CN111726987A - 产生用于害虫诱捕器的引诱剂的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种产生对一种或多种昆虫有吸引力的物质的系统/方法,其特征在于:容纳一群活的昆虫;向所述活的昆虫提供营养、食物或水的任何组合;从这群中去除有机物;和对所去除的有机物进行灭菌。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及产生用于昆虫诱捕器以增加所述诱捕器的有效性的引诱剂的系统(即设备)和方法。
背景技术
现有技术包含多种昆虫诱捕器和吸引方法。常见的方法是使用紫外线将昆虫吸引到高压电网或粘性诱捕板上。
化学引诱剂也是已知的。例如,第6,543,181号美国专利描述了一种果蝇引诱剂组合物,其包括:挥发性短链羧酸、挥发性短链醇、挥发性芳基取代醇和氮化合物。这份文件还描述了其它昆虫引诱剂,并且所述文件的背景技术部分章节逐字转载如下。
“在1996年2月13日授予村松的第5,490,349号美国专利中,公开了一种包含液态昆虫引诱剂的昆虫诱捕器,所述液态昆虫引诱剂完全封闭以便运输所述诱捕器时不会溢出或损耗。诱捕器包含提供漏斗形部分的外壳,所述漏斗形部分的端部是一个基本上半透明的奶嘴。昆虫诱捕器可以如下方式启用:刺穿所述奶嘴,从而在内部腔室中形成一个入口,液态引诱剂通过所述入口来吸引昆虫。奶嘴是通过热处理形成的,因此入口的壁被拉得很薄,形成了半透明的壁,其形成的亮点大于入口的开口,从而使被困的昆虫很难找到开口并获得自由。除了入口的末端部分,外壳基本上是不透明的,因此昆虫诱捕器的内容物对于公众是不可见的。
存在一种被认为是上述第5,490,349号美国专利的实施例的商业产品,其由在顶部具有小孔的小型塑料容器型诱捕器组成,并被命名为“Natural 0Plus果蝇诱捕器”。据认为,诱捕器中使用的液态引诱剂主要是醋,以下称为“安德森溶液”。
在1995年11月7日授予W.沃伦等人的第5,464,626号美国专利中,公开了一种使用具有二甲基取代氧甲基环己烷衍生物结构的化合物吸引如下昆虫物种的方法:黑斑库蚊、大西洋伊蚊、萨利那利库蚊、维克斯伊蚊、库蚊属、蚋属、银屑病亚种、柔毛伊蚊、果蝇黑腹亚种、球虫科、十字按蚊、哥伦比亚银屑病亚种、库蚊属和伊蚊属。这个引诱剂主要用作急性毒素和/或诱捕装置的诱饵增强剂。
在1991年4月16日授予C.沃伦等人的第5,008,107号美国专利中,公开了一种用于住区蝇类(所谓的‘脏蝇’,例如家蝇)的新型引诱剂组合物,其包含吲哚和斯卡托尔、信息素、盐酸三甲胺和合适的载体。
在2000年8月22日授予贝克等人的第6,106,821号美国专利中,公开了(家)蝇引诱剂组合物,其包括至少一种挥发性短链羧酸、至少一种有机硫化物和至少一种氮杂环。在一个优选的实施例中,所述组合物还包括至少一种释放氨气的化合物。在一个特别优选的实例中,所述组合物是通过将例如羧酸、有机硫化物和氮杂环混合来制备的。本发明还涉及一种昆虫诱捕器,其包括用于留住苍蝇的装置和本发明的昆虫引诱剂组合物。所述诱捕器可用于商业、住宅和畜牧设施。”
从可获得的引诱剂的数量和种类来看,应该相对清楚,并不是所有的引诱剂都对多种昆虫起作用,有些引诱剂根本无效。根据在第US 6,543,181号美国专利中定义的发明,引诱剂由三种挥发性组分形成并且被设计为在环境温度下蒸发。这导致液体蒸发,并且需要重新填充诱捕器。
现有技术中描述的所有引诱剂是通常为合成的特定化学物质的组合,其试图通过模拟昆虫的食物、性信息素或其它通常对目标物种具有特异性的引诱物质来吸引昆虫。但是,昆虫具有复杂的化学感受能力,即使精心设计的化学组合物也无法准确地再现其拟模仿的自然存在的气味的全部效果。
野生昆虫会产生多种复杂的化学混合物,其中一些具有吸引其它昆虫的作用,例如性信息素或聚集信息素。
发明内容
本发明人已经认识到用于吸引昆虫的已知解决方案的问题。此类溶液使用某些对目标昆虫具有吸引力的化学物质,但无法完全复制天然存在的化学物质的复杂组合,因此就效力、寿命或功效而言,这限制了已知引诱剂的有效性。
从下面描述的实施例中,这方面和其它方面将是显而易见的。本公开的范围既不受本发明内容限制,也不限于必能解决所指出的任何或所有缺点的实施方案。
本发明包括产生用于昆虫诱捕器的引诱剂的系统和方法,其中引诱剂包括通过昆虫的饲养和/或加工产生的生物材料或由所述生物材料组成。
由昆虫本身产生的引诱剂可以完全复制本领域合成引诱剂试图模仿的自然气味;这可以使诱捕器能够更有效地吸引目标昆虫。
应当指出,在这种情况下,昆虫诱捕器不限于物理上限制昆虫进入的装置;通过任何手段检测、限制、固定或杀死昆虫的任何装置都被认为在本文所用术语“诱捕器”的范围内。
根据本公开的一个方面,提供了一种用于制造对一种或多种昆虫有吸引力的物质的系统。所述系统包括容纳一群活的昆虫的壳体。所述系统可以进一步包括允许向昆虫提供营养、食物和/或水的子系统。所述系统可以进一步包括从壳体中去除有机物的子系统。所述系统可以进一步包括对所去除的材料进行灭菌,以防止引诱剂中存在任何生物活性的子系统。
所述系统可以进一步包括制备子系统,以将有机物制备成适合用作引诱剂的形态。
制备子系统可以包括将有机物捣碎或制浆的机制。
所述系统可以配置成从昆虫的全部或选定部分中产生引诱剂
所述系统可以配置成从昆虫的分泌物中产生引诱剂
所述系统可以配置成从灭菌的虫卵中产生引诱剂
所述系统可以配置成从苍蝇、甲虫、臭虫、飞蛾、棉铃虫、白蚁、蚂蚁、胡蜂、黄蜂、群居昆虫中的一种或任意组合中产生引诱剂。
所述系统可以配置成从是所要吸引的昆虫的猎物的昆虫中产生引诱剂。
所述系统可以配置成从与所要吸引的昆虫相同种类的昆虫中产生引诱剂。
所述系统可以进一步被配置成使得这群昆虫被容纳在温度受控的环境中。
所述系统可以进一步被配置成通过加热、冷却或辐射来对有机物进行灭菌,以防止有机物中存在生物活性。
所述系统可以进一步被配置成产生用于昆虫诱捕器或检测器中的引诱剂。
根据本公开的另一方面,提供了一种产生对一种或多种昆虫有吸引力的物质的方法,其特征在于:容纳一群活的昆虫;向活的昆虫提供营养、食物或水的任何组合;从这群中去除有机物并对所去除的有机物进行灭菌
所述方法的特征还可以在于将活的昆虫与有机物分离
所述方法的特征还可以在于加热,冷却或辐照有机物。
所述方法的特征还可以在于产生对苍蝇、甲虫、臭虫、飞蛾、象鼻虫、棉铃虫、白蚁、蚂蚁、胡蜂、黄蜂、群居昆虫中的一种或任何组合具有吸引力的物质。
附图说明
图1是具有新型引诱剂的昆虫诱捕器的实施例的图;
图2是用于产生引诱剂的系统的优选实施方案的系统图;和
图3是适用于群居昆虫的引诱剂的单个产生单元的实施例的图。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了一种实用、廉价并且允许从昆虫的天然生物化学特性产生引诱剂的方法、设备和系统。
本公开还提供了用于利用新型引诱剂的诱捕器的系统/硬件。
尽管针对涉及引诱剂的产生和使用的当前优选实施例描述了本公开,但是应当理解,本公开的特征可以应用于需要吸引昆虫的任何应用。
所述方法、设备和系统能够从昆虫的解剖结构或昆虫的排泄物中产生引诱剂。此类引诱剂可以从但不限于整只昆虫、虫体、虫卵、蜕皮、排泄物或其它分泌物产生。
所述方法、设备和系统能够通过灭菌来产生生物无菌引诱剂。这种灭菌包含但不限于加热、冷却、电离辐射和电磁辐射。
本公开总体上涉及用于害虫防治的引诱剂的产生,并且更具体地但非排他地涉及产生用于害虫诱捕器的引诱剂的技术。
现在仅以示例的方式描述实施例。
参考图1,示出了有利地实现所述技术的系统的实施例。所述系统包括引诱剂1,例如通过在图2和图3中最清楚地看到并在下面详细描述的方式产生。引诱剂容纳在壳体2中。外壳具有防止昆虫爬行离开诱捕器的功能。实现所述目的的方法对于本领域的技术人员将是熟悉的,并且在各种实施例中可以包含但不限于:放电以杀死昆虫,防止进入诱捕器的昆虫离开的物理特征或用于固定进入诱捕器的昆虫的粘合剂。图1示出了一种可能的实施例,其中斜坡3允许昆虫进入诱捕器,但是一旦进入诱捕器就无法爬上边沿4逃逸。还提供了相应的方法。
参照图2,其为产生引诱剂的系统的优选实施方案的框图。产生单元5容纳一群活的昆虫。产生单元在图3中最清楚地看到,下面将对其进行详细描述。在这个系统中,产生单元可操作地连接到供给子系统,所述供给子系统供应水、营养物和其它必需物质,以使这群昆虫保持健康状态。在这个实施例中,可以通过温度控制室7将供给子系统和产生单元维持在对昆虫有利的温度。可以周期性地将材料从产生单元中去除并例如通过灭菌模块8中的伽马射线对其进行灭菌。这样做的目的是杀死任何活的昆虫或虫卵,并防止它们随后在引诱剂中孵化。将理解的是,其它实施例可以包含诸如加热或微波辐射之类的替代灭菌手段。可以进行引诱剂制备9的最后阶段,以将材料加工成适合在诱捕器中使用的形态。在优选的实施方案中,这是通过机械压碎和/或制浆成糊剂来进行的。还提供了相应的方法。
在其它实施例中,产生单元可以从温度控制室中移除,并且将其全部内容物灭菌并制成引诱剂。这个实施例作为一种廉价的系统是有利的,其中整个昆虫群都可以有效地用作引诱剂,并且昆虫的年龄不重要,例如其中产生单元中的昆虫是所要吸引的昆虫的猎物。
在另一个实施例中,借助于输送机或其它连续系统,连续地从产生单元中去除材料,如图3所示。
参照图3,其是适用于从昆虫粪便或虫卵中产生引诱剂的产生单元的实施例。在产生单元内,壳体11留住昆虫10并防止它们逃逸到单元之外。在实施例中,一条材料,例如一条连续的材料12可以例如在辊子17上穿过壳体。辊可以配置成产生与水平面成非零角度的表面,例如足以抑制昆虫爬升并逃逸,所述非零角度例如大于10度、20度、30度、40度、50度或60度。材料12可以包括能够吸引昆虫聚集于其上的材料或由所述材料组成。对于许多群居昆虫,例如蚂蚁和臭虫,滤纸和/或细棉布可有效地达到此目的。在一些实施方案中,供给子系统6被配置为将用于昆虫的食物递送到材料12上,进一步刺激昆虫聚集在材料上。昆虫在材料上会进行其自然的饲养和繁殖行为。结果,材料将被例如鸡蛋和/或粪便和/或从昆虫脱落的其它材料覆盖。在实施方案中,可以将离开产生单元的这条材料切成(13)例如大小14适合用于昆虫诱捕器中的若干段材料。可以周期性地去除产生的若干段材料15以进行灭菌。
相应的方法可以涉及提供材料,例如与例如由壳体的底部所限定的水平面成非零角度的一条材料。所述方法可以附加地或可替代地涉及使(这条)材料通过壳体。所述方法可以附加地或可替代地涉及使用供给子系统将食物输送到(这条)材料上。所述方法可以进一步涉及从(这条)材料中收获昆虫的产物;产物可以是例如虫卵、面部、皮肤/外骨骼或其它昆虫产物。然后,可以对从材料上移除后的(这条)材料上/与(这条)材料相关联的收集产物进行灭菌。
在其它实施例中,系统的产生单元可以包含将成熟昆虫从产生单元中分离出来以加工成引诱剂的能力。这可以通过但不限于分级筛将较大的昆虫与较小的昆虫分开的方法来实现。
本文所述的技术也可以用于蛛形纲动物,尤其是螨虫、壁虱等蜱科动物。
毫无疑问,技术人员将想到许多其它有效的替代方案。应当理解,本发明不限于所描述的实施例,并且包括对本领域技术人员显而易见的、在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的修改。
Claims (15)
1.一种制造对一种或多种昆虫有吸引力的物质的系统,包括:
容纳一群活的昆虫的壳体;
允许向所述昆虫提供营养、食物或水的组合的子系统;
从所述壳体中去除有机物的子系统;和
对所去除的材料进行灭菌,以防止引诱剂中存在任何生物活性的子系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中有机物去除子系统将活的昆虫与所述有机物分离。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其还包括制备子系统,所述制备子系统用于将所述有机物制备成适合用作引诱剂的形态。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中所述制备子系统将所述有机物切片、捣碎或制浆。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中所述有机物包含所述昆虫或其虫卵的全部或选定部分。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中所述有机物由所述昆虫的分泌物组成。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中所述物质对苍蝇、甲虫、臭虫、飞蛾、棉铃虫、白蚁、蚂蚁、胡蜂、黄蜂、群居昆虫中的一种或任意组合具有吸引力。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中容纳在所述壳体内的所述昆虫是所要吸引的昆虫的猎物。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中所述壳体保持在恒定温度。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中灭菌子系统通过将加热、冷却或辐射的任何组合施加至所述有机物来进行操作。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统,其中引诱物质被配置用于昆虫诱捕器或检测器中。
12.一种产生对一种或多种昆虫有吸引力的物质的方法,其特征在于:
容纳一群活的昆虫;
向所述活的昆虫提供营养、食物或水的任何组合;
从这群中去除有机物;和
对所去除的有机物进行灭菌。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征还在于将所述活的昆虫与所述有机物分离。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中通过加热、冷却或辐照所述有机物进行所述灭菌。
15.根据权利要求12、13或14所述的方法,其中所述物质对苍蝇、甲虫、臭虫、飞蛾、象鼻虫、棉铃虫、白蚁、蚂蚁、胡蜂、黄蜂、群居昆虫中的一种或任意组合具有吸引力。
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PCT/GB2019/050079 WO2019138245A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-01-11 | System and method for the production of attractants for pest traps |
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US5464626A (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1995-11-07 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Dimethyl substituted oxymethyl cyclohexane derivatives and uses thereof for their insect attractancy properties |
US5490349A (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1996-02-13 | Muramatsu; Scott | Insect trap with liquid attractant |
US6106821A (en) | 1996-01-03 | 2000-08-22 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fly attractant compositions |
US6543181B1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2003-04-08 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Fruit fly attractant compositions |
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D. A. EVANS等: "Insect Attractants of Natural Origin", 《CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS》 * |
MARIAC等: "Food and humidity affect sex pheromone ratios in the stink bug, Euschistus heros", 《PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY》 * |
MARTIN JACOBSON等: "Natural Insect Attractants and Repellents,New Tools in Pest Control", 《AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY》 * |
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