicament.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the variation of the electrostatic field strength and the discharge measurement signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring electrostatic discharge field strength according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the transient electrostatic field intensity sensor and the cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a discharge bulb according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the charge transfer amount and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal when the height of the powder pile is 100mm according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the charge transfer amount and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal when the height of the powder pile is 200 mm;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the charge transfer amount and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal when the powder pile height is 300 mm;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the charge transfer amount and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal for different powder pile heights according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between discharge measurement signals and discharge energy when the height of the powder pile is 100 mm;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between discharge measurement signals and discharge energy when the height of the powder pile is 200 mm;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between discharge measurement signals and discharge energy when the powder pile height is 300 mm.
In the drawings, the reference numbers indicate the following list of parts:
1. a transient electrostatic field intensity sensor; 2. a high frequency signal processor; 3. an amplifier; 4. a data acquisition unit; 5. a high voltage power supply; 6. a capacitor; 7. a high voltage pole plate; 8. a ground plate; 9. an electrostatic field strength meter; 10. a discharge ball; 11. a charging barrel; 12. a chute; 13. a charging barrel; 131. an outer cylinder; 132. an inner barrel; 14. an electrostatic potentiometer; 15. an induced current integral electrostatic charge tester; 16. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-13, the present invention provides a technical solution: an experimental device based on an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system comprises the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system and the experimental device,
the generation time of electrostatic discharge is in the order of mus, the generation of discharge can cause the quantity of charge of the propellant powder to be instantly reduced, according to the Gaussian theorem, the transient change of electrostatic field strength can be caused, and the generation of discharge and the magnitude of discharge field strength can be monitored by capturing the transient field strength signal and carrying out signal processing.
In order to capture a field intensity change signal with a mu s magnitude, an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system is designed, and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system is composed of a transient electrostatic field intensity sensor 1, a high-frequency signal processor 2, an amplifier 3 and a data acquisition unit 4, wherein the transient electrostatic field intensity sensor 1 is connected with the input end of the amplifier 3 through a signal line, the output end of the amplifier 3 is connected with the data acquisition unit 4, and the high-frequency signal processor 2 is connected between the transient electrostatic field intensity sensor 1 and the amplifier 3. The transient electrostatic field intensity sensor 1 is passive and has no moving part, so that the safety requirement of an environment for emitting powder dust in the charging barrel 13 is met; the high-frequency signal processor 2 is composed of inductive reactance elements, completes functions of microsecond transient electrostatic field intensity signal acquisition and processing, high-frequency interference filtering and the like, and converts the transient electrostatic field intensity into recording voltage; the amplifier 3 completes the signal amplification function, and the data acquisition unit 4 can realize long-time and continuous monitoring.
The experimental device further comprises an experimental device, the experimental device is composed of four parts, namely a parallel plate part, an electrostatic field strength measuring part, a discharging part and an electrostatic discharge transient field strength measuring system, the parallel plate part comprises a high-voltage power supply 5, a capacitor 6, a high-voltage plate 7 and a grounding plate 8, the high-voltage plate 7 and the grounding plate 8 are arranged in parallel, the high-voltage power supply 5 is electrically connected with the high-voltage plate 7 through the capacitor 6, the electrostatic field strength measuring part comprises an electrostatic field strength meter 9, the grounding plate 8 is provided with a hole, the size of the grounding plate is the same as that of an induction component of the electrostatic field strength meter 9, the discharging part comprises a discharging ball 10 and a grounding system connected with the discharging ball 10, and the transient electrostatic field strength sensor 1 is installed on the surface of the grounding plate 8.
The electrostatic field intensity measuring part is characterized in that an electrostatic field intensity meter 9 is JF101 and is used as a comparison measuring system, the comparison measuring system is calibrated before use and is installed on the outer side of the grounding polar plate 8, and the induction component is located at the opening and used for measuring the electrostatic field intensity before and after discharge; in the parallel polar plate part, the high-voltage polar plate 7 and the grounding polar plate 8 are made of 304# stainless steel, the diameter is 400mm, and the distance between the high-voltage polar plate and the grounding polar plate is 100mm.
The experimental method comprises a calibration experimental method, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
the experimental device is arranged in an artificial environment laboratory and is divided into a non-discharge experiment and a discharge experiment,
non-discharge test method: turning on the electrostatic field intensity meter 9 and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, turning off the high-voltage power supply 5, loading no electrostatic voltage on the high-voltage polar plate 7, and respectively observing the measurement data before and after discharge in the electrostatic field intensity meter 9 and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system when the discharge ball 10 is close to the polar plate;
discharge test method: starting the electrostatic field intensity meter 9 and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, starting the high-voltage power supply 5, boosting the voltage of the high-voltage power supply 5 to 1KV, closing the power supply after stabilization, enabling the discharge ball 10 to contact the high-voltage polar plate 7 to generate electrostatic discharge, respectively observing measurement data read before and after the discharge in the electrostatic field intensity meter 9 and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, then boosting the voltage of the high-voltage power supply 5 to 2kV, 3kV, 4kV, 5kV, 6kV, 7kV, 8kV, 9kV and 10kV, and repeating the discharge experiment process.
The results obtained for the calibration experiment method are as follows:
after the non-discharge experiment, the electrostatic field intensity meter 9 and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system do not observe measurement signals, because no voltage is loaded on the high-voltage polar plate 7, and the electrostatic field intensity does not exist around the polar plate, which indicates that no electrostatic discharge phenomenon exists in the non-discharge experiment.
After the discharge experiment, the data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 calibration data of electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system
The electrostatic field intensity before and after discharge and the discharge signal data were measured experimentally, and the corresponding relationship between the discharge signal and the variation value of the electrostatic field intensity before and after discharge is shown in fig. 3.
Fitting the curve to obtain a relation between the electrostatic discharge measurement signal and the electrostatic field strength:
E＝-4419.7+176603S R 2 ＝0.972 (1)
wherein E is the electrostatic discharge field strength and the unit is V/m; s is a discharge measurement signal in V. Through the formula (1), the field intensity value of electrostatic discharge can be converted according to the measured discharge signal, thereby realizing the purpose of measuring the transient field intensity of electrostatic discharge, R 2 The proportion of the regression sum of squares to the total error sum of squares reflects the fitting degree of the regression line,
R 2 the value range is [0,1 ]]Between R 2 The closer to 1, the better the regression equation fits; r is 2 The closer to 0, the worse the regression equation fit is illustrated.
The invention establishes an experimental device by taking the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system as a core, develops electrostatic discharge measurement research of different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights, and calculates discharge energy.
The electrostatic discharge field intensity measurement experiment device for electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights comprises a powder conveying electrification part, a discharge part, an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system and an auxiliary detection instrument, wherein the powder conveying electrification part and the discharge part comprise a speed-adjustable charging barrel 11, an angle-adjustable sliding groove 12, a charging barrel 13 and a discharge ball 10, the charging barrel 11 is made of stainless steel, and the volume of the charging barrel 11 is 0.3m 3 The blanking speed can be adjusted through a flow valve arranged in the device; the length of the angle-adjustable sliding chute 12 is 1500mm, and the sliding angle of the angle-adjustable sliding chute is adjustable through an external adjusting mechanism; the charging barrel 13 is a double-layer structure consisting of an inner barrel 132 and an outer barrel 131, the diameter of the inner barrel 132 is 300mm, the height of the inner barrel is 500mm, the diameter of the outer barrel 131 is 500mm, the height of the outer barrel 131 is 600mm, the outer barrel 131 is grounded, the inner barrel 132 and the outer barrel 131 are separated by an insulating rod, the resistance is greater than 10 12 Omega; the diameter of the discharge ball 10 is 20mm, and the height of the discharge ball and the powder pile in the charging barrel 13 can be controlled by grounding through a lead. The static discharge transient field intensity measuring system consists of an annular static field intensity sensor, a high-frequency signal processor 2, an amplifier 3 and a data acquisition unit 4, wherein the annular static field intensity sensor is made of a copper material, is 30mm wide and 600mm long, is arranged at a position 100mm away from the top edge of the charging barrel 13, and has an insulation resistance of 10 with the inner barrel 132 3 Omega; a high-frequency signal processor 2 composed of a high-frequency signal conversion section; the high-frequency signal processor 2 is connected to an amplifier 3 and a data acquisition unit 4 in the computer 16. The auxiliary detecting instrument includes an induced current integral electrostatic charge amount tester 15, an electrostatic potentiometer 14, and the like. The electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heightsThe experimental setup for measuring electric field strength is shown in fig. 4. The cylinder 13 is a ring-shaped electrostatic field intensity sensor and the discharge ball 10 as shown in fig. 5 to 6.
The experimental method comprises electrostatic discharge experimental methods with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental result, the electrostatic discharge field intensity measuring experimental device for electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights is arranged in an artificial environment laboratory, the temperature is ensured to be between 18 ℃ and 22 ℃, the humidity is 30-40 percent RH, and the testing device is wiped, cleaned and kept dry before the experiment;
s2: for safety, the experiment selects polyvinyl chloride powder as a research object, the diameter of the powder is 3-5 mm, and the volume resistivity is 10 13 Omega, m. In order to ensure that the electrification of the powder material is not influenced by the moisture of the powder, the sample is dried for 5 hours in a drying box at 50 ℃ before the experiment, and then is stored in an artificial environment laboratory for 24 hours before the experiment;
s3: adding polyethylene powder into a feeding cylinder 11 above a chute 12, opening a flow valve of the feeding cylinder 11 to enable the powder to uniformly flow into the chute 12, entering a charging cylinder 13 after frictional electrification to form accumulation, stopping feeding when the accumulation heights h of the powder are respectively 100mm, 200mm and 300mm, measuring the charge quantity Q1 of a powder pile by using an induced current integral electrostatic charge quantity tester 15, and measuring the electrostatic potential U1 of the surface of the powder pile by using an electrostatic potentiometer 14; then the discharging ball 10 is close to the powder pile to generate discharging, meanwhile, a static discharging transient field intensity measuring system is used for measuring a discharging signal S, finally, the discharging ball 10 is moved out of the charging barrel 13, and the induced current integral static charge quantity tester 15 is used for measuring the discharged powder pile charge quantity Q2 again. The experiment was repeated 10 times as described above, due to the different charge transfer at the same stack height.
The results obtained for the electrostatic discharge test methods for different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights are as follows:
(1) Relationship between charge transfer amount and discharge measurement signal
The powder was injected into the cylinder 13 through the chute 12, and the discharge measurement signal and the charge transfer amount data were shown in tables 2 to 4, respectively, after 10 repetitions at powder pile heights of 100mm, 200mm and 300 mm. The discharge measurement signal S is related to the amount of charge transfer Δ Q in fig. 7 to 10.
TABLE 2 measurement data of the height discharge of 100mm powder pile
TABLE 3 high discharge measurement data for 200mm powder pile
TABLE 4 measurement data of high discharge of 300mm powder pile
Regression fitting is carried out on the discharge charge transfer amount and the measurement signal value in the tables 2 to 4, and a relational expression of the discharge charge transfer amount delta Q and the discharge measurement signal S at different powder pile heights can be obtained:
when h =100mm, delta Q = -3.038+0.311S R 2 ＝0.9841 (2)
When h =200mm, delta Q = -2.172+0.044S R 2 ＝0.9897 (3)
When h =300mm, delta Q = -10.558+0.053S R 2 ＝0.9722 (4)
Wherein, the delta Q is the discharge charge transfer quantity and has the unit of nC; s is the discharge measurement signal in mV. As can be seen from fig. 7 to 9 and equations (2) to (4), the discharge measurement signal S is linearly proportional to the discharge charge transfer amount Δ Q, i.e., the discharge measurement signal is larger as the charge transfer amount is larger, and vice versa. If the height of the powder pile is 100mm, the discharge charge transfer amount is between 2.1nC and 9.2nC, and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal is correspondingly increased from 19mV to 40mV; when the height of the powder pile is 200mm, the discharge charge transfer amount is between 2.0nC and 13.0nC, and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal is increased from 9.5mV to 340mV; when the height of the powder pile is 300mm, the discharge charge transfer amount is between 2.2nC and 34.7nC, and the electrostatic discharge measurement signal is between 220mV and 800mV. This is because the electrostatic discharge measurement signal is a signal of a change in the discharge field intensity, and the discharge field intensity E is proportional to the charge amount Q according to the gaussian theorem, and therefore the discharge measurement signal S is proportional to the charge transfer amount (Δ Q) of the discharge.
The amount of charge transfer at different stack heights was compared to the electrostatic discharge measurement signal, see fig. 10.
As can be seen from fig. 10: as the powder pile height increases, the amount of charge transfer, i.e., the amount of discharge, increases. The maximum discharge amount was 9.2nC for a powder pile height of 100mm, 13nC for a powder pile height of 200mm, and 34.7nC for a powder pile height of 300mm, because the discharge amount was greater as the amount of powder increased, and the amount of powder increased. Therefore, in the actual process of producing the propellant, the risk of discharge increases as the powder in the cylinder 13 increases.
Under the condition of the same discharge charge transfer quantity, the discharge measurement value is increased along with the increase of the powder pile height. When the height of the powder pile is 100mm and the charge transfer amount is 7.3nC, the discharge measurement data is 34mV; when the height of the powder pile is 200mm and the charge transfer amount is 7.3nC, the discharge measurement data is 220mV; the height of the powder pile is 300mm, and the discharge measurement data is 310mV when the charge transfer amount is 7.3 nC. This is because the electric field strength of the stationary point charge excitation is:
it is known that the magnitude of the electric field intensity E is inversely proportional to the distance r between the field intensity sensor and the powder pile surface. Along with the increase of the height of the powder pile, the distance between the electric field intensity sensor and the surface of the powder pile is reduced, the electric field intensity is increased, and the corresponding discharge field intensity measurement signal S is increased.
(2) Discharge energy to discharge measurement signal relationship
The powder stacking electricity is assumed to be equivalent capacitance discharge, and the discharge energy calculation method comprises the following steps: the voltage value adopts the surface voltage U1 of the powder pile before discharging, the electric charge quantity adopts the discharge charge transfer quantity delta Q, and the formula is adopted
The energy calculations performed in tables 2-4 are shown in Table 5, and the discharge energy versus discharge measurement signal is shown in FIGS. 11-13.
TABLE 5 discharge measurement signal and discharge energy corresponding table
Regression fitting is performed on the measurement signal and the discharge energy in the table 5, and a relational expression of the discharge measurement signal S and the discharge energy W at different powder pile heights can be obtained:
when h =100mm, W = -7.265+0.605S R2= -0.9886 (7)
When h =200mm, W = -9.583+0.159S R2= -0.9664 (8)
When h =300mm, W = -244.05-0.00387S +2.88 × 10 -6 S 2 R2＝0.9852 (9)
According to the characteristics of the transient change of the electrostatic field strength during electrostatic discharge, the electrostatic discharge experimental method with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights is established, the electrostatic discharge field strength measurement experimental device for electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights is calibrated, and meanwhile, the relation research of a discharge signal, the discharge charge transfer amount and the electrostatic discharge energy is developed.
Has the following characteristics:
(1) When the powder pile height is 100mm, the measured minimum electrostatic discharge energy is 3.1 muJ, which shows that the system can effectively measure the electrostatic discharge of muJ level.
(2) As the discharge energy increases, the discharge measurement signal also increases. For example, when the powder pile height is 200mm, the discharge energy is changed from 5.9 muJ to 46.2 muJ, and the discharge measurement value is correspondingly increased from 95mV to 340mV. This is because the discharge energy depends on two variables, namely the surface potential of the powder pile before discharge and the discharge charge transfer amount, and as mentioned above, the discharge measurement signal is proportional to the discharge charge transfer amount and also proportional to the discharge energy. But the influence degrees of the two variables on the result are different, the surface potential change of the powder pile is between 7.9kV and 13.5kV during different discharges, the change range is 71 percent, and the change range is smaller; but the discharge charge transfer amount is between 2.2nC and 34.7nC, and the variation range is 1480%; the difference in discharge energy depends mainly on the difference in the amount of charge transfer.
(3) And performing data fitting on the discharge measurement signal and the discharge energy to obtain a relational expression of different powder pile heights, wherein the correlation coefficient of the fitting result is greater than 0.96. By using the relation and combining the minimum ignition energy of the experimental medicament, the risk of combustion and explosion accidents caused by static electricity can be evaluated.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. Experimental device based on electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system, its characterized in that: comprises an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system and an experimental device,
the electrostatic discharge transient field strength measuring system consists of a transient electrostatic field strength sensor, a high-frequency signal processor, an amplifier and a data acquisition unit, wherein the transient electrostatic field strength sensor is connected with the input end of the amplifier through a signal wire, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the data acquisition unit, the high-frequency signal processor is connected between the transient electrostatic field strength sensor and the amplifier,
the experimental device comprises an experimental device for calibrating the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system and an electrostatic discharge field intensity measuring experimental device for measuring electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights by using the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system;
the experimental method of the experimental device comprises a calibration experimental method and electrostatic discharge experimental methods with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights;
the calibration experiment method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the experimental device is arranged in an artificial environment laboratory and is divided into a non-discharge experiment and a discharge experiment,
non-discharge test method: opening the electrostatic field intensity meter and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, closing the high-voltage power supply, loading no electrostatic voltage on the high-voltage polar plate, and respectively observing measurement data before and after discharge in the electrostatic field intensity meter and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system when the discharge ball is close to the polar plate;
discharge test method: starting an electrostatic field intensity meter and an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, starting a high-voltage power supply, boosting the high-voltage power supply to 1KV, closing the power supply after stabilization, enabling a discharge ball to contact a high-voltage polar plate to generate electrostatic discharge, respectively observing measurement data before and after the discharge in the electrostatic field intensity meter and the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system, boosting the high-voltage power supply to 2kV, 3kV, 4kV, 5kV, 6kV, 7kV, 8kV, 9kV and 10kV, and repeating the discharge experiment process.
2. The experimental device based on the electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the experimental device comprises four parts, namely a parallel pole plate part, an electrostatic field strength measuring part, a discharging part and an electrostatic discharge transient field strength measuring system, wherein the parallel pole plate part comprises a high-voltage power supply, a capacitor, a high-voltage pole plate and a grounding pole plate, the high-voltage pole plate and the grounding pole plate are arranged in parallel, the high-voltage power supply is electrically connected with the high-voltage pole plate through the capacitor, the electrostatic field strength measuring part comprises an electrostatic field strength meter, the grounding pole plate is provided with a hole, the size of the grounding pole plate is the same as that of an induction component of the electrostatic field strength meter, the electrostatic field strength meter is arranged on the outer side of the grounding pole plate, the discharging part comprises a discharging ball and a grounding system connected with the discharging ball, and the transient electrostatic field strength sensor is arranged on the surface of the grounding pole plate.
3. The experimental device based on the electrostatic discharge transient field strength measuring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the type of the electrostatic field strength meter is JF101.
4. The experimental device of claim 2, wherein: in the parallel polar plate part, the high-voltage polar plate and the grounding polar plate are made of 304# stainless steel, the diameter of the high-voltage polar plate and the grounding polar plate is 400mm, and the distance between the high-voltage polar plate and the grounding polar plate is 100mm.
5. The experimental device based on the electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the electrostatic discharge field intensity measurement experimental device comprises a powder conveying electrification and discharge part, an electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measurement system and an auxiliary detection instrument,
the powder conveying charging and discharging part comprises a speed-adjustable charging barrel, an angle-adjustable sliding chute, a charging barrel and a discharging ball, wherein the charging barrel is of a double-layer structure consisting of an inner barrel and an outer barrel, the outer barrel is grounded, the inner barrel and the outer barrel are separated by an insulating rod, and the resistance is greater than 10 12 Omega, the discharge ball is grounded through a lead,
the electrostatic discharge transient field intensity measuring system consists of a ring-shaped electrostatic field intensity sensor, a high-frequency signal processor, an amplifier and a data acquisition unit,
the auxiliary detection instrument comprises an induced current integral electrostatic charge tester and an electrostatic potentiometer, the induced current integral electrostatic charge tester is used for measuring the charge quantity of the powder pile, and the electrostatic potentiometer is used for measuring the electrostatic potential on the surface of the powder pile.
6. The experimental device based on electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system according to claim 5, wherein: the charging barrel, the sliding groove, the charging barrel and the discharging ball are all made of stainless steel materials, and the volume of the charging barrel is 0.3m 3 The length of the sliding groove is 1500mm, the diameter of the inner barrel is 300mm, the height of the inner barrel is 500mm, the diameter of the outer barrel is 500mm, the height of the outer barrel is 600mm, and the diameter of the discharge ball is 20mm.
7. The experimental device of claim 5, wherein: the annular electrostatic field intensity sensor is made of copper material, has a width of 30mm and a length of 600mm, is arranged at a position 100mm away from the top edge of the charging barrel, and has an insulation resistance of 10 with the inner barrel 3 Omega; the high-frequency signal processor is composed of a high-frequency signal conversion part; the high-frequency signal processor is connected with an amplifier and a data acquisition unit in the computer.
8. The experimental device based on electrostatic discharge transient field strength measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the electrostatic discharge experiment method with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
installing an electrostatic discharge field intensity measurement experiment device for electrostatic discharge with different discharge charge transfer amounts and different powder pile heights in an artificial environment laboratory, ensuring that the temperature is between 18 and 22 ℃, the humidity is 30 to 40 percent RH, wiping, cleaning and keeping dry the test device before the experiment;
selecting polyvinyl chloride powder as a research object, wherein the diameter of the powder is 3-5 mm, and the volume resistivity is 10 13 Omega, m, drying the sample in a drying oven at 50 ℃ for 5h before the experiment, and then storing the sample in an artificial environment laboratory for 24h and then carrying out the experiment;
adding polyethylene powder into a feeding cylinder above a chute, opening a flow valve of the feeding cylinder to enable the powder to uniformly flow into the chute, feeding the powder into a feeding cylinder to form accumulation after friction electrification, stopping feeding when the accumulation heights h of the powder are respectively 100mm, 200mm and 300mm, measuring the charge quantity Q1 of a powder pile by using an induced current integral electrostatic charge quantity tester, and measuring the electrostatic potential U1 of the surface of the powder pile by using an electrostatic potentiometer; then the discharge ball is close to the powder pile to generate discharge, meanwhile, a static discharge transient field intensity measuring system is used for measuring a discharge signal S, finally, the discharge ball is moved out of the charging barrel, and an induced current integral static charge tester is used for measuring the charge quantity Q2 of the discharged powder pile again; the experiment was repeated 10 times as described above, since the amount of discharged charge transferred was different at the same powder pile height.
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