CN111728298A - High-synchronization oxygen supply breathing device, breathing monitoring system and method - Google Patents
High-synchronization oxygen supply breathing device, breathing monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
- A41D13/1107—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape
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- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of respiratory protection articles and respiratory monitoring, and discloses a high-synchronous oxygen supply respiratory device, a respiratory monitoring system and a method, which solve the problems of low comfort and single function of the traditional mask. The breathing device comprises a cover body, a power module arranged on the cover body, and a control panel, a fan, an alarm module and a throttling device which are electrically connected with the power module; the control panel is provided with a microcontroller, a data storage module, a data communication module and a fan driving module; the throttling device comprises a throttling element, and a pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor which are arranged on the throttling element; the signal input end of the fan driving module is connected with the microcontroller, and the signal output end of the fan driving module is connected with the fan; the signal output ends of the pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller is also connected with the data storage module, the data communication module and the alarm module. The breathing device of the invention is suitable for various people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of respiratory protection articles and respiratory monitoring, in particular to a highly-synchronous oxygen supply respiratory device, a respiratory monitoring system and a method.
Background
In the living and working environment of people, on one hand, various pollutants seriously threaten the quality of air and directly threaten the health of human beings. On the other hand, in recent years, various infectious respiratory diseases have been abused, which brings a great risk to the health of people. Therefore, more and more scenes need to be worn with masks.
The masks in the prior art are generally self-absorption filtering masks, and need to be breathed by a human body and filtered by airflow driven by lung. It has the following drawbacks:
(1) dyspnea:
because the leakproofness of gauze mask is strong, the user will overcome the resistance of gauze mask to the air and inhale external air, will feel the difficulty of breathing in, and the gas of exhaling is sheltered from by the gauze mask, can't discharge smoothly to the external environment in, will feel the vexation, hold back even, therefore the travelling comfort is low.
(2) The function is single:
the mask only has the basic functions of filtering pm2.5 and dust or blocking spray, does not have the functions of monitoring and adjusting temperature and humidity, and does not have the functions of uploading and analyzing respiratory data of a user for evaluating and early warning disease risks.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the high-synchronization oxygen supply breathing device, the breathing monitoring system and the method are provided, and the problems of low comfort and single function of the traditional mask are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a high-synchronization oxygen supply breathing device, which comprises a cover body, a power module arranged on the cover body, and a control panel, a fan, an alarm module and a throttling device which are electrically connected with the power module; the control panel is provided with a microcontroller, a data storage module, a data communication module and a fan driving module; the throttling device comprises a throttling element, and a pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor which are arranged on the throttling element;
the signal input end of the fan driving module is connected with the microcontroller, and the signal output end of the fan driving module is connected with the fan; the signal output ends of the pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller is also connected with the data storage module, the data communication module and the alarm module;
the fan is used for driving outside air to enter the cover body;
the pressure sensor is used for measuring the air passage pressure value in the cover body and outputting the air passage pressure value to the microcontroller;
the pressure difference sensor is used for measuring the flow value of the air passage in the cover body and outputting the flow value to the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is used for calculating a PID output value according to the air passage pressure value and the set pressure expected value, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and controlling the fan driving module to adjust the rotating speed of the fan so as to adjust the air passage pressure; and identifying the respiratory process of the user according to the airway flow value, so as to process the respiratory process.
As a further optimization, the device further comprises a humidifier; the humidifier is used for heating and/or humidifying air entering the cover body.
As further optimization, the device also comprises a monitoring device arranged on the cover body corresponding to the mouth and nose, wherein the monitoring device is connected with the power module and the microcontroller and is used for detecting the temperature and humidity of air in the cover body and exhaled gas components; microcontroller still is used for controlling the humidifier and recording respiratory data through data storage module according to the air temperature that detects, humidity, will through data communication module respiratory data transmission gives external terminal or APP.
As a further optimization, the respiratory data includes respiratory state, exhaled gas composition, air temperature in the mask body, humidity, airway pressure value, and airway flow value data.
As further optimization, the fan is embedded in the cover body, the air outlet of the fan faces the cover body, the humidifier is arranged on the outer side of the fan, and the throttling device is arranged on the inner side of the fan.
As a further optimization, the humidifier comprises a humidification tank and a heating chip, wherein a fog discharging hole is formed in one side, close to the air inlet of the fan, of the humidification tank, and the heating chip is arranged on the outer wall of the humidification tank and connected with the power supply module and the microcontroller.
As a further optimization, the alarm module is a buzzer and is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the cover body.
As a further optimization, the power module is a battery, and the battery and the control panel are both arranged at the upper part of the inner wall of the cover body.
As a further optimization, the microcontroller calculates the PID output value using a fractional order PID controller.
As a further optimization, the respiratory process processing comprises: tidal volume calculation, respiratory trigger recognition, respiratory state conversion, and when low ventilation or apnea occurs, pressure expectation value is adjusted according to the current respiratory state.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a respiration monitoring system, which includes the respiration device, a mobile client and a remote medical server; the breathing device is in network connection with a mobile client through a data communication module of the breathing device and is used for transmitting breathing data to the mobile client, and the mobile client is in network connection with the remote medical server and is used for uploading the breathing data to the remote medical server.
As further optimization, the data communication module comprises a Bluetooth module and a serial port communication module, and the breathing device is connected with the mobile client through a Bluetooth network established by the Bluetooth module.
As further optimization, the system further comprises an upper computer, wherein the breathing device is communicated with the upper computer through a serial port communication module and used for transmitting breathing data to the upper computer.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a respiration monitoring method, comprising: a pressure control process and a breath identification and processing process;
the pressure control process includes:
calculating a PID output value by combining a set pressure expected value according to the measured air passage pressure value of the cover body, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and controlling a fan driving module to adjust the rotating speed of the fan so as to adjust the air passage pressure;
the breath identification and processing process comprises the following steps:
identifying the respiratory process of the user according to the measured airway flow value so as to perform respiratory process treatment, comprising: tidal volume calculation, respiratory trigger recognition, respiratory state conversion, and when low ventilation or apnea occurs, pressure expectation value is adjusted according to the current respiratory state.
As a further optimization, the breath identification and processing process specifically includes:
a. the airway flow value measured by the differential pressure sensor is read regularly by setting a breath identification and processing task;
b. switching the respiratory state according to the airway flow value and the flow oscillogram during normal respiration of a person;
c. judging whether the breath triggering is successful according to different breath states and the current airway flow value, if so, entering a step d, otherwise, entering a step e;
d. processing tidal volume and calculating respiratory parameters, judging whether a low ventilation event occurs according to the tidal volume, if so, generating an alarm, recording the low ventilation event, and entering the step f; otherwise, entering step g;
e. detecting apnea according to the current airway flow value and a flow oscillogram of a person during apnea, if apnea is detected, generating an alarm, recording an apnea event, and entering the step f; otherwise, ending the flow;
f. adjusting the expected pressure value according to the current breathing state, and entering step g;
g. and switching the expiratory pressure and the inspiratory pressure according to the current respiratory cycle, and recording the respiratory data of the previous respiratory cycle.
As a further optimization, before step a, the method further comprises:
a0. the method for calibrating the relation between the measurement pressure difference and the flow of the pressure difference sensor comprises the following steps:
the air outlet of the cover body is connected to an input interface of an airflow analyzer through a breathing hose, and an output interface of the airflow analyzer is communicated with air through the breathing hose;
setting different driving PWM duty ratios of the fan through a program, adjusting the flow of an air passage output by the breathing device, and recording the measured value of the differential pressure sensor and the actual flow value displayed by the air flow analyzer at the moment to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding values of differential pressure-flow;
and (3) performing curve fitting by using MATLAB software to obtain a conversion relation between flow and pressure difference, and programming the conversion relation in a respiratory recognition and processing task to realize, namely calibrating the measured value of the pressure difference sensor as an airway flow value.
As a further optimization, the pressure control process specifically includes:
and 3, judging whether the actual air passage pressure value exceeds a preset limit range, if so, judging that the pressure is abnormal and giving an alarm, otherwise, calculating a PID output value according to fractional PID control, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and outputting the fan driving control quantity to a fan driving module.
As a further optimization, the calculation formula for calculating the PID output value according to the fractional PID control is:
wherein u ismIs the PID output value, Kp、Ki、KdThe parameters of the controller can be obtained through setting by a parameter setting method; q. q.s-λ,lThe coefficients are Grunwald-Letnicov coefficients; e.g. of the typemTo use the sequence tmSystematic error obtained by sampling, em＝rm-ymThe difference between the standard pressure value given by the system and the actual airway pressure output value; n min { m, L }, where L refers to the number of samples in the time window.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the positive pressure ventilation in the mask body is ensured by monitoring the pressure in the mask body in real time and intelligently controlling the fan to regulate the pressure through fractional PID, so that the passive assisted respiration is changed into active assisted respiration;
(2) the temperature and the humidity in the cover body are monitored and intelligently controlled through temperature and humidity monitoring, and the comfort of the breathing device is improved;
(3) the respiratory process recognition technology based on flow triggering is adopted, so that the respiratory process is processed, the expected value of the treatment pressure can be adjusted according to the respiratory state, a good man-machine synchronization effect is achieved, and the comfort of the mask body is further improved;
(4) the breathing device can be connected with the mobile phone terminal or the upper computer through the data communication module, so that breathing data are uploaded, monitoring and diagnosis of the health of a user are facilitated, and in addition, the breathing data can be uploaded to a remote medical server through the mobile phone terminal, so that remote medical monitoring and diagnosis functions are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the circuitry of a respiratory device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a respiratory device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a respiratory device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a breath identification and processing procedure;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a pressure control process;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fractional order PID control.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a high-synchronization oxygen supply breathing device, a breathing monitoring system and a method, and solves the problems of low comfort and single function of the traditional mask. The core idea is as follows: through the design of the cover body, the cover body has the function of monitoring the pressure and the airflow inside the cover body, and the fan can be intelligently controlled through fractional order PID to adjust the pressure, so that positive pressure ventilation in the cover body is ensured, and passive assisted respiration is changed into active assisted respiration; the respiratory process can be identified through monitoring the airflow, so that respiratory process processing such as tidal volume calculation, respiratory trigger identification, respiratory state conversion, alarm during low ventilation or respiratory pause and the like can be carried out, the expected value of treatment pressure can be adjusted according to the respiratory state, and a good man-machine synchronization effect is achieved; in addition, the breathing device can monitor and regulate the temperature and the humidity, so that the comfort of the breathing device is improved; the exhaled gas components can be analyzed, the analysis result is used as a part of the respiratory data, and the respiratory data are uploaded to an external terminal or remote medical service through a communication module of the breathing device, so that the real-time monitoring and remote medical monitoring and diagnosis functions of the health condition of a user are facilitated. Therefore, the breathing device has the characteristics of intelligence and high comfort level.
Example (b):
in order to realize the intellectualization and high comfort of the breathing device, the breathing device in the embodiment integrates a circuit system into a cover body, wherein the circuit system comprises a power supply module, and a control board, a fan, an alarm module and a throttling device which are electrically connected with the power supply module; the control panel is provided with a microcontroller, a data storage module, a data communication module and a fan driving module; the throttling device comprises a throttling element, and a pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor which are arranged on the throttling element;
the signal input end of the fan driving module is connected with the microcontroller, and the signal output end of the fan driving module is connected with the fan; the signal output ends of the pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller is also connected with the data storage module, the data communication module and the alarm module;
the fan is used for driving outside air to enter the cover body;
the pressure sensor is used for measuring the air passage pressure value in the cover body and outputting the air passage pressure value to the microcontroller;
the pressure difference sensor is used for measuring the flow value of the air passage in the cover body and outputting the flow value to the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is used for calculating a PID output value according to the air passage pressure value and the set pressure expected value, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and controlling the fan driving module to adjust the rotating speed of the fan so as to adjust the air passage pressure; and identifying the respiratory process of the user according to the airway flow value, so as to process the respiratory process.
The system principle is shown in figure 1: the microcontroller controls the brushless direct current motor through the fan driving module, the motor operates to drive outside air to enter the cover body, then the outside air is heated and humidified through the humidifier, when the outside air flows through the throttling device, the pressure sensor and the pressure difference sensor can measure the pressure value and the flow value of an air passage in the cover body, and then the monitoring device in the cover body can monitor the temperature, the humidity and the gas components in the cover body. And the storage module on the control panel can store diagnosis breathing data, can read the data analysis user condition of storage module, and communication module can upload the detection data to external terminal and APP and do further analysis and diagnosis.
Specifically, the following is a description of the implementation of each part of the system:
the microcontroller can adopt STM32F407, a micro C/OS-II real-time operating system is transplanted to the chip, and functions of pressure control, breath identification and processing, data storage, man-machine interaction, data communication and the like can be completed through multi-task scheduling.
Regarding pressure control, the invention adopts a fractional order PID controller, after a system measures the air passage pressure value in the cover body through a pressure sensor, the system calculates a PID output value by combining a set treatment pressure expected value, and after the PID output value is converted into a fan driving control quantity, the fan driving module is controlled through PWM of a timer, so that the adjustment of the air passage pressure is completed.
Regarding the respiratory identification and processing of the system, the invention adopts the respiratory process identification technology based on flow triggering. The system measures the flow value in the cover body through the differential pressure sensor and flow curve fitting, thereby identifying and processing the breathing process.
A data storage module: the memory function for realizing data comprises SD card memory and EEPROM memory. The SD card is used for storing respiratory data in the diagnosis of the respiratory device, so that doctors can conveniently read the SD card data through upper computer software and analyze the treatment condition of patients, and thus, the treatment scheme is improved. The EEPROM is used to store breathing apparatus configuration parameters such as: a temperature and humidity configuration within the enclosure, an initial desired treatment pressure configuration, and the like.
A data communication module: the system is used for establishing communication with the outside and carrying out data transmission; the breathing device is in network communication with the mobile client through Bluetooth, sends breathing data and set parameters in the diagnosis process to the mobile client in real time, is convenient for a user to check, and uploads the data to a remote medical server through the mobile client, so that remote medical monitoring and diagnosis functions are realized; meanwhile, the user can use the mobile client to remotely control the breathing device, control the breathing device to be started and closed, modify the parameter set value of the breathing device and the like. In addition, the breathing device can also communicate with an upper computer through a serial port to USB port, the breathing data in the diagnosis process is sent to the upper computer in real time, and upper computer software draws a breathing pressure/flow curve and produces a breathing report, so that a doctor can conveniently analyze and diagnose.
A throttling device: the device is used for measuring an airway flow value and a pressure value; the gas flow regulating device comprises a throttling element, and a pressure difference sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the throttling element, wherein when gas flows through the throttling element, a pressure difference is formed at two ends of the throttling element, and the pressure difference is positively correlated with a flow value of an air passage. The system adopts a differential pressure sensor to measure the pressure difference at the two ends of the throttling element, and then the flow value of the air passage can be calculated according to the calibrated pressure difference-flow relation. And the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure value on the air passage to realize pressure control.
A monitoring device: the mask comprises a temperature and humidity module and a gas component detection module, wherein the temperature and humidity and the gas component content in the mask body are mainly detected, then the optimal comfortable state of the temperature and humidity in the mask body is adjusted by controlling a heating chip, the gas component content is detected and stored in a storage module as a part of the breathing data of a user, and the data communication module sends the breathing data to a mobile phone or a remote upper computer for health diagnosis of the user.
An alarm module: the alarm prompt is carried out when the occurrence of hypoventilation or apnea is detected in the breath identification, and a buzzer and/or an indicator lamp can be adopted for realizing the alarm prompt.
As an optimized implementation manner, the structural design of the circuit system on the cover body is as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the fan 1 is embedded on the cover body, the air outlet of the fan 1 faces the inside of the cover body, the humidifier is arranged on the outer side of the fan 1, and the throttling device 6 is arranged on the inner side of the fan 1; the humidifier comprises an annular humidification tank 2 and a heating chip 3, wherein a fog discharging hole is formed in one side, close to an air inlet of the fan 1, of the annular humidification tank 2, and the heating chip 3 is arranged on the outer wall of the annular humidification tank 2 and connected with a power supply module and a microcontroller; the microcontroller, the motor driving module, the data storage module and the data communication module are integrated on the main control board 5, and the buzzer 8 is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the cover body and connected with the microcontroller; the power module supplies power for a circuit system of the breathing device, the power module can adopt a battery 4, and the battery 4 and the control panel 5 are both arranged at the upper part of the inner wall of the cover body. The monitoring device 7 is arranged on the cover body corresponding to the mouth and nose positions and used for detecting the temperature, humidity and exhaled gas components in the cover body. The parameters of each part of the above-mentioned circuit system used in the implementation are shown in table 1 below:
table 1: parts parameter table
| Name of component | Size and breadth | Weight (D) |
| |
Radius of 4cm | 35g |
| |
Outer diameter of 5cm | |
| Heating chip | ||
| 3 | 1cm* | 5g |
| Battery | ||
| 4 | 3*3*3cm | 10g |
| |
3*5cm | |
| Throttle device | ||
| 6 | 2*2cm | |
| Monitoring device | ||
| 7 | 2* | 5g |
| Buzzer | ||
| 8 | 1*1*1cm | 1g |
The mask body designed above is a common mask, and the weight of the mask body is not more than 100g, so that the mask is convenient to carry.
The respiration detection monitoring method in the embodiment mainly comprises two parts, namely a pressure control process and a respiration identification and processing process, which are specifically described as follows:
firstly, a pressure control process:
the pressure control is automatically realized by establishing a pressure control task, and the main functions of the pressure control task comprise: pressure measurement and recording, fractional PID pressure control and calculation of fan drive control quantity.
The calling period of the system clock hook function is 1ms, the pressure control task realizes the measurement of pressure in a strict waiting period by waiting for the message sent by the system clock hook function, and digital filtering is carried out on the pressure measurement value, namely the actual airway pressure value is recorded and serves as an important respiratory therapy parameter.
The breathing device can set different pressures according to different users, the pressure control task adopts fractional order PID control, according to the set pressure expected value and the actual air flue pressure value, the PID output value is calculated and converted into fan drive control quantity, and the fan drive module is controlled through the PWM of the timer to complete the regulation of the air flue pressure.
The pressure control task program flow is shown in fig. 5, the pressure control task reads the measured value of the pressure sensor at regular time, carries out scale conversion and digital filtering, records the actual airway pressure value after obtaining the actual airway pressure value, generates an alarm if the pressure is abnormal, and otherwise calculates the fan driving control quantity according to fractional PID control and outputs the fan driving control quantity to the fan driving module.
The invention adopts fractional order PID to control the brushless DC motor, compared with integral order PID control, the rotating speed of the brushless DC motor is more stable, the phenomena of pressure overshoot and oscillation are reduced, and the ventilation safety of the system and the comfort of a patient are improved. The principle of fractional order PID control is shown in FIG. 6, and the pressure regulation in the cover body is realized by controlling the rotating speed of the brushless DC motor, so that the system can be approximated to a second-order system, and parameter setting is carried out by using a horizontal phase method at the cut-off frequency to obtain fractional order PIλDμA model of the controller. Combining a time domain numerical method, a time domain discrete equation of the controller can be obtained, and the system samples the pressure value y of the air passage in the cover body at a regular T periodmAnd obtaining a pressure error sequence e by subtracting the set pressure valuemE is to bemSubstituting into the discrete equation of the controller to calculate the output pressure value u of the controllermAnd after the fan driving control quantity is converted, the fan driving module is controlled through PWM of the timer, and pressure adjustment is carried out.
According to Grunwald-Letnicov fractional calculus definition:
wherein, [ x ]]Meaning that x is rounded, h is the calculation step,
is a binomial coefficient;
when the step length h is sufficiently small, equation (1) can be approximated as:
wherein
qα,0＝1；
As can be seen from equation (2), the approximation uses all historical data points, and as t increases, n increases, resulting in an increased amount of computation. When the requirement on the control precision of the system is not high, early data points can be abandoned within a certain error allowable range, the data range is limited through a time window, and the calculation efficiency is improved. Thus, equation (2) can be further approximated as:
where L is the number of samples within the time window,
fractional order PI using equation (3)λDμThe time-domain differential equation of the controller is approximated and the sampling time sequence t is usedmDiscretizing to obtain a discrete equation:
wherein, Kp、Ki、KdQ, all parameters of the controller can be obtained by setting through a parameter setting method-λ,lThe coefficients are Grunwald-Letnicov coefficients; e.g. of the typemTo use the sequence tmSystematic error obtained by sampling, em＝rm-ymI.e. the difference between the system set point and the output value. N is min { m, L }.
Thus, the discrete sequence e will bemSubstitution formula (4) calculates output u of the available fractional order PID controllerm。
Secondly, a breath identification and processing process:
this part adopts the respiratory process technique based on flow trigger, according to the respiratory process of measuring air flue flow value discernment user to carry out respiratory process and handle, include: tidal volume calculation, respiratory trigger recognition, respiratory state conversion, and when low ventilation or apnea occurs, pressure expectation value is adjusted according to the current respiratory state.
The flow measurement adopts an indirect measurement mode, when gas flows through the throttling device on the inner side of the fan, pressure difference can be formed at two ends of the throttling device, and the pressure difference is positively correlated with the flow value of the air passage. After the pressure difference between the two ends of the throttling device is measured by adopting the pressure difference sensor, the flow value of the air passage can be calculated according to the calibrated pressure difference-flow relation.
The flow calibration adopts an MATLAB curve fitting method: the air outlet of the cover body is connected to an input interface of the airflow analyzer through a breathing hose, and an output interface of the airflow analyzer is communicated with air through the breathing hose. Different driving PWM duty ratios of the fan are set through programs, the flow of an air passage output by the breathing device can be adjusted, the measured value of the differential pressure sensor at the moment and the actual flow value displayed by the air flow analyzer are recorded, and the corresponding values of the multiple groups of differential pressure-flow can be obtained. And (3) performing curve fitting by using MATLAB software to obtain a conversion relation between flow and pressure difference, and programming the conversion relation in a respiratory recognition and processing task to realize, namely calibrating the measured value of the pressure difference sensor as an airway flow value.
After the pressure difference-flow calibration is completed, the respiration identification processing can be realized by establishing a respiration identification and processing task, and the flow is shown in fig. 4:
and the respiratory recognition and processing task reads the measurement value of the differential pressure sensor at regular time, and obtains the airway flow value after flow calibration.
In the man-machine synchronous respiration identification process, firstly, a flow value entering a human body is calculated, and according to the flow value, the respiratory state can be switched by combining a flow oscillogram during normal respiration of the human body.
Whether the respiratory triggering is successful or not can be judged according to different respiratory states and the current flow value, if the respiratory action is detected, the respiratory triggering is successful, the tidal volume processing and the calculation of respiratory parameters are carried out, whether a low ventilation event occurs or not is judged according to the tidal volume, if the low ventilation occurs, an alarm is generated, the low ventilation event is recorded, and the pressure expected value is adjusted according to the current respiratory state.
If no breathing action is detected, possibly due to failure of breathing trigger or occurrence of apnea, apnea detection is performed according to the current flow value in combination with a flow oscillogram of the person during apnea.
And if the occurrence of apnea is detected, generating an alarm, recording an apnea event, and adjusting the expected pressure value according to the current respiration state. And if the current flow value is combined with the respiratory state and does not accord with the flow waveform when the respiration of the person is suspended, triggering failure for respiration is carried out, and triggering failure treatment is carried out.
After the low ventilation detection and the apnea detection, the breath identification and processing task switches the expiratory pressure and the inspiratory pressure according to the current breathing cycle, and records the treatment data of the previous breathing cycle.
It should be noted that the cover body of the present invention may be designed in various forms, the structure and the outer shape described in the above embodiments are only one preferable implementation means of the present invention, the aspects of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the contents described in the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make equivalent modifications and substitutions on the basis of the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A high-synchronization oxygen supply breathing device comprises a cover body, and is characterized by also comprising a power module arranged on the cover body, and a control panel, a fan, an alarm module and a throttling device which are electrically connected with the power module; the control panel is provided with a microcontroller, a data storage module, a data communication module and a fan driving module; the throttling device comprises a throttling element, and a pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor which are arranged on the throttling element;
the signal input end of the fan driving module is connected with the microcontroller, and the signal output end of the fan driving module is connected with the fan; the signal output ends of the pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller is also connected with the data storage module, the data communication module and the alarm module;
the fan is used for driving outside air to enter the cover body;
the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure value of the air passage in the cover body and outputting the pressure value to the microcontroller;
the differential pressure sensor is used for measuring the flow value of the air channel in the cover body and outputting the flow value to the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is used for calculating a PID output value according to the air passage pressure value and the set pressure expected value, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and controlling the fan driving module to adjust the rotating speed of the fan so as to adjust the air passage pressure; and identifying the respiratory process of the user according to the airway flow value, so as to process the respiratory process.
2. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 1,
the device also includes a humidifier; the humidifier is used for heating and/or humidifying air entering the cover body.
3. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 2,
the device also comprises a monitoring device arranged on the cover body corresponding to the mouth and the nose, wherein the monitoring device is connected with the power supply module and the microcontroller and is used for detecting the temperature and humidity of air in the cover body and exhaled gas components; microcontroller still is used for controlling the humidifier and recording respiratory data through data storage module according to the air temperature that detects, humidity, will through data communication module respiratory data transmission gives external terminal or APP.
4. A highly synchronized ventilation breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 3,
the respiratory data includes respiratory state, exhaled gas composition, air temperature in the mask body, humidity, airway pressure value and airway flow value data.
5. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 2,
the fan is embedded in the cover body, the air outlet of the fan faces the cover body, the humidifier is arranged on the outer side of the fan, and the throttling device is arranged on the inner side of the fan.
6. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 5,
the humidifier comprises a humidifying tank and a heating chip, wherein a mist exhaust hole is formed in one side, close to the air inlet of the fan, of the humidifying tank, and the heating chip is arranged on the outer wall of the humidifying tank and connected with the power supply module and the microcontroller.
7. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 1,
the alarm module is a buzzer and is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the cover body.
8. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 1,
the power module is a battery, and the battery and the control panel are both arranged at the upper part of the inner wall of the cover body.
9. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to claim 1,
the microcontroller calculates the PID output value by adopting a fractional order PID controller.
10. The respiratory device with high synchronous oxygen supply according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
the respiratory process processing comprises: tidal volume calculation, respiratory trigger recognition, respiratory state conversion, and when low ventilation or apnea occurs, pressure expectation value is adjusted according to the current respiratory state.
11. A respiration monitoring system comprising a respiration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a mobile client and a telemedicine server; the breathing device is in network connection with a mobile client through a data communication module of the breathing device and is used for transmitting breathing data to the mobile client, and the mobile client is in network connection with the remote medical server and is used for uploading the breathing data to the remote medical server.
12. The respiratory monitoring system of claim 11,
the data communication module comprises a Bluetooth module and a serial port communication module, and the breathing device is connected with the mobile client through a Bluetooth network established by the Bluetooth module.
13. The respiratory monitoring system of claim 12,
the system further comprises an upper computer, wherein the breathing device is communicated with the upper computer through a serial port communication module and used for transmitting breathing data to the upper computer.
14. A respiration monitoring method applied to a respiration monitoring system according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
the method comprises the following steps: a pressure control process and a breath identification and processing process;
the pressure control process includes:
calculating a PID output value by combining a set pressure expected value according to the measured air passage pressure value in the cover body, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and controlling a fan driving module to adjust the rotating speed of the fan so as to adjust the air passage pressure;
the breath identification and processing process comprises the following steps:
identifying the respiratory process of the user according to the measured airway flow value so as to perform respiratory process treatment, comprising: tidal volume calculation, respiratory trigger recognition, respiratory state conversion, and when low ventilation or apnea occurs, pressure expectation value is adjusted according to the current respiratory state.
15. The respiratory monitoring method of claim 14,
the breath identification and processing process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the airway flow value measured by the differential pressure sensor is read regularly by setting a breath identification and processing task;
b. switching the respiratory state according to the airway flow value and the flow oscillogram during normal respiration of a person;
c. judging whether the breath triggering is successful according to different breath states and the current airway flow value, if so, entering a step d, otherwise, entering a step e;
d. processing tidal volume and calculating respiratory parameters, judging whether a low ventilation event occurs according to the tidal volume, if so, generating an alarm, recording the low ventilation event, and entering the step f; otherwise, entering step g;
e. detecting apnea according to the current airway flow value and a flow oscillogram of a person during apnea, if apnea is detected, generating an alarm, recording an apnea event, and entering the step f; otherwise, ending the flow;
f. adjusting the expected pressure value according to the current breathing state, and entering step g;
g. and switching the expiratory pressure and the inspiratory pressure according to the current respiratory cycle, and recording the respiratory data of the previous respiratory cycle.
16. The respiratory monitoring method of claim 15,
before step a, the method further comprises the following steps:
a0. the method for calibrating the relation between the measurement pressure difference and the flow of the pressure difference sensor comprises the following steps:
the air outlet of the cover body is connected to an input interface of an airflow analyzer through a breathing hose, and an output interface of the airflow analyzer is communicated with air through the breathing hose;
setting different driving PWM duty ratios of the fan through a program, adjusting the flow of an air passage output by the breathing device, and recording the measured value of the differential pressure sensor and the actual flow value displayed by the air flow analyzer at the moment to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding values of differential pressure-flow;
and (3) performing curve fitting by using MATLAB software to obtain a conversion relation between flow and pressure difference, and programming the conversion relation in a respiratory recognition and processing task to realize, namely calibrating the measured value of the pressure difference sensor as an airway flow value.
17. The respiratory monitoring method of claim 14,
the pressure control process specifically includes:
step 1, regularly reading a measured value of a pressure sensor by setting a pressure control task;
step 2, carrying out scale conversion and digital filtering on the measured value of the pressure sensor to obtain and record an actual airway pressure value;
and 3, judging whether the actual air passage pressure value exceeds a preset limit range, if so, judging that the pressure is abnormal and giving an alarm, otherwise, calculating a PID output value according to fractional PID control, converting the PID output value into a fan driving control quantity, and outputting the fan driving control quantity to a fan driving module.
18. The respiratory monitoring method of claim 17,
the calculation formula for calculating the PID output value according to the fractional PID control is as follows:
wherein u ismIs the PID output value, Kp、Ki、Kd、h-λ、h-μAll parameters are parameters of the controller and can be obtained by setting through a parameter setting method; q. q.s-λ,l、qμ，jAre Grunwald-Letnicov coefficients; e.g. of the typemTo use the sequence tmSystematic error obtained by sampling, em＝rm-ymThe difference between the standard pressure value given by the system and the actual airway pressure output value; n min { m, L }, where L refers to the number of samples in the time window.
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