CN111732787A - Polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111732787A CN111732787A CN202010571658.3A CN202010571658A CN111732787A CN 111732787 A CN111732787 A CN 111732787A CN 202010571658 A CN202010571658 A CN 202010571658A CN 111732787 A CN111732787 A CN 111732787A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/20—Recycled plastic
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a polypropylene-based composite material wholly derived from waste and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polypropylene-based composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-95 parts of a cover body and an elastic band of the waste mask and 5-30 parts of waste biomass filler; the waste biomass filler is waste loofah sponge powder and/or saw dust; the preparation method comprises the following steps: removing the nose bridge strip from the waste mask, making the rest mask body and the elastic band into fragments to obtain waste mask fragments, and drying for later use; and carrying out melt blending processing on the dried waste mask fragments and waste biomass fillers, and granulating to obtain the polypropylene-based composite material which is wholly derived from waste. The raw material of the polypropylene-based composite material is 100% from the recycling of wastes, and the obtained polypropylene-based composite material has good mechanical property and high added value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polypropylene modification, in particular to a polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from wastes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the medical industry, common masks can be classified into medical protective masks, medical surgical masks, disposable medical masks and the like. The mask has the protection functions of filtering, adsorbing and bacteriostasis. Generally, the mask can be used as a personal protection mask. Wearing the mask is the simplest and most effective method for blocking epidemic infection, the using amount of the mask is still continuously increased due to the repetition of the epidemic situation, inevitable problems are brought to the subsequent recovery of the mask, and the problem that how to treat the waste mask is the least to be ignored in the future.
The structure of the disposable common mask mainly comprises a mask body, an elastic band and a nose bridge strip, wherein the mask body is made of non-woven fabric made of high-fluidity polypropylene resin, the elastic band is an elastic hanging rope made of polyurethane, and the nose bridge strip is formed by compounding metal wires and polypropylene resin. Except that the nose bridge strip is difficult to recycle due to the fact that the nose bridge strip contains the metal wires, the rest parts can be recycled.
In addition, at present, a large amount of luffa vegetable sponge processing waste and sawdust generated in wood processing are not effectively utilized in China, and can only be buried as garbage.
Therefore, how to recycle the waste mask, the waste loofah sponge and the saw dust to obtain the polymer-based composite material with high performance and high added value is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polypropylene-based composite material which is wholly derived from wastes and a preparation method thereof on the basis of the technical problem to be solved of recycling waste masks, waste loofah sponge and sawdust to obtain a polymer-based composite material with high performance and high added value. The raw material of the polypropylene-based composite material is 100% from the recycling of wastes, and the obtained polypropylene-based composite material has good mechanical property and high added value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the polypropylene-based composite material integrally derived from waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70 to 95 portions of the cover body and the elastic band of the waste mask,
5-30 parts of waste biomass filler.
Furthermore, the cover body is made of non-woven fabric made of polypropylene resin, and the melt index of the non-woven fabric is 50g/10 min-3000 g/10 min.
Further, the material of the elastic band is polyurethane elastomer.
Further, the elastic band accounts for less than 10% of the weight of the cover body. The weight of the mask body of the waste mask is about 5g, the weight of the elastic band is about 0.3 g-0.5 g, and the weight of the mask body is larger for the N95 mask with better protective performance, so the content of the polyurethane elastic band in the mask body is basically below 10 wt%.
Further, the waste biomass filler is waste loofah sponge powder and/or sawdust.
Still further, the particle size of the waste biomass filler is 0.05 mm-5 mm.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste, comprising the steps of:
s1, removing a nose bridge strip from the waste mask, making the rest mask body and the elastic band into fragments to obtain waste mask fragments, and drying the waste mask fragments for later use;
and S2, carrying out melt blending processing on the dried waste mask fragments and the waste biomass filler, and granulating to obtain the polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste.
Further, the melt blending process comprises banburying and then extruding.
Still further, the melt blending processing adopts an internal mixing extruder, and the internal mixing extruder comprises an internal mixing processing unit and an extrusion processing unit. Firstly, banburying processing of a banburying processing unit is carried out, waste mask fragments are melted during banburying, so that waste biomass fillers can be added conveniently and can be dispersed in a polypropylene matrix formed by the waste mask fragments uniformly, and then extrusion processing of an extrusion processing unit is carried out, so that the waste biomass fillers are dispersed in the polypropylene matrix more uniformly; because the density of the waste mask fragments is too low, the waste mask fragments cannot be directly extruded and processed by an extruder, and need to be melted in an internal mixing processing unit to form a polypropylene matrix.
Further, the rotating speed of banburying processing is 60 rpm-90 rpm, and the temperature is 170 ℃ to 210 ℃; the feeding speed of the extrusion processing is 30-60 rpm, the processing temperature is 170-210 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 80-200 rpm.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows:
(1) the mask body of the waste mask is made of non-woven fabrics made of polypropylene resin, the melt index is 50g/10 min-3000 g/10min, the waste mask has high fluidity, the elastic band is made of polyurethane elastomer, the weight of the mask body of the waste mask is about 5g, the weight of the elastic band is about 0.3 g-0.5 g, the mask body weight is larger for an N95 mask with better protective performance, and the proportion of the elastic band relative to the mask body is less than 10 wt%; according to the invention, the cover body of the waste mask is used as a composite material substrate, wherein the mixed elastic band is used as a toughening agent of the composite material, and biomass fillers from wastes such as waste loofah sponge and saw dust are added as reinforcing agents to prepare the polypropylene-based composite material, so that the environmental pollution caused by the waste mask, the waste loofah sponge and the saw dust as garbage can be remarkably reduced; the process of recycling the waste mask is very simple, the cover body and the rubber band which are left after the nose bridge strip of the waste mask is removed are uniformly made into fragments without separating the cover body from the rubber band, and the energy consumption and pressure of the post-treatment of medical waste and biomass waste can be reduced;
(2) 100% of raw materials of the polypropylene-based composite material are derived from waste, so that the recovery efficiency of the waste is greatly improved, and the cyclic utilization of resources is promoted; the cost of raw materials is basically 0, and even certain treatment cost can be collected from manufacturers producing the wastes, so that the total preparation cost of the composite material is reduced, and the large-scale production is facilitated;
(3) the method has simple process, does not need to carry out additional disinfection and sterilization treatment on the waste mask, carries out melt blending processing at high temperature, and can simultaneously complete uniform mixing of raw materials and disinfection and sterilization of the raw materials in the high-temperature melting stage;
(4) the mask body component of the waste mask as the raw material matrix is high-fluidity polypropylene resin, and when the composite material is prepared in the melt blending processing process, due to the low melt viscosity of the high-fluidity polypropylene resin, the biomass reinforced filler is convenient to add and can be uniformly dispersed in the composite material matrix, so that the method does not need to additionally add any processing aids such as a dispersing agent, a plasticizer, a lubricating agent, a compatilizer and the like, the preparation cost of the composite material is further reduced, the production flow is simplified, and the environmental pollution in the production process is reduced;
(5) the polyurethane elastic band of the waste mask is used as the toughening agent of the polypropylene non-woven fabric mask body, and the finally prepared polypropylene-based composite material has good impact resistance without adding a beta nucleating agent and a compatilizer, so that the preparation cost of the composite material is reduced; when the content of the polyurethane hanging rope is below 10 wt%, the toughening effect on the polypropylene non-woven fabric cover body is very obvious, and because the content of the polyurethane is less, a compatilizer is not required to be additionally added, so that the cost is increased;
(6) the waste loofah sponge and the saw dust are used as biomass filler to reinforce the polypropylene matrix to obtain the polypropylene-based composite material, and the waste loofah sponge and the saw dust contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin, so that the polypropylene-based composite material has high molecular weight on a microscopic scale and high crystallinity, molecular chains have high rigidity due to strong hydrogen bonding, and the two filler powders have large length-diameter ratio on a macroscopic scale, so that the polypropylene-based composite material has a good reinforcing effect on the polypropylene matrix material.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the numerical values set forth in these examples do not limit the scope of the invention. Techniques, methods known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
The waste mask used in the following embodiment is a collected waste disposable common mask, and is subjected to centralized treatment to remove the nose bridge strip, and the nose bridge strip can be recycled or discarded; the remainder was subjected to the following experiments in examples.
Example 1
The polypropylene-based composite material integrally derived from waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of a mask body and an elastic band of the waste mask, and 20 parts of waste loofah (the granularity is 1 mm);
the preparation method of the polypropylene-based composite material wholly derived from waste comprises the following steps:
s1, removing a nose bridge strip from the waste mask, making the rest mask body and the elastic band into fragments to obtain waste mask fragments, and drying the waste mask fragments for later use;
s2, carrying out melt blending processing on the dried waste mask fragments and the waste loofah sponge by using an internal mixing extruder, wherein the internal mixing extruder comprises an internal mixing processing unit and an extrusion processing unit, the materials are placed in the internal mixing processing unit, the internal mixing processing unit is an internal mixer, internal mixing processing is carried out at the rotating speed of 190 ℃ and 80rpm, the materials after internal mixing are automatically turned into a hopper of the extrusion processing unit, the extrusion processing unit is a single-screw extruder, the feeding speed is adjusted to 40rpm, and extrusion processing is carried out at the temperature of 190 ℃ and the rotating speed of a screw of 110 rpm; and granulating after the extrusion processing is finished, and finally preparing the polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste.
Example 2
The polypropylene-based composite material integrally derived from waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of a mask body and an elastic band of the waste mask and 10 parts of sawdust (the granularity is 2.5 mm);
the preparation method of the polypropylene-based composite material wholly derived from waste comprises the following steps:
s1, removing a nose bridge strip from the waste mask, making the rest mask body and the elastic band into fragments to obtain waste mask fragments, and drying the waste mask fragments for later use;
s2, carrying out melt blending processing on the dried waste mask fragments and sawdust by using an internal mixing extruder, wherein the internal mixing extruder comprises an internal mixing processing unit and an extrusion processing unit, the materials are placed in the internal mixing processing unit, the internal mixing processing unit is an internal mixer, internal mixing processing is carried out at the rotating speed of 200 ℃ and 70rpm, the materials after internal mixing are automatically turned into a hopper of the extrusion processing unit, the extrusion processing unit is a single-screw extruder, the feeding speed is adjusted to be 60rpm, and extrusion processing is carried out at the temperature of 200 ℃ and the rotating speed of 80rpm of a screw; and granulating after the extrusion processing is finished, and finally preparing the polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste.
Example 3
The polypropylene-based composite material integrally derived from waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95 parts of a mask body and an elastic band of the waste mask, 5 parts of waste loofah sponge and sawdust (the mass ratio of the waste loofah sponge to the sawdust is 1:1, wherein the granularity of the waste loofah sponge is 0.1mm, and the granularity of the sawdust is 0.8 mm);
the preparation method of the polypropylene-based composite material wholly derived from waste comprises the following steps:
s1, removing a nose bridge strip from the waste mask, making the rest mask body and the elastic band into fragments to obtain waste mask fragments, and drying the waste mask fragments for later use;
s2, carrying out melt blending processing on the dried waste mask fragments, waste loofah sponge and saw dust by using an internal mixing extruder, wherein the internal mixing extruder comprises an internal mixing processing unit and an extrusion processing unit, the materials are placed in the internal mixing processing unit, the internal mixing processing unit is an internal mixer, internal mixing processing is carried out at the rotating speed of 170 ℃ and 60rpm, the materials are automatically turned into a hopper of the extrusion processing unit after internal mixing is finished, the extrusion processing unit is a single-screw extruder, the feeding speed is adjusted to be 30rpm, and extrusion processing is carried out at the temperature of 170 ℃ and the rotating speed of a screw of 90 rpm; and granulating after the extrusion processing is finished, and finally preparing the polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste.
The melt index of the polypropylene material of the mask body part is relatively large due to the difference of polypropylene non-woven fabrics caused by different manufacturers of the masks when the mask body part obtained by removing the nose bridge strip in the above embodiment is tested, but the melt index of the polypropylene material of the mask body part is within the range of 50g/10 min-3000 g/10min according to a large amount of test data. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, after the nose bridge strips are removed from a large amount of collected waste masks, the masks and the elastic bands are directly unified into fragments (manually sheared or mechanically crushed), separation is not needed, and the melt index does not need to be measured.
The polypropylene-based composites, wholly derived from waste, obtained in the above examples were tested for tensile strength and impact strength according to the current national standards of GB-T1040.1 and GBT 1843, and the data are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-3 formulations and Properties of Polypropylene-based composites derived entirely from waste
As can be seen from Table 1, the polypropylene-based composite material is prepared by using the cover body as a base material, using the mixed elastic band as a toughening agent and adding the biomass filler as a reinforcing agent, and the polypropylene-based composite material with good impact resistance and tensile strength can be obtained without adding a beta nucleating agent, a compatilizer and other additives, so that the preparation cost of the polypropylene composite material is reduced. The mask body of the waste mask is made of non-woven fabric made of high-fluidity polypropylene resin, the elastic band is made of polyurethane elastomer, the weight of the mask body of the common waste mask is about 5g, the weight of the hanging rope is about 0.3 g-0.5 g, and the weight of the mask body is larger for the N95 mask with better protective performance, so that the content of the polyurethane hanging rope in the mask body is basically below 10 wt%, and the embodiment proves that: when the content of the polyurethane elastic band is below 10 wt%, the toughening effect on the polypropylene non-woven fabric cover body is very obvious, so that a compatilizer is not required to be additionally added to increase the cost.
The raw materials of the invention are 100% from wastes, which not only can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by wastes, but also can obtain the polypropylene-based composite material with better mechanical property; in addition, the raw material cost is low, the ecological and economic benefits are good, the environment pollution and resource shortage problems are solved, and the industrial large-scale popularization is facilitated.
The melt index of the polypropylene material of the mask body part is relatively large due to the difference of the polypropylene non-woven fabrics caused by different manufacturers of the masks when the mask body part obtained by removing the nose bridge strip in the above embodiment is tested, but the melt index of the polypropylene material of the mask body part is within the range of 50g/10 min-3000 g/10min according to a large amount of test data, but the invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, after the nose bridge strips are removed from a large amount of collected waste masks, the masks and the elastic bands are directly unified into fragments (manually sheared or mechanically crushed), separation is not needed, and the melt index does not need to be measured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70 to 95 portions of the cover body and the elastic band of the waste mask,
5-30 parts of waste biomass filler.
2. The waste-derived polypropylene-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cover is made of a nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene resin, and the melt index of the nonwoven fabric is 50g/10min to 3000g/10 min.
3. The waste-derived polypropylene-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the rubber band is polyurethane elastomer.
4. The waste-derived polypropylene-based composite material of claim 1, wherein the elastic band is less than 10% by weight of the shell.
5. The waste-derived polypropylene-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste biomass filler is waste loofah powder and/or sawdust.
6. The waste-derived polypropylene-based composite material as a whole according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the particle size of the waste biomass filler is 0.05mm to 5 mm.
7. A method for preparing a polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, removing a nose bridge strip from the waste mask, making the rest mask body and the elastic band into fragments to obtain waste mask fragments, and drying the waste mask fragments for later use;
and S2, carrying out melt blending processing on the dried waste mask fragments and the waste biomass filler, and granulating to obtain the polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the melt blending process comprises banburying followed by extrusion.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the melt blending process is performed by using an internal mixer extruder, and the internal mixer extruder comprises an internal mixing unit and an extrusion unit.
10. The preparation method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the banburying processing is performed at a rotation speed of 60-90 rpm and a temperature of 170-210 ℃; the feeding speed of the extrusion processing is 30-60 rpm, the processing temperature is 170-210 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 80-200 rpm.
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| CN202010571658.3A CN111732787A (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2020-06-22 | Polypropylene-based composite material entirely derived from waste and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114106460A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-01 | 江苏理工学院 | Method for preparing composite material with isolation function network structure after treatment of micro-plastics in wastewater |
| CN114182384A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-15 | 长安大学 | Method for converting waste mask into regenerated polypropylene fiber |
| CN115569966A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-06 | 山东金利特新材料有限责任公司 | Recycling method of waste filter element |
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Cited By (4)
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Application publication date: 20201002 |