CN111726827A - USB-ZigBee northbound interface implementation method based on serial port callback mechanism - Google Patents
USB-ZigBee northbound interface implementation method based on serial port callback mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/40—Bus structure
- G06F13/4063—Device-to-bus coupling
- G06F13/4068—Electrical coupling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
- G06F9/542—Event management; Broadcasting; Multicasting; Notifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
- G06F9/544—Buffers; Shared memory; Pipes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y10/00—Economic sectors
- G16Y10/40—Transportation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y30/00—IoT infrastructure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y40/00—IoT characterised by the purpose of the information processing
- G16Y40/10—Detection; Monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/26—Special purpose or proprietary protocols or architectures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
- H04W80/06—Transport layer protocols, e.g. TCP [Transport Control Protocol] over wireless
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F2213/0002—Serial port, e.g. RS232C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F2213/0042—Universal serial bus [USB]
Abstract
The invention discloses a USB-ZigBee northbound interface implementation method based on a serial port callback mechanism, and belongs to the field of urban rail transit. ZigBee sensor network nodes used in construction environments with power supply and wiring difficulties generally have a small volume and cannot integrate standard 9-PIN or 25-PIN serial sockets, and the ZigBee protocol is not generally supported by current hosts. Therefore, the invention provides a ZigBee monitoring network northbound interface implementation method based on the USB based on the fact that all current hosts are provided with USB sockets and the mini-USB socket has smaller volume. First, a USB link is established between the coordinator and the management host by embedding a USB-COM conversion chip and a Mimi-USB socket in the coordinator motherboard. Secondly, the USB-COM conversion driver is installed in the management host, so that the established USB link supports the COM communication protocol. And finally, realizing real-time synchronization of data communication by using a serial port callback mechanism of the coordinator singlechip, and realizing analysis and processing of transmission messages by adding message processing events in an operating system of the coordinator.
Description
1. Field of the invention
The invention belongs to the field of urban rail transit, and particularly relates to a ZigBee-based northbound interface between a subway and underground pipe gallery construction safety monitoring network and a monitoring management host running a monitoring program based on a USB (universal serial bus).
2. Background of the invention
The network elements of the ZigBee network comprise a coordinator (gateway), a router and a terminal, and have the characteristics of small volume and low power consumption, and each network element has the functions of sensor data acquisition and transmission relay by adopting the Ad-Hoc protocol, so that the networking flexibility and the transmission reliability are greatly improved. Currently, the ZigBee network is widely used in various power supply and network distribution limited detection environments, such as subway and underground pipe gallery construction safety monitoring. A plurality of different types of sensors are usually deployed in a construction section and then connected to a sensor node (router or terminal). The single chip microcomputer of the sensor node realizes the control of data acquisition of each sensor through an embedded program. After Data acquisition of all the sensors managed by the coordinator is completed, the sensors are assembled into a ZigBee protocol packet PDU (protocol Data Unit), and then the ZigBee wireless Data link of a southbound interface of the monitoring network is transmitted to the coordinator. And after receiving the ZigBee signal, an antenna of the coordinator triggers an operating system event. The main program of the operating system constantly monitors external events and carries out type analysis on the coming external events. And when the ZigBee PDU sent by the sensor node is captured, calling a pre-designed servo routine (Trap) to unseal the protocol packet PDU, and taking out the sensor data in the protocol packet PDU for processing. The processing method comprises the following steps:
1) the coordinator directly processes, such as displaying on an own LED (light emitting diode), and performs adjustment control through own closed-loop control software.
2) And after the data of the sensor sent by the single network element is re-encapsulated into a COM protocol PDU, the data is forwarded to the management host computer through a COM link of the northbound interface related by the invention.
3) And storing the sensor data into a cache, combining the sensor data of a plurality of network elements after the sensor data are gathered, and transmitting the sensor data to the management host computer through the COM link of the northbound interface related by the invention after the sensor data are re-encapsulated into the COM protocol PDU.
The management host runs a monitoring program and processes the received sensor data: including data cleaning, storage, analysis, evaluation, and display. The management host also issues configuration, starting, stopping, dormancy and other control commands to the coordinator through the northbound interface, and the coordinator forwards the commands to the sensor nodes through the southbound interface.
Because the coordinator deployed on the site uses a single chip microcomputer with limited functions like other sensor nodes, the coordinator generally provides a COM port outwards, and the mainboard of a commercial desktop computer or a server generally integrates the COM port, the northbound interface generally adopts a COM protocol. There are a number of disadvantages in use with COM-based northbound interfaces: such as:
(1) in the field monitoring environment, portable notebook computers, tablet computers, PADs and smart phones are increasingly adopted as management hosts, and COM ports are not embedded in ultrathin mainboards of the portable notebook computers, the tablet computers, the PADs and the smart phones.
(2) For ease of deployment and power saving, coordinators used in the field and in confined environments typically have a very small volume, e.g. coin-sized, scale. However, standard COM sockets (such as RS232 sockets) generally have a large volume and are difficult to integrate into the coordinator motherboard.
The coordinator is integrated with a ZigBee transmitting circuit and an antenna, but the current commercial computers, servers, tablet computers and smart phone mainboards are not integrated with ZigBee chips and antennas, and operating systems used by the commercial computers, the servers, the tablet computers and the smart phone mainboards do not support ZigBee wireless transmission protocols, such as Windows, Unix, Linux, Android, iOS and the like. Although their motherboards have integrated Ethernet circuits and ports (RJ45), or support Ethernet connection through an external Ethernet network card, there are difficulties in developing Ethernet-ZigBee conversion network cards at present. The search for the "Ethernet-ZigBee conversion network card" or the "Ethernet-ZigBee Transfer NIC" by Baidu and Google has not found any relevant results.
3. Summary of the invention
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a communication link between a managing host and a coordinator that transceives data using a USB cable and socket but using a COM communication protocol.
Since the USB socket is built in almost all current commercial computing, servers, notebooks, tablet computers and smart phones, the method can save the USB-COM conversion circuit.
The second purpose of the invention is to map the USB port of the connection coordinator into a COM port by installing a drive of a USB-COM conversion chip in the management host. Because all current software development platforms provide mature COM communication components or development kits, the method can reduce the development difficulty of communication modules and improve the communication quality.
The third purpose of the invention is to manage the host computer to initialize the COM port (configure the parameters of the COM port) and establish the serial communication connection.
A fourth object of the invention is to design a communication protocol stack managing the host and the coordinator and then send the operating instructions to the coordinator server through the established USB-COM connection: typical instructions include: 1) sensor operating mode assignment, 2) detection start, 3) detection stop, and 4) sleep start.
The fifth purpose of the invention is to establish a coordinator listening servo process based on a serial port callback mechanism, capture serial port transceiving events in real time, analyze instruction messages sent by a management host in a callback function, and trigger a corresponding event processing routine (Trap) designed by people to process the instructions.
The working principle of the callback mechanism is as follows:
I. the command PDU (protocol Data Unit) sent by the management host is transmitted to the USB-COM conversion chip through the USB cable and is forwarded to the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) serial port of the singlechip.
II. Triggering a serial port in a coordinator single chip microcomputer operating system to receive a data system event, and calling a developed serial port callback function in an event processing routine to process the received PDU.
And III, analyzing the PDU in the callback function to obtain the type of the instruction. The operation preset by the execution instruction of the event processing routine Trap developed by us is set in an operating system. For example, if the instruction is:
a) "sensor operating mode assignment" -set acquisition mode (Pull, Push, Polling). If the acquisition mode is Polling, the acquisition cycle length is set. And then constructing a CONFIGUREPDU supporting the southbound interface (ZigBee transmission protocol), and sending the CONFIGUREPDU to a network element where the sensor is located through a ZigBee wireless link of the southbound interface.
b) And the step of detecting and starting comprises the steps of constructing a START PDU supporting a southbound interface (ZigBee transmission protocol) and sending the START PDU to a network element where the sensor is located through the ZigBee southbound interface.
c) And (4) stopping detection, namely constructing a STOP PDU supporting the ZigBee transmission protocol of the southbound interface and sending the STOP PDU to a network element where the sensor is located through the ZigBee southbound interface.
d) And the SLEEP starting step comprises the steps of constructing a SLEEP PDU supporting a southbound interface (ZigBee transmission protocol), and sending the SLEEP PDU to a network element where the sensor is located through the ZigBee southbound interface.
IV, after receiving the data, the ZigBee antenna of the sensor network element triggers a system event in the operating system. The main program of the operating system constantly monitors external events and carries out type analysis on the coming external events. And when capturing the ZigBee PDU sent by the coordinator, calling a pre-designed servo routine (Trap) to unseal the PDU, taking out the data in the PDU, analyzing the type of an operation instruction contained in the data, and executing corresponding operation according to a developed preset scheme. If the PDU is:
a) CONFIGURE PDU, set the value of the detection timer.
b) START PDU START detection timer. And when the timing time is up, reading the value of the sensor, constructing a DATA PDU supporting a southbound interface (ZigBee transmission protocol), and transmitting the DATA PDU to the coordinator through a ZigBee link of the southbound interface.
c) And (4) stopping the detection timer, and the network element does not read the value of the sensor any more.
d) SLEEP PDU, network element starts the routine of dormancy, enter the power saving mode.
The sixth purpose of the invention is to establish a monitoring data reporting process, and report the value of the sensor transmitted to the coordinator by the network element to the management host through the northbound interface.
The working principle of the callback mechanism is as follows:
I. and after receiving the data, the ZigBee antenna of the coordinator triggers a system event in the operating system. The main program of the operating system constantly monitors external events and carries out type analysis on the coming external events.
II. And when the event type is that the ZigBee PUD is received, calling a pre-designed servo routine (Trap) which is developed by people to unpack the protocol packet PDU, and analyzing the type of the PDU. And if the type of the PUD is Data PDU, taking out the address of the network element and the contained Data, and calling a monitoring Data reporting function.
And III, in the monitoring data reporting function, taking out the address of the network element and the contained data, and constructing a REPORT PDU supporting a northbound interface (COM transport protocol). Since serial communication has a single maximum transmission capacity threshold (usually 32 bytes), PDUs with a size larger than that of the serial communication are also split, multiple child REPORT PDUs are constructed, and sequence numbers are set in the PDUs to indicate their positions. And then, the data is sent to a COM-USB conversion chip through a serial port (UART) and is sent to a management host through a USB cable.
IV, because the sending capability of the serial port of the single chip microcomputer of the coordinator is limited and the single chip microcomputer is easily interfered by other system applications, even if the volume of the REPORT PDU is smaller than the threshold of the single maximum sending capability, the REPORT PDU cannot be completely sent at one time. Therefore, in the management host, a buffer with a certain size is constructed, and data sent by the serial port is continuously received. When the buffer contains a complete PDU, it is fetched and processed.
And V, for the monitoring data which are split into a plurality of sub REPORT PDUs, the management host computer extracts the monitoring data subsets after the monitoring data completely arrive, reassembles the monitoring data subsets according to the sequence number and restores the original monitoring data.
VI, when the data sent by one network element is completely received by the management host, the monitoring data reporting process of the network element is finished.
And VII, whenever the management host finds that the received data contains the identifier of the new PDU, emptying the current receiving buffer and starting to receive the new PDU. If there are more PDUs waiting for the remaining data in the original buffer at this time, it is discarded.
And after the monitoring task is completed, the management host disconnects the COM connection with the coordinator.
4. Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical structure diagram of a USB-ZigBee northbound interface. The assembly therein comprises:
1) the management host: is the host running the monitoring management program.
2) A single chip microcomputer: a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) solution is supported for the specific embedded CPU used by the coordinator.
3) ZigBee chip: the ZigBee transmitting and receiving chip used by the coordinator is connected with the ZigBee antenna and interacts with a router or a terminal node connected with the sensor through a ZigBee wireless transmission protocol (southbound interface). It works under the unified schedule of the coordinator's operating system. When the coordinator sends a command to the router or the terminal node, a sending instruction of the ZigBee chip is called, an antenna of the coordinator receives ZigBee data sent to the coordinator, an operating system event is triggered, the event type is analyzed in an event processing program (main program) of the operating system, and then a ZigBee data receiving event processing routine is called to receive the data.
4) USB-COM conversion chip: the device is integrated on a main board of the coordinator and belongs to a pipeline type component, one end of the device is connected with a UART port of a single chip microcomputer, and the other end of the device is connected with a Mini-USB port integrated with the device. It can be connected to the USB port of the management host (northbound interface) via a USB connection line. When the management host is installed with the driver of the USB-COM conversion chip, the COM port converted from the USB can be seen in the device management of the operating system. Clicking on the COM port can set parameters for it like manipulating a generic COM, such as setting the sending rate, etc.
5) A southbound interface: is a ZigBee communication interface between the coordinator and the router or the terminal.
6) A north interface: for the purpose of the present invention, a USB-COM translation communication interface between a host and a coordinator is managed.
Fig. 2 is an interface diagram of a case where the management host mounts the USB-COM conversion driver and then the USB port is converted into the COM port in the device management of the operating system.
Fig. 3 is a configuration interface to the ports of the converted COM.
Fig. 4 is an interface that appears after the management host sends a "start of detection" command to the sensor network through the northbound interface.
Fig. 5 is an interface in which the sensor network element sends the detected values of all the sensors to which the sensor network element belongs to the management host through the coordinator after the detection starts.
Fig. 6 is an interface of the management host sending a "stop detection" command to the sensor network through the coordinator.
Fig. 7 is an interface of the management host sending a "sleep start" command to the sensor network through the coordinator.
5. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical scheme for realizing the first purpose of the invention is as follows: a mini-USB socket is embedded in the coordinator main board, and a USB-COM adapter chip such as WCH CH341A is installed. Because the USB-COM adapter chip and the mini-USB socket have very small volumes, the integration on the coordinator mainboard is not limited by space. Two ends of the USB-COM switching chip are respectively connected with a mini-USB socket and a serial port UART of a singlechip, such as CC 2530-CORE.
After the management host installs the USB-COM conversion driver, the situation that the USB port is converted into the COM port as seen in the device management of the operating system is as shown in fig. 2. In the figure, COM1 is a common COM port for managing host self-carrying, and COM5 and COM6 are COM ports converted from USB. One USB-COM conversion chip corresponds to one converted COM port. Only translated COM connected to the management host through a USB trunk can be present. The port numbers are automatically generated by the management host operating system according to the sequence of the network elements connected to the management host from small to large.
The port that clicks on the translated COM in the device management that manages the host operating system may configure its parameters, with the configuration interface as shown in fig. 3. The configuration is not different from the configuration of a general COM port.
After COM configuration, the management host may issue a "start of detection" command (StartPDU) to the sensor network through the northbound interface. The interface that appears after the command is issued is shown in fig. 4.
After the detection is started, the sensor network element sends all the sensor detection values to which the sensor network element belongs to the management host through the coordinator according to the configured detection scheme, as shown in fig. 5. Wherein the part in the box of the data table is the data newly received by the management host from the network element. Wherein:
1) ID represents the network element's serial number (unique);
2) the device type:
(1) "0" represents a coordinator;
(2) "1" denotes a router;
(3) "2" represents a terminal.
3) The address represents a ZigBee short address of the network element;
4) the father address represents the upper node address of the network element in the sensor network topology;
5) the section represents the section number of the network element;
6) the latter fields represent the current detection values of the different types of sensors.
And when the monitoring task is finished or the monitoring process is intermittent, clicking a 'stop detection' button on a monitoring interface of the management host, and the sensor network element does not read the value of the sensor any more.
After the monitoring task is finished, a 'start dormancy' button on a monitoring interface of the management host is clicked, the sensor network element starts a dormancy routine of the sensor network element, and the network element is in a dormancy (power saving) state.
Claims (5)
1. A USB-ZigBee northbound interface implementation method based on a serial callback mechanism is characterized in that COM communication is implemented on a USB link on a protocol level, and a callback synchronization mechanism of a serial port and an event mechanism of an operating system are combined on a service level to realize analysis and processing of data messages.
2. The method for implementing the USB-ZigBee northbound interface based on the serial callback mechanism of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that a callback synchronization mechanism of the serial port and an event mechanism of an operating system are combined together to realize the analysis and processing of data messages on a service level, and a hybrid synchronization mechanism combining a message queue mechanism of the operating system and a cache shaping mechanism of serial port communication is used when the ZigBee network sends data to the management host through the UART.
3. The cache reshaping mechanism for serial port communication according to claim 2, characterized in that based on the serial port cache threshold limit and the data transceiving characteristic model constructed by us, the cache structure designed by us is used to call the synchronization function developed by us to realize the recombination, reshaping and error correction processing of the split data message, and the ordered transmission and reliable sending of data are realized in the distributed data source and the service environment where data randomly arrive.
4. The method for implementing the USB-ZigBee northbound interface based on the serial port callback mechanism of claim 1, wherein in the service level, the callback synchronization mechanism of the serial port and the event mechanism of the operating system are combined to implement the analysis and processing of the data message, when the management host sends a command to the ZigBee network, the UART callback mechanism of the single chip microcomputer is triggered, the developed callback function is called in the callback mechanism to analyze the command, the designed event vector is set according to the type of the command, and the corresponding system event is triggered.
5. The triggered corresponding system event according to claim 4, in the event handling routine, calling the event handling function we design to execute the operation preset by the command.
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| CN106444771A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-22 | 吉林大学 | ZigBee-based simulated multi-agent coordination controlling method |
| CN107808262A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-16 | 湖北民族学院 | Passenger's journey Intelligent Service management control system and control method, train, automobile |
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| CN103906273A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2014-07-02 | 青岛海尔软件有限公司 | ZigBee wireless coordinator with flash drive function |
| CN104361765A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-02-18 | 天津理工大学 | Parking space detecting system based on magnetoresistive sensor and ZigBee |
| CN106444771A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-22 | 吉林大学 | ZigBee-based simulated multi-agent coordination controlling method |
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