CN111732413A - High-strength electric porcelain material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength electric porcelain material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111732413A
CN111732413A CN202010551686.9A CN202010551686A CN111732413A CN 111732413 A CN111732413 A CN 111732413A CN 202010551686 A CN202010551686 A CN 202010551686A CN 111732413 A CN111732413 A CN 111732413A
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calcined
powder
industrial alumina
alumina powder
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黄学辉
李杰康
陈微
李晓博
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength electric porcelain material and a preparation method thereof. The electric porcelain material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 1-33 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10-12 parts of kaolin, 34-36 parts of combined clay, 15-20 parts of feldspar powder and 2-4 parts of barium carbonate, wherein the total parts of the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder and the pre-calcined quartz powder are 29-41 parts. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively precalcining industrial alumina powder and quartz powder, then mixing all the raw materials, ball-milling, sieving, press-forming, removing glue, and sintering to obtain the electroceramic material. The electric porcelain material has the advantages of simple components, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, low cost, high bending strength and breakdown strength and good reliability.

Description

High-strength electric porcelain material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength electric porcelain material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-voltage transmission system has large demand on electric porcelain, has high requirement on the reliability of operation safety, and the performance and the quality of the electric porcelain products depend on the formula and the sintering process of blanks to a great extent, so the reasonably designed formula is particularly important for manufacturing high-strength electric porcelain.
At present, the research on high-voltage, ultrahigh-voltage and extra-high-voltage electric porcelain materials at home and abroad almost focuses on improving the performance of the porcelain materials, particularly the strength, the pollution resistance, the arc resistance, the steep slope performance and the corona resistance of the materials on the basis of high-alumina porcelain. The patent 2017113328450 discloses a porcelain insulator and a preparation method thereof, the porcelain insulator comprises 40-60 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts of aluminum oxide, 8-10 parts of opal, 8-10 parts of magnesium carbonate, 5-8 parts of kaolinite, 5-8 parts of sodium oxide, 5-8 parts of potassium oxide, 5-8 parts of diatomite, 3-5 parts of bismuth oxide, 3-5 parts of zirconium oxide, 3-5 parts of cerium oxide, 1-3 parts of lithium carbonate, 1-3 parts of barium carbonate and 0.5-1 part of titanium dioxide, and the obtained porcelain insulator is expansion-resistant and cracking-resistant, and has strong bending strength, high breaking strength and excellent electric breakdown strength, but the porcelain insulator is complex in component, expensive in raw material price, complex in preparation method, high in cost and not beneficial to popularization and application. Therefore, the electric porcelain material with simple components, excellent performance, low cost and simple process needs to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength electric porcelain material and a preparation method thereof. The electric porcelain material has the advantages of simple components, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, low cost, high bending strength and breakdown strength and good reliability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the high-strength electric porcelain material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 1-33 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10-12 parts of kaolin, 34-36 parts of bonding clay, 15-20 parts of feldspar powder and 2-4 parts of barium carbonate, wherein the total parts of the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder and the pre-calcined quartz powder are 29-41 parts.
According to the scheme, 28-31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder and 1-5 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder.
According to the scheme, the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder is calcined at 1280-1320 ℃ for 2-3 h; the pre-calcined quartz powder is prepared by calcining quartz powder at 580-600 ℃ for 2-3 h.
The preparation method of the high-strength electric porcelain material comprises the following steps:
1) respectively precalcining industrial alumina powder and quartz powder;
2) mixing 1-31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 1-33 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10-12 parts of kaolin, 34-36 parts of combined clay, 15-20 parts of feldspar powder and 2-4 parts of barium carbonate, then carrying out ball milling, sieving and compression molding, wherein the total parts of the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder and the pre-calcined quartz powder are 29-41 parts;
3) carrying out glue removal on the molded sample obtained in the step 2);
4) sintering the de-glued sample obtained in the step 3) at the temperature of 1240-1300 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 hours to obtain the high-strength electric porcelain material.
According to the scheme, in the step 1), the industrial alumina powder is pre-calcined as follows: calcining at 1280-1320 ℃ for 2-3 h; the quartz powder is pre-calcined as follows: calcining for 2-3 h at 580-600 ℃.
According to the scheme, in the step 2), a planetary ball mill is adopted for ball milling for 10-12 hours, PVA binder is added after drying, grinding and sieving are carried out, and the sieving allowance is controlled to be 1-3%.
According to the scheme, in the step 3), the glue discharging temperature is 580-600 ℃, the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
According to the scheme, in the step 4), the heating rate is 8-10 ℃/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-strength electric ceramic material provided by the invention adopts a novel aluminum high-strength electric ceramic formula of calcined industrial alumina powder, calcined quartz powder combined with kaolin, clay combined with feldspar powder and barium carbonate, the calcined industrial alumina powder is added with a stable corundum phase, and the calcined quartz powder is reduced by β -SiO2The content of the components reduces microcracks, and the cooperation of mullite phase and corundum phase in the system realizesThe electric ceramic material has high strength and high reliability, the components of the electric ceramic material are simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the bending strength and the breakdown strength of the electric ceramic material can respectively reach 146Mpa and 43 kv/mm.
2. The invention fully converts the alumina into stable alpha-Al by pre-calcining the industrial alumina powder in advance2O3Simultaneously pre-calcining the quartz powder to obtain β -SiO2Reduce the content of β -SiO in the electroceramic material as much as possible2The piezoelectric effect of the ceramic material produces micro-cracks, and then the raw materials are mixed, ball-milled, sieved, formed, binder removed and sintered to obtain the electroceramic material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a high-strength electroceramic material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the high-strength electroceramic material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the high-strength electroceramic material prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of the high-strength electroceramic materials prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-strength electric porcelain material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1 part of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 33 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10 parts of kaolin, 34 parts of bonding clay, 19 parts of feldspar powder and 3 parts of barium carbonate.
Based on the material formula, the preparation method of the high-strength electric porcelain material is provided, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the industrial alumina powder is pre-sintered for 2 hours at about 1300 ℃ to fully convert the alumina into stable alpha-Al2O3Pre-burning quartz powder at 600 deg.c for 2 hr to obtain β -SiO2Reduce the content of β -SiO in the electroceramic material as much as possible2Micro-cracks are generated due to the piezoelectric effect of (a).
Step two: mixing pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, pre-calcined quartz powder, kaolin, combined clay, feldspar powder and barium carbonate additive according to the formula proportion, carrying out ball milling for 10 hours in a planetary ball mill at the speed of 30r/mim, using absolute ethyl alcohol as a grinding medium, then putting into an oven to dry alcohol, putting into a mortar to grind after complete drying, simultaneously adding 1 drop of PVA binder into each gram of powder, grinding and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, and controlling the sieving allowance to be 1%;
step three: and pressing the powder obtained in the second step into a rectangular sample with the diameter of 3mm x 4mm x 35mm and a round sample with the diameter of 10mm and the thickness of about 1mm by using a semi-dry pressing forming method, and then drying in an oven.
Step four: and (3) heating the sample prepared in the third step to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h for removing the glue.
Step five: and sintering the sample strips with the glue at the temperature of 1270 ℃, and preserving the heat for 3 hours to obtain the high-strength electric porcelain material.
Example 2
A high-strength electric porcelain material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 23 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10 parts of kaolin, 35 parts of bonding clay, 19 parts of feldspar powder and 3 parts of barium carbonate.
The specific steps of the preparation method of the high-strength electric porcelain material are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
A high-strength electric porcelain material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 1 part of pre-calcined quartz powder, 12 parts of kaolin, 36 parts of bonding clay, 18 parts of feldspar powder and 3 parts of barium carbonate.
The preparation method of the high-strength electric porcelain material is provided, the specific steps are the same as the example 1, and the sintering temperature is 1210 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1270 ℃, 1300 ℃ and 1330 ℃.
Table 1 shows the shrinkage rates of the electric porcelain materials prepared in example 3 at the sintering temperatures of 1210 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1270 ℃, 1300 ℃ and 1330 ℃, and it can be seen from Table 1 that the electric porcelain material has a wide sintering temperature range and is beneficial to sintering products.
TABLE 1 Linear shrinkage of the electroceramic materials obtained in example 3 at 5 different temperature points
Sintering temperature (. degree. C.) 1210 1240 1270 1300 1330
Linear shrinkage rate 6.1％ 7.5％ 7.8％ 7.9％ 7.7％
Table 2 shows the data of the property tests of the electric porcelain materials prepared in examples 1-3, wherein the sintering temperature in example 3 was 1270 ℃. As can be seen from Table 2, as the content of the commercial alumina was gradually increased, the flexural strength, the breakdown strength and the density of the test pieces were all increased.
TABLE 2 Performance test data for the electroceramic materials prepared in examples 1-3
Examples Bending strength (Mpa) Breakdown strength (kv/mm) Density (g/cm)3)
Example 1 131 37 2.57
Example 2 142 39 2.61
Example 3 146 43 2.64
FIGS. 1 to 3 are scanning electron micrographs of the electroceramic materials prepared in examples 1 to 3, respectively, wherein the sintering temperature in example 3 was chosen to be 1270 ℃. It can be seen from the figure that as the content of the industrial alumina increases, the acicular mullite phase gradually increases, the pores decrease and the structure is more compact.
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of the electroceramic materials prepared in examples 1-3, wherein the sintering temperature was selected to be 1270 ℃ in example 3. It can be seen that the diffraction peak of the mullite phase gradually increases with increasing alumina content.

Claims (8)

1. The high-strength electric porcelain material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 1-31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 1-33 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10-12 parts of kaolin, 34-36 parts of bonding clay, 15-20 parts of feldspar powder and 2-4 parts of barium carbonate, wherein the total parts of the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder and the pre-calcined quartz powder are 29-41 parts.
2. The high-strength electric porcelain material according to claim 1, wherein the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder is 28 to 31 parts, and the pre-calcined quartz powder is 1 to 5 parts.
3. The high-strength electric porcelain material according to claim 1, wherein the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder is an industrial alumina powder calcined at 1280-1320 ℃ for 2-3 h; the pre-calcined quartz powder is prepared by calcining quartz powder at 580-600 ℃ for 2-3 h.
4. A method for preparing the high-strength electroceramic material according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
1) respectively precalcining industrial alumina powder and quartz powder;
2) mixing 1-31 parts of pre-calcined industrial alumina powder, 1-33 parts of pre-calcined quartz powder, 10-12 parts of kaolin, 34-36 parts of combined clay, 15-20 parts of feldspar powder and 2-4 parts of barium carbonate, then carrying out ball milling, sieving and compression molding, wherein the total parts of the pre-calcined industrial alumina powder and the pre-calcined quartz powder are 29-41 parts;
3) carrying out glue removal on the molded sample obtained in the step 2);
4) sintering the de-glued sample obtained in the step 3) at the temperature of 1240-1300 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 hours to obtain the high-strength electric porcelain material.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1), the industrial alumina powder is pre-calcined to: calcining at 1280-1320 ℃ for 2-3 h; the quartz powder is pre-calcined as follows: calcining for 2-3 h at 580-600 ℃.
6. The preparation method of claim 4, wherein in the step 2), a planetary ball mill is used for ball milling for 10-12 hours, a PVA binder is added after drying, grinding and sieving are carried out, and the sieving allowance is controlled to be 1-3%.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3), the binder removal temperature is 580-600 ℃, the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4), the temperature rise rate is 8-10 ℃/min.
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