CN111725842B - Full-power wind turbine generator control system and method with black start function - Google Patents

Full-power wind turbine generator control system and method with black start function Download PDF

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CN111725842B
CN111725842B CN202010644975.3A CN202010644975A CN111725842B CN 111725842 B CN111725842 B CN 111725842B CN 202010644975 A CN202010644975 A CN 202010644975A CN 111725842 B CN111725842 B CN 111725842B
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wind
wind turbine
side converter
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started
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CN111725842A (en
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桑顺
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Nantong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

The invention provides a full-power wind turbine generator control system with a black start function and a control method, wherein the control system comprises: the wind power generation system comprises a grid side converter for controlling the voltage of a direct current bus of the wind turbine generator, a machine side converter for controlling the wind power captured by the wind turbine generator, and a variable pitch controller for controlling the rotating speed of a wind wheel. According to the starting sequence of the wind turbines in the black-start wind power plant, the wind turbines are divided into two types, namely the wind turbine started first and the wind turbine started subsequently. The wind power station has the capability of independent and autonomous operation, can be used as a black start power supply to drive other wind turbine generators in the wind power station, gradually expands to realize black start of the wind power station, and recovers local load connected to the wind power station. After the load is connected, the droop control of the wind turbine generator side converter enables the load capacity among the wind turbine generators in the wind power plant to be distributed according to the ratio of the droop control coefficients of the wind turbine generator side converter.

Description

Full-power wind turbine generator control system and method with black start function
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electricity, in particular to a full-power wind turbine generator control system and method with a black start function.
Background
The black start of the power system means that when the whole or local power grid stops operating due to a fault, the power generation unit with the autonomous starting capability in the power system drives the unit without the autonomous starting capability, and gradually expands the range of recovering the power system, so that the recovery of the whole power grid is realized. The black start power supply commonly adopted in the current power system is a fuel oil generator set, a gas generator set, a water turbine generator set and the like. In regions and seasons where water energy resources are scarce, it is difficult to use the water turbine generator set as a black start power supply. In addition, because the cost of the fuel oil and gas turbine generator set is high, the fuel oil and gas turbine generator set is not suitable for being popularized in a large range as a black start power supply. The wind generating set is used as a black start power supply, the selectable black start scheme can be enriched when a power grid has a blackout accident, and the method has great practical significance in the aspects of enhancing the reliability, safety and the like of a power system.
A vector control method based on grid voltage orientation is adopted in a traditional grid-connected full-power wind turbine generator, and a grid-side converter of the traditional grid-connected full-power wind turbine generator needs a phase-locked loop to observe a grid voltage phase, so that the traditional grid-connected full-power wind turbine generator does not have independent autonomous operation capability and cannot be used as a black start power supply. Therefore, in order to realize the black start of the full-power wind turbine as a single power supply, it is necessary to research a control strategy that the full-power wind turbine has a black start function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a full-power wind turbine generator control system with a black start function and a method thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full-power wind turbine generator control system with a black start function, including: the wind power control system comprises a grid-side converter for controlling the voltage of a direct current bus of the wind turbine generator, a machine-side converter for controlling the wind power captured by the wind turbine generator, and a variable pitch controller for controlling the rotating speed of a wind wheel;
wherein the control loop of the grid-side converter comprises:
per unit value of linear bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000021
Rated per unit value of DC bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000022
The difference is passed through a PI regulator as input to position 2 of the gate switch S1, and the input to position 1 of the gate switch S1 is 0; phase theta of alternating current bus voltage of wind power plant observed by adopting phase-locked looppThe output Δ θ of the gate switch S1pPhase theta with phase-locked loop outputpThe sum of which is thetas(ii) a The input to position 1 of gate switch S2 is θsPer unit value of DC bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000023
Through gain of omegaBgIntegrator of output thetaISynCThe output of the gate switch S2 is the phase θ of the grid-side converter modulation voltage, which is the input of position 2 of the gate switch S2; wind turbine generator system adjusts modulation voltage amplitude of grid-side converter according to wind power plant alternating current bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000024
I.e. reference value of the bus voltage of the wind farm
Figure BDA0002572791770000025
And a feedback value
Figure BDA0002572791770000026
The difference is passed through a PI regulator with the output being the input to position 2 of the gate switch S3, the input to position 1 of the gate switch S3 being 0, and the output of the gate switch S3 superimposed on the initial value of the modulation voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000027
Modulated voltage amplitude as a grid-side converter
Figure BDA0002572791770000028
According to the modulation voltage amplitude
Figure BDA0002572791770000029
And generating a modulation signal of the grid-side converter with the phase theta for sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
The machine side converter adopts a double-ring control structure of a current inner ring and a direct current voltage droop outer ring, and the rated per unit value of the direct current bus voltage
Figure BDA00025727917700000210
(i.e., 1.0p.u.) and the feedback per unit value
Figure BDA00025727917700000211
The difference in sag coefficient is KdrThe droop controller of (1), the output of which is a q-axis reference value of the stator current
Figure BDA00025727917700000212
D-axis reference value of stator current
Figure BDA00025727917700000213
Is 0; the current inner ring adopts a vector control mode based on the rotor flux linkage orientation.
Wherein, in the variable pitch controller, the per unit value of the rotating speed of the wind wheel
Figure BDA00025727917700000214
With set value of wind wheel speed
Figure BDA00025727917700000215
The difference is passed through a PI regulator (the output of the PI regulator is limited to-beta)0To 90), the output of the PI regulator is the input of position 2 of the gating switch S4, and the input of position 1 of the gating switch S4 is 0; per unit value of actual output power of wind wheel
Figure BDA00025727917700000216
Amplitude limiting value of wind wheel output power
Figure BDA00025727917700000217
The difference is passed through a PI regulator (the output of the PI regulator is limited to a range of 0 to 90) whose output is coupled to the output of the gate switch S4, the initial value of the rotor pitch angle β0The sum is used as a reference value beta of the wind wheel pitch angleref(ii) a Reference value beta of the pitch anglerefThe difference between the feedback value beta and the elapsed time constant is TβThe integrator outputs the actual pitch angle beta after the limiting link of the change rate and the amplitude.
The invention also provides a control method of the full-power wind turbine control system with the black start function, the wind turbines are divided into two types according to the start sequence of the wind turbines in the black start wind power plant, and the two types are respectively the wind turbine started first and the wind turbine started subsequently;
in the starting process of the wind turbine generator which is started first, the generator side converter is started before the grid side converter, and the starting process of the wind turbine generator which is started first is as follows:
(1-1) switch S4 of the Pitch controller is in position 1, i.e. the initial Pitch Angle of the rotor is β0The machine side breaker is closed, the machine side current transformer is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the direct current voltage is pre-charged by means of the rectification of a diode of the machine side current transformer;
(1-2) trigger pulse s for turning on the machine side convertersabcStarting a control loop of a machine side converter, wherein the direct-current voltage is generated because the grid side converter is not started, the output power of the wind turbine generator is close to zero
Figure BDA0002572791770000031
Controlled at a nominal value (1 p.u.);
(1-3) turning a switch S4 of the pitch controller to a position 2, and connecting the wind wheel rotating speed regulator into a pitch control loop to control the rotating speed of the wind wheel to be at a reference value
Figure BDA0002572791770000032
(1-4) before the grid-side converter is started, the switch S1 is in the position 1, the switch S2 is in the position 2, the switch S3 is in the position 1, and after the machine-side converter operates stably, the grid-side converter is switched on to trigger a pulse SgabcThe phase theta and the initial amplitude of the modulation voltage are obtained by passing the direct current voltage through an integrator
Figure BDA0002572791770000033
Generating a modulation voltage signal for sinusoidal pulse width modulation of the grid-side converter;
(1-5) closing a network side breaker, and charging a wind farm bus by a wind turbine generator started first;
(1-6) when the switch S3 is turned to the position 2, the wind power plant bus voltage feedback control is put into a control loop, and the wind turbine which is started first is started up.
In the starting process of the subsequently started wind turbine generator, the grid-side converter is started before the machine-side converter, before the subsequently started wind turbine generator is started, the gating switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 are all located at the position 1, and the starting process of the subsequently started wind turbine generator is as follows:
(2-1) closing the grid-side circuit breaker, and observing the voltage phase theta of the wind power plant bus by the grid-side converter through a phase-locked looppAnd the initial amplitude
Figure BDA0002572791770000034
Generating a modulated voltage signal, turning on a trigger pulse sgabcThe grid-side converter is merged into a bus of the wind power plant;
(2-2) switch S1 go to position 2, direct Current Voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000035
Carrying out closed-loop control to keep the rated value at 1.0 p.u.;
(2-3) when the switch S2 is switched to the position 2, the grid-side converter is switched from the amplitude angle control to the control mode of dynamically realizing self-synchronization according to the direct-current voltage;
(2-4) after the grid-side converter operates stably, switching to a position 2 by a switch S3, and adjusting the amplitude of the modulation voltage of the grid-side converter according to the amplitude of the wind farm bus voltage;
(2-5) after the network side converter is started, closing the machine side breaker and opening a trigger pulse s of the machine side convertersabcStarting a machine side converter control loop; direct voltage due to no load on the wind farm bus
Figure BDA0002572791770000036
At the rated value of 1.0p.u., the output of the droop controller of the machine side converter is zero, and the output power of the wind turbine WT2 is close to zero;
(2-6) turning a switch S4 of a pitch controller to a position 2, and adjusting the rotating speed of the wind wheel to a reference value by the pitch controller
Figure BDA0002572791770000041
And finishing the starting of the wind turbine generator set which is subsequently started.
After a wind turbine generator in the wind power plant is started, closing a load circuit breaker, and connecting a local load to the wind power plant; after the load is connected, the ratio of the load capacity distributed among the wind turbine generators in the wind power plant is equal to the ratio of the droop control coefficients of the generator-side converter of the wind turbine generators.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the wind power station has the capability of independent and autonomous operation, can be used as a black start power supply to drive other wind turbine generators in the wind power station, gradually expands to realize black start of the wind power station, and recovers local load connected to the wind power station. After the load is connected, the droop control of the wind turbine generator side converter enables the load capacity among the wind turbine generators in the wind power plant to be distributed according to the ratio of the droop control coefficients of the wind turbine generator side converter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a control block diagram of a grid-side converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a machine side converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of a pitch controller according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a black start of a wind farm according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a variation curve of the operating point of the wind wheel during the black start of the wind turbine generator set according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a wind farm black start simulation waveform diagram according to a simulation embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulated waveform diagram of load distribution according to a simulated embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a full-power wind turbine generator control system with a black start function, which comprises: the wind power generation system comprises a grid side converter for controlling the voltage of a direct current bus of the wind turbine generator, a machine side converter for controlling the wind power captured by the wind turbine generator, and a variable pitch controller for controlling the rotating speed of a wind wheel.
As shown in fig. 1, the control loop of the grid-side converter comprises:
per unit value of linear bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000042
Rated per unit value of DC bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000043
(i.e., 1.0p.u.) the difference is passed through a PI regulator as an input to position 2 of gate switch S1, with the input to position 1 of gate switch S1 being 0. Phase theta of alternating current bus voltage of wind power plant observed by adopting phase-locked looppThe output Δ θ of the gate switch S1pAnd a phase-locked loopOut phase thetapThe sum of which is thetas. The input to position 1 of gate switch S2 is θsPer unit value of DC bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000051
Through gain of omegaBgIntegrator of output thetaISynCTo gate the input of position 2 of switch S2, the output of gate switch S2 is the phase θ of the grid-side converter modulated voltage. Wind turbine generator system adjusts modulation voltage amplitude of grid-side converter according to wind power plant alternating current bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000052
I.e. reference value of the bus voltage of the wind farm
Figure BDA0002572791770000053
And a feedback value
Figure BDA0002572791770000054
The difference is passed through a PI regulator with the output being the input to position 2 of the gate switch S3, the input to position 1 of the gate switch S3 being 0, and the output of the gate switch S3 superimposed on the initial value of the modulation voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000055
Modulated voltage amplitude as a grid-side converter
Figure BDA0002572791770000056
According to the modulation voltage amplitude
Figure BDA0002572791770000057
And generating a modulation signal of the grid-side converter with the phase theta for sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
As shown in fig. 2, the machine-side converter adopts a double-ring control structure of an inner current ring and a droop direct-current voltage outer ring, and the rated per unit value of the direct-current bus voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000058
(i.e., 1.0p.u.) and the feedback per unit value
Figure BDA0002572791770000059
The difference in sag coefficient is KdrThe droop controller of (1), the output of which is a q-axis reference value of the stator current
Figure BDA00025727917700000510
D-axis reference value of stator current
Figure BDA00025727917700000511
Is 0. The current inner ring adopts a vector control mode based on the rotor flux linkage orientation.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the pitch controller, the wind wheel speed per unit value
Figure BDA00025727917700000512
With set value of wind wheel speed
Figure BDA00025727917700000513
The difference is passed through a PI regulator (the output of the PI regulator is limited to-beta)0To 90), the output of the PI regulator is the input to position 2 of the gate switch S4, and the input to position 1 of the gate switch S4 is 0. Per unit value of actual output power of wind wheel
Figure BDA00025727917700000515
Amplitude limiting value of wind wheel output power
Figure BDA00025727917700000514
The difference is passed through a PI regulator (the output of the PI regulator is limited to a range of 0 to 90) whose output is coupled to the output of the gate switch S4, the initial value of the rotor pitch angle β0The sum is used as a reference value beta of the wind wheel pitch angleref. Reference value beta of the pitch anglerefThe difference between the feedback value beta and the elapsed time constant is TβThe integrator outputs the actual pitch angle beta after the limiting link of the change rate and the amplitude.
The invention also provides a control method of the full-power wind turbine control system with the black start function, the wind turbines are divided into two types according to the start sequence of the wind turbines in the black start wind power plant, and the two types are respectively the wind turbine started first and the wind turbine started subsequently. In fig. 4, the wind turbine WT1 which is started first, the wind turbines WT2-WTN which are started subsequently are started in sequence, and after the wind turbines in the wind farm are started, the load breaker is closed to connect the local load to the wind farm.
In the starting process of the wind turbine generator which is started first, the generator side converter is started before the grid side converter, and the starting process of the wind turbine generator which is started first is as follows:
(1-1) Pitch control Block diagram shown in FIG. 3 switch S4 is in position 1, i.e. the initial pitch angle of the rotor is β0In fig. 2, the machine side breaker BRKM is closed, the machine side current transformer is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the direct current voltage is precharged by means of diode rectification of the machine side current transformer;
(1-2) trigger pulse s for turning on the machine side convertersabcStarting a control loop of a machine side converter, wherein the direct-current voltage is generated because the grid side converter is not started, the output power of the wind turbine generator is close to zero
Figure BDA0002572791770000061
Is controlled to be a rated value (1p.u.), corresponding to the point A of the wind wheel working in the figure 5, the wind power captured by the wind wheel is the same when the loss of the wind turbine is considered
Figure BDA0002572791770000062
(this value is extremely close to zero) and the rotor speed is
Figure BDA0002572791770000063
(1-3) turning a switch S4 to a position 2 in a variable pitch control block diagram, and connecting a wind wheel rotating speed regulator into a variable pitch control loop so as to control the rotating speed of the wind wheel to be at a reference value
Figure BDA0002572791770000064
At the moment, the pitch angle of the wind wheel is beta1The wind power captured by the wind wheel is still
Figure BDA0002572791770000065
The rotor operating point changes from point a to point B in figure 5.
(1-4) before the grid-side converter is started, the switch S1 is in position 1, the switch S2 is in position 2, and the switch S3 is in position 1 in fig. 1. After the machine side converter operates stably, a trigger pulse s of the network side converter is switched ongabc. The phase theta and the initial amplitude of the DC voltage passing through the integrator are the modulation voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000068
A modulated voltage signal is generated for sinusoidal pulse width modulation of the grid-side converter.
(1-5) closing a network side breaker, and charging a wind farm bus by a wind turbine generator started first;
(1-6) when the switch S3 is turned to the position 2, the wind power plant bus voltage feedback control is put into a control loop, and the wind turbine which is started first is started up.
As shown in fig. 4, in the starting process of the wind turbines WT1-WTN which are subsequently started, the grid-side converter is started before the machine-side converter, before the wind turbines which are subsequently started are started, the gating switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 are all in the position 1, and the starting process of the wind turbines which are subsequently started is as follows:
(2-1) closing the grid-side circuit breaker, and observing the voltage phase theta of the wind power plant bus by the grid-side converter through a phase-locked looppAnd the initial amplitude
Figure BDA0002572791770000066
Generating a modulated voltage signal, turning on a trigger pulse sgabcThe grid-side converter is merged into a bus of the wind power plant;
(2-2) switch S1 go to position 2, direct Current Voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000067
Carrying out closed-loop control to keep the rated value at 1.0 p.u.;
(2-3) when the switch S2 is switched to the position 2, the grid-side converter is switched from the amplitude angle control to the control mode of dynamically realizing self-synchronization according to the direct-current voltage;
(2-4) after the grid-side converter operates stably, the switch S3 is switched to the position 2, and the amplitude of the modulation voltage of the grid-side converter is adjusted according to the amplitude of the wind farm bus voltage.
(2-5) after the network side converter is started, closing the machine side breaker and opening a trigger pulse s of the machine side convertersabcStarting a machine side converter control loop; direct voltage due to no load on the wind farm bus
Figure BDA0002572791770000069
At the rated value of 1.0p.u., the droop controller output of the machine side converter is zero, and the output power of the wind turbine WT2 is close to zero.
(2-6) turning a switch S4 to a position 2 in a pitch control block diagram, and adjusting the rotating speed of the wind wheel to a reference value by a pitch controller
Figure BDA0002572791770000071
And finishing the starting of the wind turbine generator set which is subsequently started.
After the wind turbine generator in the wind farm shown in fig. 4 is started, the load breaker is closed, the local load is connected to the wind farm, and at this time, the wind wheel of the wind turbine generator WT1 which is started first captures wind power of
Figure BDA0002572791770000072
The pitch controller adjusts the pitch angle to beta2The rotational speed of the wind wheel is controlled at
Figure BDA0002572791770000073
The rotor operating point changes from point B to point C in figure 5. The rotational speed of the wind wheel is
Figure BDA0002572791770000074
The maximum wind power which can be captured is
Figure BDA0002572791770000075
Corresponding to operating point D in FIG. 5, the pitch angle β is 0 at this time. After the load is connected, the ratio of the load capacity distributed among the wind turbine generators in the wind power plant is equal to the ratio of the droop control coefficients of the generator-side converter of the wind turbine generators.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 6, in a black start process of a wind farm according to a simulation embodiment of the present invention, the wind farm includes three wind turbines WT1, WT2, and WT3, where the wind turbine WT1 is a wind turbine that is started first, the wind turbines WT2 and WT3 are wind turbines that are started subsequently, the wind speed is 11m/s, and droop coefficients K of the wind turbines WT1, WT2, and WT3 are set as followsdr1、Kdr2、Kdr3Are all 4.
Referring to FIG. 6(a), wind turbine WT1 closes the machine side circuit breaker at 0.2s, the initial pitch angle β of the rotor1Is 20 degrees. The machine side converter trigger pulse and the direct current voltage of the wind turbine WT1 are switched on at 0.5s
Figure BDA0002572791770000076
When the wind turbine generator WT1 is controlled to be at the rated value of 1.0p.u., 2S, the variable pitch control switch S4 of the wind turbine generator WT1 is turned to the position 2, and the pitch angle beta is continuously adjusted1The value of (c). And 5S, switching on a grid-side converter trigger pulse of the wind turbine WT1, starting a control loop of the grid-side converter, 10S, closing a grid-side circuit breaker of the wind turbine WT1, charging a wind power plant bus by the wind turbine WT1, and 11S, switching on a switch S3 of the wind turbine WT1 to a position 2. Rotational speed of the wind wheel
Figure BDA0002572791770000079
Controlled at 1.0p.u. at about 15 s.
Referring to fig. 6(b), 19s grid side breaker of wind turbine WT2 is closed and dc voltage pre-charging of wind turbine WT2 by diode rectification of grid side converter is started. The grid-side converter trigger pulse of the wind turbine WT2 is switched on at 20S, and the switch S1 of the wind turbine WT2 is switched to the position 2 at 20.1S to convert the direct-current voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000077
Control at 1.0p.u. At 21S switch S2 of wind turbine WT2 is turned to position 2, at the same time switch S4 of wind turbine WT2 is turned to position 2 and the pitch angle controller is put into the control loop. Switch S3 goes to position 2 at 22S. Next, the process of the present invention is described,at 23s, the machine side circuit breaker of the wind turbine WT2 is closed, and the trigger pulse of the machine side converter is turned on. Wind wheel speed at 35s
Figure BDA0002572791770000078
Controlled at 1.0 p.u.. As can be seen from fig. 6(a), (b), the starting process of the wind turbine WT2 is smooth and has no distortion, and the influence on the operation of the wind turbine WT1 is small.
Referring to fig. 6(c), at 29s grid side breaker of wind turbine WT3 is closed and pre-charging of dc voltage of wind turbine WT3 via diode rectification of grid side converter is initiated. The grid-side converter trigger pulse of the wind turbine WT3 is switched on at 30S, and the switch S1 of the wind turbine WT3 is switched to the position 2 at 30.1S to convert the direct-current voltage
Figure BDA0002572791770000081
Control at 1.0p.u. At 31S switch S2 of wind turbine WT3 is turned to position 2, at the same time switch S4 of wind turbine WT3 is turned to position 2 and the pitch angle controller is put into the control loop. Switch S3 of wind turbine WT3 goes to position 2 at 32S. Next, the machine side breaker of the wind turbine WT3 was closed at 33s, and the machine side converter trigger pulse of the wind turbine WT3 was turned on. Wind wheel speed at 45s
Figure BDA0002572791770000082
Controlled at 1.0 p.u.. As can be seen from fig. 6(a), (b), and (c), the starting process of the wind turbine WT3 is smooth and has no distortion, and has little influence on the operation of the wind turbines WT1 and WT 2.
Referring to fig. 6(a), (b), and (c), after wind turbines WT1, WT2, and WT3 are stably operated, loads are connected to the wind farm bus. At 40s, a load with the capacity of 0.15p.u. is connected to a bus of the wind power plant, and as can be seen from fig. 6(a), (b) and (c), because the machine side converter adopts droop control, the direct current voltages of the wind power units WT1, WT2 and WT3 are all reduced, the output active power of each wind power unit is 0.05p.u., and the load capacity is evenly distributed. The rotating speed of the wind wheel is firstly reduced in a small range and then regulated to a rated value of 1.0p.u., and the pitch angle of the wind turbine generator is reduced in a small range. When the voltage is 50s, the load with the capacity of 0.15p.u. is connected into a bus of the wind power plant, and the direct-current voltages of the wind power units WT1, WT2 and WT3 continue to drop and are kept consistent; the output active power of each wind turbine is 0.1p.u., so that the load capacity is evenly distributed. After the wind turbine generator is stabilized, the direct current voltage of each wind turbine generator is 0.975p.u., the output active power is 0.1p.u., the rotating speed of the wind wheel is 1.0p.u., and the pitch angle beta is 16.4 degrees.
Referring to fig. 6(d), the wind farm bus voltage Ebus is controlled at 1.0p.u. after 10 s.
Referring to the simulation embodiment shown in fig. 6, the method and the system for controlling the full-power wind turbine generator with the black start function, which are disclosed by the invention, can realize the black start of the wind farm and recover the local load connected to the wind farm.
Referring to FIG. 7, the simulation waveform of the load distribution according to the simulation embodiment of the present invention includes two wind turbines WT1 and WT2 in the wind farm, the wind speed is 11m/s, and the droop coefficient K of the wind turbine WT1 dr14, droop coefficient K of wind turbine WT2dr2Is 6. 60s, a load with the capacity of 0.25p.u. is connected to an alternating current bus of the wind power plant, the direct current voltage of each wind turbine is kept consistent and is reduced to 0.975p.u., the output power of the wind turbine WT1 is increased to 0.1p.u., the rotating speed of a wind wheel is reduced firstly and then is restored to 1.0p.u., and the pitch angle beta is1The temperature is kept at 16.4 degrees when the temperature is lowered and stabilized; the output power of the wind turbine WT2 is increased to 0.15p.u., the rotating speed of the wind wheel is reduced and then restored to 1.0p.u., and the pitch angle beta2The initial drop was stabilized at 16 degrees.
Referring to fig. 7, the droop coefficient ratio of the wind turbines WT1 and WT2 is 2:3, and the output power ratio is also 2:3, which illustrates that the droop control of the machine-side converter enables the load capacity between the wind turbines to be distributed according to the droop coefficient ratio.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a full-power wind turbine generator system control system with black start function which characterized in that includes: the wind power control system comprises a grid-side converter for controlling the voltage of a direct current bus of the wind turbine generator, a machine-side converter for controlling the wind power captured by the wind turbine generator, and a variable pitch controller for controlling the rotating speed of a wind wheel;
wherein the control loop of the grid-side converter comprises:
per unit value of linear bus voltage
Figure FDA0002572791760000011
Rated per unit value of DC bus voltage
Figure FDA0002572791760000012
The difference is passed through a PI regulator as input to position 2 of the gate switch S1, and the input to position 1 of the gate switch S1 is 0; phase theta of alternating current bus voltage of wind power plant observed by adopting phase-locked looppThe output Δ θ of the gate switch S1pPhase theta with phase-locked loop outputpThe sum of which is thetas(ii) a The input to position 1 of gate switch S2 is θsPer unit value of DC bus voltage
Figure FDA0002572791760000013
Through gain of omegaBgIntegrator of output thetaISynCThe output of the gate switch S2 is the phase θ of the grid-side converter modulation voltage, which is the input of position 2 of the gate switch S2; wind turbine generator system adjusts modulation voltage amplitude of grid-side converter according to wind power plant alternating current bus voltage
Figure FDA0002572791760000014
I.e. reference value of the bus voltage of the wind farm
Figure FDA0002572791760000015
And a feedback value
Figure FDA0002572791760000016
The difference is passed through a PI regulator, the output of which is the input of position 2 of the gate switch S3, gate switch S3 bitWith the input to 1 at 0, the output of the gating switch S3 is superimposed on the initial value of the modulation voltage
Figure FDA0002572791760000017
Modulated voltage amplitude as a grid-side converter
Figure FDA0002572791760000018
According to the modulation voltage amplitude
Figure FDA0002572791760000019
And generating a modulation signal of the grid-side converter with the phase theta for sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
2. The full-power wind turbine generator control system with the black start function according to claim 1, wherein the machine-side converter adopts a double-ring control structure of an inner current ring and a droop direct-current voltage outer ring, and the rated per unit value of the direct-current bus voltage
Figure FDA00025727917600000110
And feedback per unit value
Figure FDA00025727917600000111
The difference in sag coefficient is KdrThe droop controller of (1), the output of which is a q-axis reference value of the stator current
Figure FDA00025727917600000112
D-axis reference value of stator current
Figure FDA00025727917600000113
Is 0; the current inner ring adopts a vector control mode based on the rotor flux linkage orientation.
3. The full-power wind turbine generator control system with black start function according to claim 1, wherein in the pitch controller, per unit value of wind wheel rotation speed
Figure FDA00025727917600000114
With set value of wind wheel speed
Figure FDA00025727917600000115
The difference is passed through a PI regulator, the output of which is the input of the position 2 of the gating switch S4, and the input of the position 1 of the gating switch S4 is 0; per unit value of actual output power of wind wheel
Figure FDA00025727917600000116
Amplitude limiting value of wind wheel output power
Figure FDA00025727917600000117
The difference is passed through a PI regulator whose output is coupled to the output of the gate switch S4 and the initial value of the rotor pitch angle β0The sum is used as a reference value beta of the wind wheel pitch angleref(ii) a Reference value beta of the pitch anglerefThe difference between the feedback value beta and the elapsed time constant is TβThe integrator outputs the actual pitch angle beta after the limiting link of the change rate and the amplitude.
4. A control method of a full-power wind turbine control system with black start function according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that wind turbines are divided into two types according to the start sequence of the wind turbines in the black start wind farm, namely the wind turbine started first and the wind turbine started subsequently;
in the starting process of the wind turbine generator which is started first, the generator side converter is started before the grid side converter, and the starting process of the wind turbine generator which is started first is as follows:
(1-1) switch S4 of the Pitch controller is in position 1, i.e. the initial Pitch Angle of the rotor is β0The machine side breaker is closed, the machine side current transformer is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the direct current voltage is pre-charged by means of the rectification of a diode of the machine side current transformer;
(1-2) trigger pulse for turning on machine side converterssabcStarting a control loop of a machine side converter, wherein the direct-current voltage is generated because the grid side converter is not started, the output power of the wind turbine generator is close to zero
Figure FDA0002572791760000021
Controlled at a nominal value;
(1-3) turning a switch S4 of the pitch controller to a position 2, and connecting the wind wheel rotating speed regulator into a pitch control loop to control the rotating speed of the wind wheel to be at a reference value
Figure FDA0002572791760000022
(1-4) before the grid-side converter is started, the switch S1 is in the position 1, the switch S2 is in the position 2, the switch S3 is in the position 1, and after the machine-side converter operates stably, the grid-side converter is switched on to trigger a pulse SgabcThe phase theta and the initial amplitude of the modulation voltage are obtained by passing the direct current voltage through an integrator
Figure FDA0002572791760000023
Generating a modulation voltage signal for sinusoidal pulse width modulation of the grid-side converter;
(1-5) closing a network side breaker, and charging a wind farm bus by a wind turbine generator started first;
(1-6) when the switch S3 is turned to the position 2, the wind power plant bus voltage feedback control is put into a control loop, and the wind turbine which is started first is started up.
5. The control method of the full-power wind turbine control system with the black start function according to claim 4, wherein during the starting process of the subsequently started wind turbine, the grid-side converter is started before the machine-side converter, and before the subsequently started wind turbine is started, the gating switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 are all in the position 1, and the starting process of the subsequently started wind turbine is as follows:
(2-1) closing the grid-side circuit breaker, and observing the voltage phase theta of the wind power plant bus by the grid-side converter through a phase-locked looppAnd the initial amplitude
Figure FDA0002572791760000024
Generating a modulated voltage signal, turning on a trigger pulse sgabcThe grid-side converter is merged into a bus of the wind power plant;
(2-2) switch S1 go to position 2, direct Current Voltage
Figure FDA0002572791760000031
Carrying out closed-loop control to keep the rated value at 1.0 p.u.;
(2-3) when the switch S2 is switched to the position 2, the grid-side converter is switched from the amplitude angle control to the control mode of dynamically realizing self-synchronization according to the direct-current voltage;
(2-4) after the grid-side converter operates stably, switching to a position 2 by a switch S3, and adjusting the amplitude of the modulation voltage of the grid-side converter according to the amplitude of the wind farm bus voltage;
(2-5) after the network side converter is started, closing the machine side breaker and opening a trigger pulse s of the machine side convertersabcStarting a machine side converter control loop; direct voltage due to no load on the wind farm bus
Figure FDA0002572791760000032
At the rated value of 1.0p.u., the output of the droop controller of the machine side converter is zero, and the output power of the wind turbine WT2 is close to zero;
(2-6) turning a switch S4 of a pitch controller to a position 2, and adjusting the rotating speed of the wind wheel to a reference value by the pitch controller
Figure FDA0002572791760000033
And finishing the starting of the wind turbine generator set which is subsequently started.
6. The control method of the full-power wind turbine control system with the black start function according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that after the wind turbine in the wind farm is started, the load breaker is closed, and a local load is connected to the wind farm; after the load is connected, the ratio of the load capacity distributed among the wind turbine generators in the wind power plant is equal to the ratio of the droop control coefficients of the generator-side converter of the wind turbine generators.
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