CN111734580B - Multi-variable monitoring and protecting system and method for fan grid-connected loop - Google Patents
Multi-variable monitoring and protecting system and method for fan grid-connected loop Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000033999 Device damage Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0256—Stall control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
- F03D7/0268—Parking or storm protection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system and method, wherein the monitoring and protecting system comprises a main transformer, a box transformer main breaker, a grid-connected contactor, a comprehensive protection module, an anti-impact LVRT unit, a wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, a wind wheel energy capturing side protecting device, a safety chain and an intelligent analysis protecting system; the main transformer and the box transformer main circuit breaker are positioned in the box-type transformer substation, an external power grid is connected with the main transformer through wires, the main transformer is connected with the box transformer main circuit breaker, the box transformer main circuit breaker is connected with a grid-connected contactor, and the grid-connected contactor is connected with a generator in a wind driven generator cabin; the comprehensive protection module and the anti-impact LVRT unit are respectively connected with the grid-connected contactor, and the comprehensive protection module is also connected with the safety chain; the multi-layer monitoring protection mechanism for the running state of the unit is formed by combining two links of mechanical transmission and electrical control, so that the safe running of the unit is comprehensively ensured, and the fire accident of the unit caused by overspeed or electrical element faults is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power, in particular to a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system and method.
Background
Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) refers to the time (area) in which a wind turbine can remain grid-connected, even providing a certain reactive power to the grid, supporting grid recovery until the grid returns to normal, when the grid-connected point voltage of the wind turbine drops, thereby "traversing" the low voltage.
Most of wind farms are in remote areas and traffic is blocked. The large-scale grid-connected wind turbine generator is outdoor high-altitude operation equipment. Once a fire occurs, the difficulty of putting out a fire is great, and once the fire occurs, the direct loss is great, and the possibility of external rescue is extremely low. The double-fed wind generating set has the advantages of more equipment, complex and compact structure, and particularly the fire disaster problem. From the aspect of fire disaster type, the wind turbine generator is designed and manufactured by various materials such as lubricating grease, hydraulic oil, electrical equipment, wires and cables, blades, cabin covers, insulation layers of the cabin covers and the like, and the types of combustible matters are more. Therefore, the fire types of the units are complex and can be classified into electric fire, solid fire and liquid fire. The fire disaster causes two, namely, the over-temperature ignition of the grease oil liquid of the main shaft bearing and the gear box caused by the overspeed rotation of the impeller, and the grid-connected ignition caused by the damage of the generator control equipment. For example, patent publication number CN 105162084B: the patent executes short-circuit protection on a high-voltage side and backup protection on a low-voltage side in the wind turbine through a target fuse, has the advantages of simple implementation method, matching of protection characteristics of electrical safety equipment with electrical fault characteristics of the wind turbine, realization of chain protection and high electrical safety performance, but does not monitor and protect a mechanical transmission side of the wind turbine, and cannot comprehensively protect safe operation of the wind turbine.
At present, the main fan fire problems at home and abroad mainly have the following defects: (1) Lack of targeted research and solutions for the root cause of a fan fire and its corresponding emergency measures; (2) The method is lack of two aspects of capturing energy and electrical control of the secondary unit, and specific fault characteristic parameters are extracted to monitor the wind turbine in real time; (3) The cost is higher, the use is single, and the universality is poor.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system and method with perfect functions and comprehensive system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system which is reasonable in structural design and complete in system, and the fan grid-connected loop is used for performing prediction diagnosis and action protection under dangerous conditions, is matched with an intelligent fire protection system, is applied to a wind turbine generator, ensures safe operation of the wind turbine generator, and avoids fire accidents caused by overspeed or grid-connected switching problems of the wind turbine generator.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system is characterized in that: the intelligent analysis protection system comprises a main transformer, a box transformer main breaker, a grid-connected contactor, a comprehensive protection module, an anti-impact LVRT unit, a wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, a wind wheel energy capturing side protection device, a safety chain and an intelligent analysis protection system; the main transformer and the box transformer main circuit breaker are positioned in a box-type transformer substation, an external power grid is connected with the main transformer through wires, the main transformer is connected with the box transformer main circuit breaker, the box transformer main circuit breaker is connected with a grid-connected contactor, and the grid-connected contactor is connected with a generator in a wind driven generator cabin; the comprehensive protection module and the anti-impact LVRT unit are respectively connected with the grid-connected contactor, and the comprehensive protection module is also connected with a safety chain;
the comprehensive protection module is used for breaking the grid-connected contactor or the box-transformer main breaker according to real-time breaking current and fault states through matching with the box-transformer main breaker according to characteristic parameters of the grid-connected contactor, selecting an action object and an action speed, and avoiding using the grid-connected contactor to break off the grid and damage related devices under the heavy current load working condition;
the anti-impact LVRT unit has the function of a breaker, and is used for simulating the function of the breaker, and meanwhile, the problem of low penetration of the grid-connected contactor is solved under the condition that the external power distribution and the spare power supply capacity are not changed; the grid-connected contactor is originally provided with a breaker, the breaker in the grid-connected contactor is removed, and the function of the breaker is replaced by the anti-impact LVRT unit.
The intelligent analysis protection system directly controls a safety chain on the wind wheel wind capturing side when the wind wheel rotation speed monitored by the wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device exceeds the rated rotation speed, skips a slip ring communication link and enables the unit to be shut down in time in a network-off mode;
the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device is arranged at the cabin position of the wind driven generator, is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system, and is used for sending a system abnormal signal to the intelligent analysis protection system under the condition that the electric control side element is damaged and cannot be disconnected and when the unit is in an overspeed stage, so that overspeed accidents of the unit are prevented;
the intelligent analysis protection system is used for monitoring, recording, analyzing and protecting the overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power abnormality, harmonic wave, short circuit and overspeed problems of a single unit of the power generation field, and can provide data and theoretical support for problem searching and follow-up optimization of equipment.
Preferably, the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system further comprises an intelligent automatic fire-fighting device, wherein the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device is arranged beside one side of the grid-connected contactor and is externally connected with an aerosol fire-extinguishing device; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device is used for detecting gas/smoke, temperature and flame; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system and is matched with the intelligent analysis protection system to carry out logic judgment on faults, early warning and fire alarm; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device cooperates with the intelligent analysis protection system to act so as to eliminate the fire point at fixed points; when the intelligent analysis protection system confirms that a heavy current discharge state occurs, the intelligent analysis protection system sends a confirmation protection demand signal to the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device, the intelligent analysis protection system immediately breaks the main circuit breaker of the box transformer substation, and the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device performs automatic fire-fighting and fire extinguishing.
Preferably, the wheel capturing side parallel speed measuring device comprises a proximity switch, a signal isolator, a PLC controller and a gyroscope; the proximity switches are arranged in a plurality, the proximity switches are connected with the PLC through signal isolators, the gyroscope is arranged outside a hexagonal cabinet of a hub of the wind driven generator and connected with the PLC, and the PLC is also in communication connection with the safety chain.
Preferably, the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device comprises a striker, and the striker is arranged on a cabin of the wind driven generator.
Preferably, the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system further comprises a system redundancy protecting unit, wherein the system redundancy protecting unit is respectively in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protecting system, the grid-connected contactor and the safety chain; the system redundancy protection unit is used for respectively controlling the grid-connected contactor and the safety chain by judging breaking current and wind turbine rotating speed when the unit has overspeed, so that the unit can be timely disconnected and unloaded, and the equipment is ensured to be complete.
Preferably, the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system further comprises a remote state monitoring system which is respectively in communication connection with the comprehensive protection module, the anti-impact LVRT unit, the wheel capturing side parallel speed measuring device, the wind wheel capturing side protecting device, the safety chain and the intelligent analysis protecting system;
the remote state monitoring system is used for supporting remote real-time waveform recording and feature quantity calculation, system problem warning and backup protection, conventional grid-connected characteristic analysis, fault process transient state and steady state analysis, whole-field power generation equipment correlation analysis, power generation field fault analysis and positioning and unit overspeed recording operation of monitoring staff.
The invention also provides a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting method, which is implemented by adopting the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system, and is characterized in that: the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting method is combined with a mechanical transmission protecting mechanism method by adopting an electric control protecting mechanism method;
the electrical control protection mechanism method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a comprehensive protection module is utilized to break the grid-connected contactor or the box-transformer main breaker according to real-time breaking current and fault states by matching with the box-transformer main breaker according to characteristic parameters of the grid-connected contactor, selecting an action object and an action speed, and avoiding the risk of damaging related devices by using the grid-connected contactor under the heavy current load working condition;
secondly, the function of an original breaker is simulated by utilizing an anti-impact LVRT unit, and meanwhile, the problem of low penetration of the grid-connected contactor is solved under the condition that the external power distribution and the spare power capacity are not changed;
thirdly, the intelligent analysis protection system can monitor, record, analyze and protect the overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power abnormality, harmonic wave, short circuit and overspeed problems of a single unit of the power generation field, and can provide data and theoretical support for the problem search and follow-up optimization of equipment; the intelligent analysis protection system can also judge the breaking grid-connected contactor or the upper-level protection circuit breaker through breaking current real-time value when a frequency converter in the unit main control or grid-connected contactor sends out the breaking grid-connected switch requirement, so that the circuit breaker and the contactor work in the most reasonable breaking state, the optimal service life is achieved, and accidents are avoided; the intelligent analysis protection system counts the breaking times of the grid-connected contactor at the same time, and reminds the health condition of the equipment before reaching the theoretical maximum service life; the intelligent analysis protection system also monitors the change of the rotation speed of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator in real time, in order to prevent the condition that the communication is lost due to the damage of transmission equipment of the variable pitch control system, when the rotation speed exceeds the rated rotation speed, the intelligent analysis protection system directly controls a safety chain at the wind capturing side of the wind wheel, skips a slip ring communication link to enable the unit to be shut down in time after the unit is disconnected from the net, and simultaneously, in the overspeed stage of the unit, in order to prevent the condition that the unit cannot be disconnected due to the damage of elements at the electrical control side, the wind capturing side control link can remedy the unit in time to prevent the overspeed accident of the unit; in addition, the built-in breaking protection requirement is adopted to meet the actual use requirement of the wind generating set, when the grid-connected loop has serious problems, such as a large unbalanced state, a serious negative power state and the like, the main control system is matched to complete the function of immediately breaking the main loop protection, so that accidents are avoided;
the mechanical transmission protection mechanism method comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that a mode of combining the wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device with the wind wheel energy capturing side protecting device is adopted, the wheel rotational speed change of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator is monitored in real time by using the wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, and when the rotational speed exceeds the rated rotational speed, the intelligent analysis protecting system directly controls a safety chain on the wind wheel energy capturing side, skips a slip ring communication link, and enables a unit to be timely shut down off the grid; meanwhile, in order to prevent the condition that the electric control side element is damaged and cannot be disconnected, a wind wheel energy capturing side protection device sends out a system abnormal signal in the overspeed stage of the unit, so that the overspeed accident of the unit is prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. according to the invention, from two aspects of a unit energy capturing layer and an electrical control layer, the actual requirements of safe operation of the unit under different operation conditions are researched, corresponding characteristic variable parameters are extracted, a grid-connected loop is subjected to predictive diagnosis and action protection under dangerous conditions through an intelligent analysis protection system, and an intelligent fire protection system is matched with the intelligent analysis protection system, so that the intelligent fire protection system is applied to a wind turbine, the safe operation of the unit is ensured, and fire accidents caused by overspeed or grid-connected switching problems of the unit are avoided;
2. according to the invention, through deep theoretical research on the problem of fire accident of the wind turbine generator, two links of mechanical transmission and electrical control are combined to form a multi-layer monitoring protection mechanism of the running state of the wind turbine generator, and an automatic fire protection device corresponding to the multi-layer monitoring protection mechanism is provided, so that the safe running of the wind turbine generator is comprehensively ensured, and the fire accident of the wind turbine generator caused by overspeed or electrical element faults is avoided;
3. the invention can make the grid-connected switch work within the breaking capacity requirement range all the time, and avoid the fire risk of the fan caused by the problem of the grid-connected contactor. Meanwhile, the information quantity of fault diagnosis is increased, the monitoring function of faults is realized, overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power problem, harmonic wave and short circuit problem can be monitored, recorded, analyzed and system protection can be realized, data and theoretical support can be provided for problem searching and follow-up optimization of equipment, the working pertinence of a wind power plant is improved, and the reliable operation capability of the equipment is improved. Therefore, the reliability and the flexibility of on-line monitoring of the fan can be improved, the fan is a novel monitoring and protecting method, and the fireproof safety and stability of the fan are further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: the system comprises a main transformer 1, a box transformer main breaker 2, a grid-connected contactor 3, a comprehensive protection module 4, an anti-impact LVRT unit 5, a safety chain 6, a proximity switch 7, a signal isolator 8, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 9, a gyroscope 10, a collision iron 11 and a generator 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Examples
At present, the main reasons for causing the firing of the wind driven generator are grid-connected device damage and overspeed runaway:
grid-connected device damage:
the doubly-fed wind generating set usually adopts a breaker or a contactor as a grid-connected switch, but the performance of the doubly-fed wind generating set is good and bad: the breaker has stronger breaking capacity, but has limited service life, and components and parts need to be replaced frequently; the contactor has longer service life, but has weaker breaking capacity, and sometimes the running state of the unit cannot be accurately judged, so that the network disconnection failure is caused. At present, most doubly-fed machine sets use contactors as grid-connected switches, but because of poor arc extinguishing capability, and the problems of element aging and the like, sometimes the machine set off-grid action cannot be accurately executed. At the same time, the phenomena of electric shock adhesion, arc discharge and the like are caused, so that the wind driven generator fires;
overspeed is out of control:
in order to ensure the safe operation of the wind turbine, two-stage safety chain protection is usually arranged. Wherein, the second safety chain is vertically docked with the pitch system. When the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed of the unit or the rotating speed of the wind wheel exceeds the rated rotating speed, the second safety chain of the unit is disconnected, and the blades execute feathering action to prevent overspeed condition of the unit. However, the whole control link involves a plurality of devices such as a sensor, a slip ring, a communication line and the like, and any device is likely to fail to realize the overspeed control process, so that the machine set has a 'galloping' condition. And when the oil is severe, the grease of the main shaft bearing is overheated, so that the fire disaster of the unit is caused.
The embodiment discloses fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protection system, aims at improving reliability of fire prediction diagnosis of a doubly-fed wind turbine generator set, establishes a multivariable monitoring model between reasons and signal performances caused by multivariable parameters and fires, improves reliability of fire prediction diagnosis by a monitoring means integrating energy capturing and electrical control of the wind turbine generator set, designs an intelligent analysis protection system on the basis of the multivariable monitoring model, and is provided with a corresponding intelligent automatic fire fighting device, so that intelligent monitoring and protection of the wind turbine generator set based on grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring are realized.
Referring to fig. 1, the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system comprises a main transformer 1, a box transformer main breaker 2, a grid-connected contactor 3, a comprehensive protection module 4, an anti-impact LVRT unit 5, a wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, a wind wheel energy capturing side protecting device, a safety chain 6, an intelligent analysis protecting system, an intelligent automatic fire fighting device, a system redundancy protecting unit and a remote state monitoring system.
In the embodiment, a main transformer 1 and a box transformer main breaker 2 are positioned in a box-type transformer substation, an external power grid is connected with the main transformer 1 through wires, the main transformer 1 is connected with the box transformer main breaker 2, the box transformer main breaker 2 is connected with a grid-connected contactor 3, and the grid-connected contactor 3 is connected with a generator 12 in a wind driven generator cabin; the comprehensive protection module 4 and the impact-proof LVRT unit 5 are respectively connected with the grid-connected contactor 3, and the comprehensive protection module 4 is also connected with the safety chain 6.
In this embodiment, the comprehensive protection module 4 is configured to select an action object and an action speed according to a characteristic parameter of the grid-connected contactor 3, and break the grid-connected contactor 3 or the box-type main circuit breaker according to real-time breaking current and a fault state through cooperation with the box-type main circuit breaker, so as to avoid using the grid-connected contactor 3 to break related devices off the grid under a heavy current load working condition.
In this embodiment, the anti-impact LVRT unit 5 has a breaker function, and solves the problem of low penetration of the grid-connected contactor 3 without changing the external power distribution and the spare power capacity.
In this embodiment, the parallel speed measuring device of the energy capturing side is installed at the hub position of the wind driven generator and is used for monitoring the change of the rotation speed of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator in real time, the parallel speed measuring device of the energy capturing side is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis and protection system, and when the rotation speed of the wind wheel monitored by the parallel speed measuring device of the energy capturing side exceeds the rated rotation speed, the intelligent analysis and protection system directly controls the safety chain 6 at the wind capturing side of the wind wheel, skips the communication link of the slip ring, and enables the unit to be shut down off the grid in time. Specifically, the wheel capturing side parallel speed measuring device comprises a proximity switch 7, a signal isolator 8, a PLC controller 9 and a gyroscope 10. The proximity switches 7 are arranged in three, the three proximity switches 7 are connected with the PLC controller 9 through the signal isolator 8, the gyroscope 10 is arranged outside a hexagonal cabinet of a hub of the wind driven generator, the gyroscope 10 is connected with the PLC controller 9, and the PLC controller 9 is also in communication connection with the safety chain 6.
In the embodiment, the wheel capturing energy side parallel speed measuring device adopts a parallel speed measuring mechanism of the proximity switch 7 and the gyroscope 10; the parallel speed measuring mechanism of the proximity switch 7 and the gyroscope 10 is that the speed measuring mechanism of the proximity switch 7 and the speed measuring mechanism of the gyroscope 10 are parallel. The speed measuring mechanism of the proximity switch 7 is that the proximity switch 7 accesses the detected pulse electric signal into the PLC 9, when a certain path of signal exceeds a preset alarm value, the fan system enters an alarm state, when the other two channels keep unchanged for a certain time, an alarm signal is output, the safety chain 6 is cut off, and the fan system is controlled to execute feathering action. The speed measuring mechanism of the gyroscope 10 is that the gyroscope 10 is arranged outside a hexagonal cabinet of a hub, and when the measurement result of the gyroscope 10 exceeds an early warning value and is kept unchanged for a certain time, the safety chain 6 is disconnected, and the fan system is controlled to execute feathering action.
In this embodiment, the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device is installed at the cabin position of the wind driven generator, and the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system, and is used for sending a system abnormal signal to the intelligent analysis protection system under the condition that the electric control side element is damaged and cannot be disconnected and when the unit is in an overspeed stage, so as to prevent the overspeed accident of the unit. Specifically, the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device comprises a collision iron 11, and the collision iron 11 is arranged on a cabin of the wind driven generator. In the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device, the collision iron 11 is easy to collide with the proximity switch 7 when the wind wheel has relative displacement. When the proximity switch 7 fails, the three switch speeds are abnormal, the overspeed protection system does not stop working at the moment, and the gyroscope 10 is used for measuring the rotating speed, but the protection system sends out a system abnormal signal at the moment.
In this embodiment, the intelligent analysis protection system is used for monitoring, recording, analyzing and protecting the overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power abnormality, harmonic wave, short circuit and overspeed problems occurring in a single unit of the power generation field, and can provide data and theoretical support for problem searching and subsequent optimization of equipment. The intelligent analysis protection system also has the following functions: 1) Through analyzing historical data of a fan, matching with the anti-impact LVRT unit 5 to simulate the parameter requirements of related equipment for controlling the disconnection and connection of a unit, calculating the most reasonable breaking current when meeting the service life of a contactor and a circuit breaker and the overspeed tripping rotating speed of the unit, and breaking the main circuit breaker of a box transformer when the current exceeds a certain value and breaking the grid-connected contactor 3 when the current is lower than the certain value; 2) Through analyzing the historical fault data, the protection conditions of the off-grid intelligent protection system are confirmed, wherein the protection conditions at least comprise rated rotation speed of a wind wheel, limit rotation speed of the wind wheel, unbalance degree of three-phase current and negative power.
In the embodiment, the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device is arranged beside one side of the grid-connected contactor 3, and is externally connected with the aerosol fire-fighting device; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device is used for detecting gas/smoke, temperature and flame; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system and is matched with the intelligent analysis protection system to carry out logic judgment on faults, early warning and fire alarm; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device cooperates with the intelligent analysis protection system to act so as to eliminate the fire point at fixed points; when the intelligent analysis protection system confirms that a heavy current discharge state occurs, the intelligent analysis protection system sends a confirmation protection demand signal to the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device, the intelligent analysis protection system immediately breaks the main circuit breaker of the box transformer substation, and the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device performs automatic fire-fighting and fire extinguishing.
In the embodiment, the system redundancy protection unit is respectively in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system, the grid-connected contactor 3 and the safety chain 6; the system redundancy protection unit is used for respectively controlling the grid-connected contactor 3 and the safety chain 6 by judging breaking current and wind turbine rotating speed when the unit has overspeed, so that the unit can be timely disconnected and unloaded, and the equipment is ensured to be complete.
In this embodiment, the remote status monitoring system is respectively in communication connection with the comprehensive protection module 4, the anti-impact LVRT unit 5, the wheel capturing side parallel speed measuring device, the wind wheel capturing side protection device, the safety chain 6 and the intelligent analysis protection system. The remote state monitoring system is used for supporting remote real-time waveform recording and feature quantity calculation, system problem warning and backup protection, conventional grid-connected characteristic analysis, fault process transient state and steady state analysis, whole-field power generation equipment correlation analysis, power generation field fault analysis and positioning and unit overspeed recording operation of monitoring staff.
The invention also provides a fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting method which is implemented by adopting the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system, and the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting method is combined with a mechanical transmission protecting mechanism method by adopting an electrical control protecting mechanism method.
Considering that the doubly-fed wind power generator has three rotating speeds, namely a stator synchronous rotating speed n, a rotor rotating speed n1 and a rotor electromagnetic rotating speed n2. The machine set adjusts the rotor converter by calculating the slip ratio, adjusts the frequency and amplitude of exciting current, ensures that the addition of the electromagnetic rotating speed n2 of the rotor and the real-time rotating speed n1 of the rotor is equal to the synchronous rotating speed n, ensures the power frequency working pressure of the stator side, and directly connects the stator of the generator with a power grid through a grid-connected switch. Stator grid-tie switches typically use contactors or circuit breakers. And under the working condition that the wind speed exceeds the minimum starting wind speed, the doubly-fed wind generating set expands blades to absorb wind energy through the pitch system, when the rotating speed of the generator reaches the minimum grid-connected requirement, the frequency converter loop is precharged, then the grid-connected side contactor is attracted, after the frequency converter continues to operate to a synchronous state, the frequency, the voltage and the phase detected meet the grid-connected requirement, and then the stator grid-connected switch is attracted. The safety chain of the unit is in a power-on state, and the variable pitch controller and the generator controller do not act on the safety chain.
Therefore, the multi-layer monitoring protection mechanism for the running state of the unit is formed by combining two links of the mechanical transmission protection mechanism and the electrical control protection mechanism, and the automatic fire fighting device corresponding to the multi-layer monitoring protection mechanism is provided, so that the safe running of the unit is comprehensively ensured, and the fire accident of the unit caused by overspeed or electrical element faults is avoided.
The design background of the electrical control protection mechanism is as follows: in the generator grid connection link, a contactor or a breaker is generally selected as a grid connection switch for the doubly-fed wind generating set. The main working components of the alternating current contactor are a low-voltage coil and an armature, electromagnetic induction is generated after the coil wound on the iron core is electrified, a moving contact is attracted, the contactor is closed, the arc extinguishing capability of the contactor is weak, and the breaking current is generally only several thousand A. The electrical life of a contactor can typically be up to several hundred thousand times. The contactor generally has high temperature and capacity reduction after the temperature is higher than 60 ℃, and the capacity and the service life are both affected. The breaker is also called an automatic switch, which is an electric appliance with the function of manual switch and the functions of automatic voltage loss, undervoltage, overload and short-circuit protection. It can be used to protect power supply circuit and motor, and can automatically cut off circuit when serious overload or short circuit or under-voltage faults occur. The breaker realizes quick closing and breaking by a mechanical structure, has strong arc extinguishing capability, and can achieve tens of thousands of A of current in general breaking. Short delay protection, long delay protection, instantaneous interruption protection and other functions can be realized through relay protection, but the electrical life is only thousands of times.
Therefore, the service life of the grid-connected contactor is prolonged by a comprehensive judgment mode combining software and hardware algorithms, and the electrical control protection mechanism method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the comprehensive protection module 4 is utilized to select an action object and an action speed according to characteristic parameters of the grid-connected contactor 3, and the grid-connected contactor 3 or the box-type main circuit breaker is disconnected according to real-time disconnection current and fault states through cooperation with the box-type main circuit breaker, so that the risk of damaging related devices by using the grid-connected contactor 3 under the heavy current load working condition is avoided;
secondly, the function of an original breaker is simulated by utilizing the anti-impact LVRT unit 5, and meanwhile, the problem of low penetration of the grid-connected contactor 3 is solved under the condition that the external power distribution and the spare power capacity are not changed;
thirdly, the intelligent analysis protection system can monitor, record, analyze and protect the overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power abnormality, harmonic wave, short circuit and overspeed problems of a single unit of the power generation field, and can provide data and theoretical support for the problem search and follow-up optimization of equipment; the intelligent analysis protection system can also judge the breaking grid-connected contactor 3 or the upper-level protection circuit breaker through breaking current real-time value when a frequency converter in the unit main control or grid-connected contactor 3 sends a breaking grid-connected switch requirement, so that the circuit breaker and the contactor work in the most reasonable breaking state, the optimal service life is achieved, and accidents are avoided; the intelligent analysis protection system counts the breaking times of the grid-connected contactor 3 at the same time, and reminds the health condition of the equipment before reaching the theoretical maximum service life; the intelligent analysis protection system also monitors the change of the rotation speed of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator in real time, in order to prevent the condition that the communication is lost due to the damage of transmission equipment of the variable pitch control system, when the rotation speed exceeds the rated rotation speed, the intelligent analysis protection system directly controls a safety chain at the wind capturing side of the wind wheel, skips a slip ring communication link to enable the unit to be shut down in time after the unit is disconnected from the net, and simultaneously, in the overspeed stage of the unit, in order to prevent the condition that the unit cannot be disconnected due to the damage of elements at the electrical control side, the wind capturing side control link can remedy the unit in time to prevent the overspeed accident of the unit; in addition, the built-in breaking protection requirement is adopted to meet the actual use requirement of the wind generating set, when serious problems occur in the grid-connected loop, such as a large unbalanced state, a serious negative power state and the like, the main control system is matched to complete the function of immediately breaking the main loop protection, and accidents are avoided.
The design background of the mechanical transmission protection mechanism is as follows: the pitch control system of the wind turbine generator is independent of other systems of the wind turbine generator in control logic or installation position. The pitch system has a complete logic judgment and equipment state analysis functional system and is vertically associated with the main control of the unit in a communication, circuit and safety chain mode. Under the influence of a unit design link, when the variable pitch system operates normally, the wind turbine unit generally cannot generate overspeed conditions. Therefore, most wind turbines are not equipped with an impeller overspeed alarm function. Instead, the rotation speed threshold is set manually simply by detecting the rotation speed of the main shaft or the impeller. When the rotating speed of the main shaft exceeds a threshold value, the main control is used for controlling the pitch control system to complete the feathering action. However, in practical applications, it was found that: the situation that the communication and control functions cannot be realized is caused by the situations of sensor faults, slip ring faults or communication line virtual connection and the like. These problems all lead to overspeed of the machine set, and serious accidents such as carbonization of the main shaft bearing, fire and the like can be caused.
Therefore, the method adopts a mechanical transmission protection mechanism method combining the wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device and the wheel energy capturing side protection device. The mechanical transmission protection mechanism method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a mode of combining the wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device with the wind wheel energy capturing side protecting device is adopted, the wheel rotational speed change of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator is monitored in real time by using the wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, and when the rotational speed exceeds the rated rotational speed, the intelligent analysis protecting system directly controls the safety chain 6 on the wind wheel energy capturing side, skips a slip ring communication link, and enables the unit to be shut down in a timely off-line mode; meanwhile, in order to prevent the condition that the electric control side element is damaged and cannot be disconnected, a wind wheel energy capturing side protection device sends out a system abnormal signal in the overspeed stage of the unit, so that the overspeed accident of the unit is prevented.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may vary from part to part, from name to name, etc., and the above description in the present specification is merely illustrative of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes of the structure, characteristics and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions in a similar manner without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (5)
1. A fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system is characterized in that: the intelligent analysis protection system comprises a main transformer (1), a main box transformer circuit breaker (2), a grid-connected contactor (3), a comprehensive protection module (4), an anti-impact LVRT unit (5), a wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, a wind wheel energy capturing side protection device, a safety chain (6) and an intelligent analysis protection system;
the main transformer (1) and the box transformer main breaker (2) are positioned in a box-type transformer substation, an external power grid is connected with the main transformer (1) through wires, the main transformer (1) is connected with the box transformer main breaker (2), the box transformer main breaker (2) is connected with a grid-connected contactor (3), and the grid-connected contactor (3) is connected with a generator (12) in a wind driven generator cabin; the comprehensive protection module (4) and the anti-impact LVRT unit (5) are respectively connected with the grid-connected contactor (3), and the comprehensive protection module (4) is also connected with the safety chain (6);
the comprehensive protection module (4) is used for selecting an action object and an action speed according to characteristic parameters of the grid-connected contactor (3), breaking the grid-connected contactor (3) or the box-type main circuit breaker (2) according to real-time breaking current and fault states through cooperation with the box-type main circuit breaker (2), and avoiding using the grid-connected contactor (3) to break off the grid and damage related devices under a heavy current load working condition;
the anti-impact LVRT unit (5) has the function of a breaker, the function of the breaker is simulated by the anti-impact LVRT unit (5), and meanwhile, the problem of low penetration of the grid-connected contactor (3) is solved under the condition that the external power distribution and the spare power capacity are not changed;
the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device is arranged at the hub position of the wind driven generator and is used for monitoring the change of the wind wheel rotating speed of the wind driven generator in real time, the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system, and when the wind wheel rotating speed monitored by the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device exceeds the rated rotating speed, the intelligent analysis protection system directly controls a safety chain at the wind wheel energy capturing side, skips a slip ring communication link, and enables a unit to be shut down off in time;
the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device is arranged at the cabin position of the wind driven generator, is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system, and is used for sending a system abnormal signal to the intelligent analysis protection system under the condition that the electric control side element is damaged and cannot be disconnected and when the unit is in an overspeed stage, so that overspeed accidents of the unit are prevented;
the intelligent analysis protection system is used for monitoring, recording, analyzing and protecting the overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power abnormality, harmonic wave, short circuit and overspeed problems of a single unit of the power generation field, and can provide data and theoretical support for the problem searching and follow-up optimization of equipment;
the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device comprises a proximity switch (7), a signal isolator (8), a PLC (programmable logic controller) 9 and a gyroscope (10); the plurality of proximity switches (7) are arranged, the plurality of proximity switches (7) are connected with the PLC (9) through the signal isolator (8), the gyroscope (10) is arranged outside a hexagonal cabinet of a hub of the wind driven generator, the gyroscope (10) is connected with the PLC (9), and the PLC (9) is also connected with the safety chain (6) in a communication way; the wind wheel energy capturing side protection device comprises a collision iron (11), and the collision iron (11) is arranged on a cabin of the wind driven generator.
2. The fan-grid-tie loop multivariable monitoring and protection system of claim 1, wherein: the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system further comprises an intelligent automatic fire-fighting device, wherein the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device is arranged beside one side of the grid-connected contactor (3) and is externally connected with an aerosol fire-extinguishing device; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device is used for detecting gas/smoke, temperature and flame; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device is in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protection system and is matched with the intelligent analysis protection system to carry out logic judgment on faults, early warning and fire alarm; the intelligent automatic fire fighting device cooperates with the intelligent analysis protection system to act so as to eliminate the fire point at fixed points; when the intelligent analysis protection system confirms that a heavy current discharge state occurs, the intelligent analysis protection system sends a confirmation protection demand signal to the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device, the intelligent analysis protection system immediately breaks the main box-transformer circuit breaker (2) and the intelligent automatic fire-fighting device performs automatic fire-fighting and fire extinguishing.
3. The fan-grid-tie loop multivariable monitoring and protection system of claim 1, wherein: the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system further comprises a system redundancy protecting unit, wherein the system redundancy protecting unit is respectively in communication connection with the intelligent analysis protecting system, the grid-connected contactor (3) and the safety chain (6); the system redundancy protection unit is used for respectively controlling the grid-connected contactor (3) and the safety chain (6) by judging breaking current and wind turbine rotating speed when the unit has overspeed, so that the unit can be timely offloaded and the equipment is ensured to be complete.
4. The fan-grid-tie loop multivariable monitoring and protection system of claim 1, wherein: the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting system further comprises a remote state monitoring system which is respectively in communication connection with the comprehensive protection module (4), the anti-impact LVRT unit (5), the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device, the wind wheel energy capturing side protecting device, the safety chain (6) and the intelligent analysis protecting system;
the remote state monitoring system is used for supporting remote real-time waveform recording and feature quantity calculation, system problem warning and backup protection, conventional grid-connected characteristic analysis, fault process transient state and steady state analysis, whole-field power generation equipment correlation analysis, power generation field fault analysis and positioning and unit overspeed recording operation of monitoring staff.
5. A fan-grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protection method implemented by the fan-grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protection system of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the fan grid-connected loop multivariable monitoring and protecting method is combined with a mechanical transmission protecting mechanism method by adopting an electric control protecting mechanism method;
the electrical control protection mechanism method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting an action object and an action speed by utilizing a comprehensive protection module (4) according to characteristic parameters of a grid-connected contactor (3), and breaking the grid-connected contactor (3) or the box-type main circuit breaker (2) according to real-time breaking current and a fault state by matching with the box-type main circuit breaker (2), so that the risk of damaging related devices by using the grid-connected contactor (3) in a heavy current load working condition is avoided;
secondly, the anti-impact LVRT unit (5) is utilized to have the function of a circuit breaker, and meanwhile, the problem of low penetration of the grid-connected contactor (3) is solved under the condition that the external power distribution and the spare power capacity are not changed;
thirdly, the intelligent analysis protection system can monitor, record, analyze and protect the overvoltage, low voltage, unbalance, frequency abnormality, power abnormality, harmonic wave, short circuit and overspeed problems of a single unit of the power generation field, and can provide data and theoretical support for the problem search and follow-up optimization of equipment; the intelligent analysis protection system can also judge the breaking grid-connected contactor (3) or the upper-level protection circuit breaker through breaking current real-time value when a frequency converter in the unit main control or grid-connected contactor (3) sends out the breaking grid-connected switch requirement, so that the circuit breaker and the contactor work in the most reasonable breaking state, the optimal service life is achieved, and accidents are avoided; the intelligent analysis protection system counts the breaking times of the grid-connected contactor (3) at the same time, and reminds the health condition of the equipment before reaching the theoretical maximum service life; the intelligent analysis protection system also monitors the change of the rotation speed of the wind wheel of the wind driven generator in real time, in order to prevent the condition that the communication is lost due to the damage of transmission equipment of the variable pitch control system, when the rotation speed exceeds the rated rotation speed, the intelligent analysis protection system directly controls a safety chain at the wind capturing side of the wind wheel, skips a slip ring communication link to enable the unit to be shut down in time after the unit is disconnected from the net, and simultaneously, in the overspeed stage of the unit, in order to prevent the condition that the unit cannot be disconnected due to the damage of elements at the electrical control side, the wind capturing side control link can remedy the unit in time to prevent the overspeed accident of the unit; in addition, the built-in breaking protection requirement is adopted to meet the actual use requirement of the wind generating set, when the grid-connected loop has serious problems, such as a large unbalanced state, a serious negative power state and the like, the main control system is matched to complete the function of immediately breaking the main loop protection, so that accidents are avoided;
the mechanical transmission protection mechanism method comprises the following steps:
the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device is used for monitoring the wind wheel rotating speed change of the wind driven generator in real time in a mode of combining the wind wheel energy capturing side parallel speed measuring device with the wind wheel energy capturing side protecting device, and when the rotating speed exceeds the rated rotating speed, the intelligent analysis protecting system directly controls a safety chain (6) on the wind wheel energy capturing side, skips a slip ring communication link and enables the unit to be shut down in a timely off-grid mode; meanwhile, in order to prevent the condition that the electric control side element is damaged and cannot be disconnected, a wind wheel energy capturing side protection device sends out a system abnormal signal in the overspeed stage of the unit, so that the overspeed accident of the unit is prevented.
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