CN111733470A - Self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber, preparation method and fabric - Google Patents

Self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber, preparation method and fabric Download PDF

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CN111733470A
CN111733470A CN202010533016.4A CN202010533016A CN111733470A CN 111733470 A CN111733470 A CN 111733470A CN 202010533016 A CN202010533016 A CN 202010533016A CN 111733470 A CN111733470 A CN 111733470A
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fiber
self
filament
short
moisture absorption
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CN111733470B (en
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姜岩
姜丽
徐慧娟
高广明
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Wenzhou University
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02Heat treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of textile fibers, and particularly relates to a self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber, a preparation method and a fabric. The self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber comprises a filament fiber A and a short fiber B, wherein the short fiber B is attached to the surface of the filament fiber A, the heat shrinkage rate of the short fiber B is larger than that of the filament fiber A, and the water absorption rate of the filament fiber A is lower than that of the short fiber B. The self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber provided by the invention has proper moisture absorption performance, has certain pores after being woven into a fabric, can quickly absorb and release moisture during sweating, and cannot cause stuffiness and stickiness. After the fabric formed by weaving is locally wet, the color difference caused by wetting can disappear rapidly after a short time.

Description

Self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber, preparation method and fabric
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of textile fibers, and particularly relates to a self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber, a preparation method and a fabric.
Background
The synthetic fiber is widely used as a clothing material, and has the advantages of high strength, good wear resistance, stable shape, quick drying and the like compared with natural fiber such as cotton. The conventional synthetic fibers do not have good moisture absorption property of natural fibers, and are less comfortable than natural fibers because they cause swelling, stickiness, etc. due to perspiration during wearing. In order to solve these problems, the moisture absorption and water absorption of synthetic fibers have been improved by means of conjugate fibers in the prior art. The moisture absorption is improved by adding a certain amount of a water absorbing component to the fiber. However, when the existing fabric formed by weaving fibers with good moisture absorption performance is locally attached and wetted by moisture, the color of the fabric area of the wetted part changes, and is obviously different from the color of the fabric area of the unwetted part, so that the fabric feels uncomfortable visually.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber, a preparation method and a fabric.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber comprises a filament fiber A and a short fiber B, wherein the short fiber B is attached to the surface of the filament fiber A, the heat shrinkage rate of the short fiber B is larger than that of the filament fiber A, and the water absorption rate of the filament fiber A is lower than that of the short fiber B.
The length ratio of the filament fibers A to the short fibers B is 80-60: 20-40.
The short fibers B are uniformly distributed on the surface of the filament fiber A.
The material of the filament fiber A contains high-refractive-index powder.
The material constituting the short fibers B contains a moisture absorbing/releasing agent.
The preparation method of the self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber comprises the following steps: respectively introducing the melt of the component forming the filament fiber A and the melt of the component forming the short fiber B into two hoppers of a parallel composite spinning component, and drafting the spun fiber to obtain the composite moisture absorption fiber, wherein the melt of the component forming the short fiber B is extruded at intervals.
And further comprising thermal crimping treatment, specifically, the composite moisture absorption fiber obtained after drafting is subjected to thermal treatment in a relaxed state to obtain the self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber.
A fabric, wherein at least a portion of said self-crimping composite absorbent fibers. The fabric may be a knitted fabric.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: when the short fiber B is attached to the surface of the filament fiber A and is heated to shrink, the filament fiber A and the short fiber B shrink simultaneously, the shrinkage rate of the short fiber B is large, large shrinkage deformation is generated, and the shrinkage force of the short fiber B is larger than that of the filament fiber A, so that the filament fiber A bends towards the direction of the short fiber B to form the self-curling composite moisture absorption fiber which is not spiral.
The self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber provided by the invention has proper moisture absorption performance, has certain pores after being woven into a fabric, can quickly absorb and release moisture during sweating, and cannot cause stuffiness and stickiness. After the fabric formed by weaving is locally wet, the color difference caused by wetting can disappear rapidly after a short time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite of filament fibers A and staple fibers B;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel composite fiber spinning device;
in the figure, a, filament fiber a; b, short fibers B;
1, a hopper A; 2, a single screw extruder A; 3, a metering pump A; 4, a hopper B; 5, a single screw extruder B; 6, a metering pump B; 7, a spinning assembly; 8, a cooling zone; 9, applying an oil nozzle; 10, a first hot roll; 11, a second heat roller; 12, a godet; 13, a winding head.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber comprises a filament fiber A and a short fiber B, wherein the short fiber B is attached to the surface of the filament fiber A, the heat shrinkage rate of the short fiber B is greater than that of the filament fiber A, and the water absorption rate of the filament fiber A is lower than that of the short fiber B.
When the short fiber B is attached to the surface of the filament fiber A and is heated to shrink, the filament fiber A and the short fiber B shrink simultaneously, the shrinkage rate of the short fiber B is large, large shrinkage deformation is generated, and the shrinkage force of the short fiber B is larger than that of the filament fiber A, so that the filament fiber A bends towards the direction of the short fiber B to form the self-curling composite moisture absorption fiber which is not spiral.
Preferably, the length ratio of the filament fibers A to the staple fibers B is 80-60: 20-40. The short fibers B are uniformly distributed on the surface of the filament fiber A. The mixture of the filament fibers A and the short fibers B in such a ratio provides a suitable density of the crimp distribution.
High refractive index powder is added to the material constituting the filament fiber A. The high refractive index powder accounts for 1 to 15 mass%, preferably 5 to 15 mass%, of the material constituting the filament fiber a. The high-refractive-index powder is an auxiliary agent which is used for improving the refractive index of the fiber in the conventional sense, and the high-refractive-index powder can be titanium dioxide or other material powder with higher refractive index. It is possible to add a certain amount of auxiliaries or other substances (such as dyes) which do not increase the moisture absorption rate of the fibers too much, common auxiliaries for textile fibers such as flame retardants, antistatic agents, uv absorbers, etc.
The material forming the short fiber B can improve the heat shrinkage rate by introducing flexible molecules, such as aromatic dibasic acid and derivatives thereof and aliphatic diol as modifiers, and the larger the difference between the heat shrinkage rates of the short fiber B and the filament fiber A is, the better the crimping effect is. The water absorption of the short fibers B can be increased by introducing a moisture-absorbing and moisture-removing agent.
The self-crimping composite moisture-absorbing fiber can be prepared by adopting a parallel composite fiber spinning device shown in figure 2 for spinning, wherein raw materials of filament fibers A are melted and then added into a hopper A, raw materials of short fibers B are melted and then added into a hopper B, the single-screw extruder A is controlled to continuously discharge materials, and the single-screw extruder B is controlled to discharge materials at intervals, so that the composite fiber is obtained.
The length ratio of the filament fibers A to the short fibers B can be controlled by controlling the ratio of the discharging time of the single-screw extruder B to the discharging stopping time.
And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the composite moisture absorption fiber obtained after drafting in a relaxed state to obtain the self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber. Specifically, the composite moisture-absorbing fiber obtained after drafting is placed in an oven under the condition of no tension for dry heat treatment.
The following are self-crimping composite moisture-absorbing fibers prepared under different conditions.
Example 1:
polypropylene (PP)/Polyethylene (PE) self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber
The filament fiber A adopts polypropylene and titanium dioxide powder, and the short fiber B adopts high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and polyvinyl alcohol.
The polypropylene and titanium dioxide powders were melt-mixed in the mass ratio shown in table 1 and poured into a hopper a.
High-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol were melt-mixed in the mass ratio shown in table 1, and the mixture was poured into a hopper B.
The extrusion rate of the single-screw extruder A and the extrusion rate and interval of the single-screw extruder B were controlled, specifically as shown in tables 1-1 and 1-2.
TABLE 1-1 preparation parameters for samples 1-6
Figure BDA0002536013390000041
TABLE 1-2 preparation parameters for samples 7-12
Figure BDA0002536013390000042
Figure BDA0002536013390000051
Example 2:
polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)/Polyester (PET) self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber
The filament fiber A adopts polybutylene terephthalate and titanium dioxide powder, and the short fiber B adopts polyester and yew viscose fiber.
Polyester and titanium dioxide powders were melt-mixed in the mass ratio shown in Table 1, and poured into a hopper A.
High-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol were melt-mixed in the mass ratio shown in table 1, and the mixture was poured into a hopper B.
The extrusion rate of the single-screw extruder A and the extrusion rate and interval of the single-screw extruder B were controlled, specifically as shown in tables 2-1 and 2-2.
TABLE 2-1 preparation parameters for samples 13-18
Figure BDA0002536013390000052
TABLE 2-2 preparation parameters for samples 19-24
Figure BDA0002536013390000061
Example 3:
high-viscosity PET/low-viscosity PET self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber
The filament fiber A adopts high-viscosity PET (intrinsic viscosity is 0.75dL/g) and titanium dioxide powder, and the short fiber B adopts low-viscosity PET melt (intrinsic viscosity is 0.45dL/g) and taxus chinensis viscose fiber.
Polyester and titanium dioxide powders were melt-mixed in the mass ratio shown in Table 1, and poured into a hopper A.
High-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol were melt-mixed in the mass ratio shown in table 1, and the mixture was poured into a hopper B.
The extrusion rate of the single-screw extruder A and the extrusion rate and interval of the single-screw extruder B were controlled, specifically as shown in tables 3-1 and 3-2.
TABLE 3-1 preparation parameters for samples 19-24
Figure BDA0002536013390000062
Figure BDA0002536013390000071
TABLE 3-2 preparation parameters for samples 25-30
Figure BDA0002536013390000072
The above samples were subjected to the following tests, the test results of which are shown in table 4: :
first, fineness test: the titer test was carried out according to test method for the linear density of synthetic fibers GB/T14343-1993.
II, testing mechanical properties: the test of breaking strength and breaking elongation is carried out according to the national standard GB/T14344-2008 chemical fiber filament tensile property test method.
The above samples were woven into fabrics and subjected to the following test items, the test results are shown in table 4:
firstly, the moisture absorption parameter is a parameter index for representing the moisture absorption degree. The higher the moisture absorption performance, the higher the moisture absorption parameter. Moisture absorption parameter { [ (w)2-w0)/w0]×100)}-{[(w1-w0)/w0]×100}。
In the above formula, w0、w1And w2Is represented as follows:
W0mass (g) of the sample after drying at 105 ℃ for 2 hours;
W1when W is measured0Mass (g) of the sample after 2 hours in an environment of × 60% RH at 25 ℃;
W2when W is measured1Followed by the mass (g) of the sample at × 90% RH at 34 deg.C for 24 hours.
The temperature and humidity conditions of 25 ℃ x 60% RH were simulated for the average temperature/humidity state and indoor environment throughout the year.
The temperature and humidity conditions of 34 ℃ x 90% RH are simulated environments in summer. The measurement was performed twice, and the average value was taken as an evaluation value.
Second, bead test
When the water drops adhere to the fabric, the fabric portion with the water attached will have a color difference with other dry fabric portions.
The measurement was carried out by dyeing a fabric sample blue and leaving it for 2 hours at 20 ℃ C.times.65% RH. The sample was fixed on a ring member of more than 0.5 cm and fixed, and 0.15 ml of pure water was dropped to the fixed fabric sample. This effectively prevents dripping water from adhering to parts other than the fabric sample, such as a table surface under the test piece. After being placed again in the above-described environment, the color difference between the portion where moisture adheres and the portion where moisture does not adhere is determined by the gradation. The grey scale card for assessing discoloration determines the difference in color between the portion to which moisture adheres and the portion to which no moisture adheres using the standard GB250-1995, and when the deviation is in the 4 th order, the time is recorded. The measurement was performed twice, and the average value was taken as an evaluation value.
TABLE 4 Properties of the samples
Figure BDA0002536013390000081
Figure BDA0002536013390000091
The self-curling composite moisture absorption fiber has proper moisture absorption performance, has certain pores after being woven into a fabric, can quickly absorb and release moisture during sweating, and cannot cause stuffiness and stickiness. After the woven fabric is locally wet, the color difference caused by the wet fabric disappears quickly in a short time, probably because the woven fabric has a large number of pores, most of absorbed moisture is concentrated in the short fibers B at the inner side of the bend, moisture is quickly released in the pores formed by the bend, and the complex structure formed by the bend can also promote diffuse reflection of light, so that the fiber part with color change caused by moisture infiltration is not easy to perceive. The addition of titanium dioxide to the filament fibers a enhances the reflection.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A self-crimping composite absorbent fiber characterized by: the fabric comprises a filament fiber A and a short fiber B, wherein the short fiber B is attached to the surface of the filament fiber A, the heat shrinkage rate of the short fiber B is larger than that of the filament fiber A, and the water absorption rate of the filament fiber A is lower than that of the short fiber B.
2. A self-crimping composite absorbent fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the length ratio of the filament fibers A to the short fibers B is 80-60: 20-40.
3. A self-crimping composite absorbent fiber according to claim 2, wherein: the short fibers B are uniformly distributed on the surface of the filament fiber A.
4. A self-crimping composite absorbent fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the material constituting the filament fiber A contains a high refractive index powder.
5. A self-crimping composite absorbent fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the material constituting the short fibers B contains a moisture absorbing/releasing agent.
6. A method of making self-crimping composite absorbent fibers according to any of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of: respectively introducing the melt of the component forming the filament fiber A and the melt of the component forming the short fiber B into two hoppers of a parallel composite spinning assembly for spinning, and drafting the spun fiber to obtain the composite moisture absorption fiber, wherein the melt of the component forming the short fiber B is extruded at equal time intervals.
7. A method of making self-crimping composite absorbent fibers according to claim 6, comprising the steps of: and further comprising thermal crimping treatment, specifically, the composite moisture absorption fiber obtained after drafting is subjected to thermal treatment in a relaxed state to obtain the self-crimping composite moisture absorption fiber.
8. A fabric at least partially comprising self-crimping composite absorbent fibers according to any one of claims 1-5.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112708947A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-27 浙江理工大学 Preparation method of self-crimping fiber with recycled polyester as raw material

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ZA702724B (en) * 1969-04-25 1971-03-31 Shell Int Research Crimped multicomponent yarns and fibres
EP0013498A1 (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-23 Monsanto Company Process for producing self-crimping yarns, multifilament yarns containing latent crimp filaments, and multifilament yarns containing developed crimp filaments
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112708947A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-27 浙江理工大学 Preparation method of self-crimping fiber with recycled polyester as raw material

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