CN108631335A - A kind of grid-connected active support and control structures of PMSG based on VSG - Google Patents
A kind of grid-connected active support and control structures of PMSG based on VSG Download PDFInfo
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- CN108631335A CN108631335A CN201810453431.1A CN201810453431A CN108631335A CN 108631335 A CN108631335 A CN 108631335A CN 201810453431 A CN201810453431 A CN 201810453431A CN 108631335 A CN108631335 A CN 108631335A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control structures carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG (direct drive permanent magnetic synchronous generator) of VSG (virtual synchronous generator), including Wind turbines and back-to-back four quadrant convertor, back-to-back four quadrant convertor includes generator-side converter wear and net side current transformer, and generator-side converter wear is maintaining DC bus capacitor device voltage；Net side current transformer controls the normal operation of rotation speed of fan and the balance of power according to the algorithm of MPPT, using the control strategy of VSG, to carry out active support to mains frequency and voltage, reach dynamic support by discharging DC bus capacitor device energy and rotor kinetic energy when support.The control structure broken away from Wind turbines must could be grid-connected by PLL locking phases drawback, by the equivalent VSG for a voltage-source type of Wind turbines, therefore for the fluctuation of network voltage and frequency, better supporting role can be played.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy fields, and in particular to a kind of grid-connected active support and control structures of PMSG based on VSG.
Background technology
Wind energy meets the requirement of environmental protection plan, wind generating technology industry as a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning
Worldwide developed rapidly.But since wind energy has randomness and intermittence, in power grid, wind-power electricity generation fills
Ratio shared by machine capacity steps up, and large-scale wind power field influences also to be gradually increased caused by the stability of system.Meanwhile
Frequency variation caused by changing due to system loading can also become more acutely, to be easy to make power grid loss of stability.
Control strategy during existing wind-powered electricity generation participation system frequency modulation and voltage modulation mainly has following three kinds：
1. rotor kinetic energy controls
Its concrete methods of realizing mainly has virtual inertia control, droop control and combined inertia control.
2. power backup controls
Power backup control makes its off-load run by controlling Wind turbines, to reserved certain power backup and with this
Support system frequency modulation, at this time Wind turbines are operated on suboptimum power tracking point.Its method has two major classes：Award setting and
Rotor speed control.
3. additional energy storage control
Energy-storage system, which has, quickly spits the ability of energy received, and not only can effectively inhibit the random fluctuation of wind-powered electricity generation, Er Qieneng
Enough assisting wind generatings participate in system frequency modulation.The principle that energy-storage system participates in wind-powered electricity generation frequency modulation is energy storage when system frequency reduces
System quick release of energy support system frequency；When system frequency rises, the rising of Energy suppression system frequency is absorbed.
It will be seen that either which kind of supporting way, traditional control strategy must be realized by PLL phaselocked loops
Wind turbines and net operation, when system voltage fluctuates but also control system is more unstable.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, proposing a kind of PMSG (direct drive permanent magnetic synchronizations based on VSG (virtual synchronous generator)
Generator) to the control structure of mains frequency and voltage progress active support, it is general to introduce virtual governor and virtual magnetizing exciter etc.
It reads, assigns the frequency and voltage inertia retention performance of inverter, the dynamic characteristic of similar synchronous generator is made it have, to electricity
Net frequency carries out the control of active support with voltage, which, which has broken away from, to realize wind turbine by PLL phaselocked loops
Grid-connected this drawback of group, by the equivalent VSG for a voltage-source type of Wind turbines.
The present invention is realized especially by following technical scheme：
A kind of control structure carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG, including Wind turbines
With back-to-back four quadrant convertor, back-to-back four quadrant convertor includes generator-side converter wear and net side current transformer,
Generator-side converter wear is maintaining DC bus capacitor device voltage；
Net side current transformer controls the normal operation of rotation speed of fan and the balance of power according to the algorithm of MPPT, using VSG
Control strategy, to carry out active support to mains frequency and voltage, when support by discharge DC bus capacitor device energy and
Rotor kinetic energy reaches dynamic support.The control structure has broken away from Wind turbines must be by the grid-connected drawback of PLL locking phase ability, will
The equivalent VSG for a voltage-source type of Wind turbines, therefore for the fluctuation of network voltage and frequency, can play preferably
Supporting role.
Using DC bus-bar voltage outer shroud, the control strategy of current inner loop, control system outer shroud is the generator-side converter wear
DC bus-bar voltage ring, the given value of DC bus-bar voltage and the deviation of actual value are quadrature axis current by the output of PI controllers
(watt current) gives constant current, by current inner loop control, converts mechanical output to electromagnetic power and is sent to direct current mother
Line.
The net side current transformer uses virtual synchronous generator control strategy, operating mode as follows：
(1) output reactive power and voltage adjustment
The output reactive power increment and output voltage amplitude increment of virtual synchronous generator meet the sagging relationships of Q/V, and
In systems, sagging Coefficient m decides distribution of the reactive load power between inverter to connection；When load excessive, virtual synchronous
When the output voltage of generator is unsatisfactory for requiring, closure switch Sv, output voltage deviation is by proportional integration link to virtually encouraging
Magnetoelectricity stream iFIt compensates, d, q axis built-in potential is corrected through row respectively, to eliminate output voltage amplitude error.
(2) active power of output and frequency adjustment
Under simultaneously net state, if opening simultaneously frequency modulation frequency modulation switch Sf and virtual excitation compensation compensating switch Sv, virtually
Synchronous generator runs on active reactive power (PQ) pattern, and output power is determined by value and power reference MPPT at this time, output electricity
Pressure is limited and ac bus, outlet side are equivalent to PQ nodes；If turning on the switch Sf closure switch Sv, virtual synchronous generator work
Make in active power, voltage (PV) pattern；Under networking model, if being closed at switch Sf and switch Sv, VSG enters constant pressure
Constant frequency (Vf) pattern.
When actively supporting, while controlling DC bus capacitor energy and fan rotor kinetic energy ratio only adjusts fan rotor kinetic energy
The inertia bigger of offer.But rotor speed can be made frequently to act in this way, it is unfavorable for the stabilization of system.Therefore, it is proposed that
New control strategy, this control strategy can automatically be sequentially activated DC bus capacitor device and the control of wind turbine inertia come for
System provides inertia support；Active support is grading control, that is, first passes through DC bus capacitor device and release energy and be supported,
It is released energy if there are still deviation by discharging rotor kinetic energy, the DC capacitor voltage is constantly absorbed and discharged
To ensure the support to system at any time so that rotor kinetic energy does not have to frequent action, enhances the stability of system.It can be true
Support and Wind energy extraction when insurance system disturbs maximize.Particularly, it is using the energy of DC bus capacitor storage preferentially always
System provides inertia support, only uses wind turbine inertia to provide support for system when system frequency excursion still remains Shi Caihui.
It, which is avoided, frequently uses wind turbine inertia, and is an energy saving control strategy, and the commercialization for being conducive to wind power plant pushes away
Extensively.And due to reasonably devising frequency dead band to eliminate the stability mistake of system.Therefore, disturbance rear fan can be with
Return to its maximal power tracing state.
The control strategy of the virtual synchronous generator is divided into three parts：Magnetizing exciter, frequency modulator and interior ring controller；Excitation
Device controls virtual synchronous generator output reactive power or output voltage amplitude, and frequency modulator controls active power of output or output electricity
Angular frequency, interior ring controller is pressed to realize control rapidity and fault current limiting, wherein the magnetizing exciter and frequency modulator also have
Motor synchronizing, electric voltage frequency support, sharing of load, loop current suppression ability.
The invention has the advantages that：
The net side current transformer of the present invention is grid-connected according to the progress of VSG control modes, is thus equal to one together in simultaneously net side
Generator is walked, is come into line frequency and voltage support with this；The net side current transformer be no longer rely on PLL carry out it is grid-connected but from equivalent
For synchronous voltage source, this allow for when system voltage changes greatly will not again because have PLL there are due to increase network voltage shake
The burden swung.The control of active support is carried out to mains frequency and voltage, which has broken away from must be by PLL phaselocked loops
This grid-connected drawback of Wind turbines is realized, by the equivalent VSG for a voltage-source type of Wind turbines.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the generator-side converter wear control block diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the inverter electrical structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the hypothetical rotor coordinate system diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is reactive power/voltage droop characteristic and active power/frequency droop performance plot in the embodiment of the present invention；
In figure：(a) reactive power/voltage droop characteristic (b) active power/frequency droop characteristic.
Fig. 5 is the virtual synchronous generator control block diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that the inertia in the embodiment of the present invention actively supports droop control block diagram.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention be more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out with reference to embodiments further
It is described in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of controls carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG
Structure, including Wind turbines and back-to-back four quadrant convertor, back-to-back four quadrant convertor include generator-side converter wear and net side
Current transformer, generator-side converter wear is maintaining DC bus capacitor device voltage；Net side current transformer controls wind turbine according to the algorithm of MPPT
The normal operation of rotating speed and the balance of power, using the control strategy of VSG, to carry out active branch to mains frequency and voltage
Support reaches dynamic support when support by discharging DC bus capacitor device energy and rotor kinetic energy.
The generator-side converter wear is using DC bus-bar voltage outer shroud, the control strategy of current inner loop.Control block diagram is such as at this time
Shown in Fig. 1.Control system outer shroud is DC bus-bar voltage ring, and the given value of DC bus-bar voltage and the deviation of actual value pass through PI
Controller output converts mechanical output to electricity to constant current for quadrature axis current (watt current) by current inner loop control
Magnetic power is simultaneously sent to DC bus；Due to using isd=0 vector control strategy, so direct-axis current gives isdref=0.
It is the electrical of three-phase two-level inverter that the net side current transformer, which uses virtual synchronous generator control strategy, Fig. 2,
Structure, it includes the three-phase bridge arm for using pulsewidth modulation and to eliminate the LC filters of voltage ripple.It can be defeated by filter capacitor
Go out the output port that side view is synchronous generator, the external characteristics of synchronous generator is simulated by controlling filter capacitor voltage.
Control strategy can be divided into three parts：Magnetizing exciter, frequency modulator and interior ring controller.Magnetizing exciter controls virtual synchronous power generation
Machine output reactive power or output voltage amplitude, frequency modulator control active power of output or output voltage angular frequency, inner ring control
Device realizes control rapidity and fault current limiting.In addition, magnetizing exciter and frequency modulator also have motor synchronizing, electric voltage frequency support,
Sharing of load, loop current suppression ability.Control block diagram such as Fig. 5.
Consider the dynamic characteristic of exciting current, hypothetical rotor coordinate system such as Fig. 3.For the VSG of closed-loop control, closed loop is defeated
Go out impedance to be codetermined by its open-loop output impedance and closed-loop parameters, virtual stator winding link can adjust the output of inverter
Impedance solves the power coupled problem that resistive composition is brought in line impedance, meets the power decoupled item of virtual synchronous generator
Part.Virtual stator winding can weaken influence of the line parameter circuit value to droop characteristic, reasonably design virtual stator winding impedance value, have
Conducive to the sharing of load of the inverter of group net operation in parallel.Meanwhile between the achievable shunt chopper of setting of virtual stator winding
The limitation of circulation and fault current.
When reactive load is excessive, because of droop characteristic, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), exciting current reduces, and built-in potential reduces so that
Inverter output voltage is unsatisfactory for requiring.Output voltage feedforward can be added in magnetizing exciter at this time and carry out exciting current compensation, repair
Positive built-in potential.
Frequency modulator can realize the tracking to mains frequency and phase.It is full between active power of output and electric voltage frequency when stable state
Drop foot relationship, such as Fig. 4 (b).Machine torque TmWith electromagnetic torque TeOfficial post obtain rotor angular frequency variation, change output phase
θ.Output phase θ determines the transformation of abc to dq coordinate systems.Using equation of rotor motion, can design between output power and frequency
Inertial concerns, simulate the primary frequency modulation process of synchronous generator.
In synchronous generator, carrys out frequency of amendment characteristic curve by adjusting prime mover output power, eliminate primary frequency modulation
Static difference so that system frequency reverts to rated value.
In virtual synchronous generator, closure switch Sf corrects P by feed-back frequency increment through proportional componentset, adjustment is directly
Side output power is flowed, such as formula, to realize frequency modulation frequency modulation.
Interior ring controller uses the Double closed-loop of voltage and current device decoupled based on dq, is divided into Voltage loop and electric current loop.
In Voltage loop, filter capacitor voltage is adjusted using PI controllers, and obtain current reference value.
Electric current loop adjusts filter inductance electric current by P controller, as follows
To prevent overcurrent when transient state from damaging equipment, current reference value should be limitedIt is realized by decoupling item
D, the independent control of q shaft voltages electric current offsets the pressure drop on filter inductance.
The control structure for being carried out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG of the present invention is propped up using active
Control strategy is supportted, specifically：
The inertia support that DC bus capacitor provides
If ignoring the power attenuation of back-to-back converter, DC capacitor voltage can reflect the power P of injection RSCWT
With the power P for being transferred to power gridgBetween power-balance.For simulated inertia, PWTAnd PgIt can be considered synchronous by rough
The mechanical output and electromagnetic power of generator, wherein H are inertia constants.DC voltage similar can be regarded as to a certain extent
System frequency, therefore：
It is as follows that above formula can obtain control process after equalization point linearisation：
Wherein KDCIt is control parameter.The above control process in substance forms the droop control strategy of DC voltage, HDC
And KDCRelationship is as follows：
The inertia support that magneto alternator fan rotor kinetic energy provides
In order to make wind turbine by adjusting the active alternation come response frequency of oneself, additional power offset PadTo reflect system
The variation of frequency, by itself and the active-power P that is obtained by maximal power tracing algorithmMPPTBe added, you can obtain one it is new
The reference value of wind turbine active powerIt is active as newly referring to for permanent-magnet synchronous wind turbine.
Wherein HRIt is inertia constant, it is provided by the fan rotor kinetic energy based on magneto alternator；Through derivation and line
It is as follows that transmission function can be obtained in property：
It can be seen that the inertia time constant H of wind turbine inertia controlRConsist of two parts：A part be rotor absorb or
The kinetic energy of release.The variation of rotation speed of fan when it depends primarily on disturbance, the offset of rotation speed of fan is bigger, the inertia of wind turbine compensation
It is more.And it is also related with wind turbine initial speed, and initial speed is bigger, and the inertia of system balance is more.
The collaboration and cooperation of wind turbine inertia control
By derivation and abbreviation, about inertia, we may finally obtain following formula：
In order to obtain positive simulated inertia constant HR, KBIt should be negative value.Total inertia constant HWTBy being based on permanent-magnet synchronous hair
The DC bus capacitor and fan rotor side kinetic energy of the wind turbine of motor provide simultaneously,
It is clear that controlling DC bus capacitor energy simultaneously and fan rotor kinetic energy ratio only adjusts the offer of fan rotor kinetic energy
Inertia bigger.It is the decline of response system frequency, net side current transformer is by controlling DC side electricity so that system frequency declines as an example
Hold voltage reduction to discharge the energy of partition capacitance storage to power grid.At the same time, generator-side converter wear passes through the frequency to detecting
Rate deviation carries out P controls to increase active power reference value, while discharging the kinetic energy of rotor to provide frequency branch simultaneously for system
Support.But rotor speed can be made frequently to act in this way, it is unfavorable for the stabilization of system.
This specific implementation provides a kind of new control strategy, and this control strategy can automatically be sequentially activated direct current
Side capacitors and the control of wind turbine inertia support to provide inertia for system.It has the advantages of some innovations, for example, may insure be
Support and Wind energy extraction when system disturbance maximize.Particularly, it is system always preferentially to utilize the energy of DC bus capacitor storage
Inertia support is provided, only uses wind turbine inertia to provide support for system when system frequency excursion still remains Shi Caihui.It keeps away
Frequent use wind turbine inertia is exempted from, and has been an energy saving control strategy, the commercialization for being conducive to wind power plant is promoted.And
And due to reasonably devising frequency dead band to eliminate the stability mistake of system.Therefore, disturbance rear fan can return
Its maximal power tracing state.
To sum up, successfully solving Wind energy extraction and providing the contradiction between inertia support.This makes small frequency disturb
Dynamic system day-to-day operation has significant economic implications.And the raising of system in future wind energy permeability may be promoted.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of control structure carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG, including Wind turbines and
Back-to-back four quadrant convertor, back-to-back four quadrant convertor include generator-side converter wear and net side current transformer, which is characterized in that
Generator-side converter wear is maintaining DC bus capacitor device voltage；
Net side current transformer controls the normal operation of rotation speed of fan and the balance of power according to the algorithm of MPPT, using the control of VSG
System strategy, to carry out active support to mains frequency and voltage, when support, which passes through, discharges DC bus capacitor device energy and rotor
Kinetic energy reaches dynamic support.
2. a kind of control knot carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG as described in claim 1
Structure, which is characterized in that the generator-side converter wear is using DC bus-bar voltage outer shroud, the control strategy of current inner loop, control system
Outer shroud is that DC bus-bar voltage ring, the given value of DC bus-bar voltage and the deviation of actual value are exported by PI controllers as quadrature axis
Electric current converts mechanical output to electromagnetic power and is sent to DC bus to constant current by current inner loop control.
3. a kind of control knot carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG as described in claim 1
Structure, which is characterized in that the net side current transformer uses virtual synchronous generator control strategy, operating mode as follows：
(1) output reactive power and voltage adjustment
The output reactive power increment and output voltage amplitude increment of virtual synchronous generator meet the sagging relationships of Q/V, are connected in parallel on
In system, sagging Coefficient m decides distribution of the reactive load power between inverter；When load excessive, virtual synchronous power generation
When the output voltage of machine is unsatisfactory for requiring, closure switch Sv, output voltage deviation is by proportional integration link to virtual excitation electricity
Flow iFIt compensates, d, q axis built-in potential is corrected through row respectively, to eliminate output voltage amplitude error.
(2) active power of output and frequency adjustment
Under simultaneously net state, if opening simultaneously frequency modulation frequency modulation switch Sf and virtual excitation compensation compensating switch Sv, virtual synchronous
Generator runs on active reactive power (PQ) pattern, and output power is determined by value and power reference MPPT at this time, output voltage by
Limit and ac bus, outlet side are equivalent to PQ nodes；If turning on the switch Sf closure switch Sv, virtual synchronous generator operation in
Active power, voltage (PV) pattern；Under networking model, if being closed at switch Sf and switch Sv, VSG enters constant voltage constant frequency
(Vf) pattern.
4. a kind of control knot carrying out active support to mains frequency and voltage based on the PMSG of VSG as described in claim 1
Structure, which is characterized in that actively support is grading control, that is, first passes through DC bus capacitor device and release energy and be supported, if
There are still deviations then to be released energy by discharging rotor kinetic energy, and the DC capacitor voltage is constantly absorbed and discharged to protect
Hinder the support to system at any time so that rotor kinetic energy does not have to frequent action, enhances the stability of system.
5. the grid-connected active support and control structures of a kind of PMSG based on VSG according to claim 1, which is characterized in that empty
The control strategy of quasi- synchronous generator is divided into three parts：Magnetizing exciter, frequency modulator and interior ring controller；Magnetizing exciter controls virtual synchronous
Generator output reactive power or output voltage amplitude, frequency modulator control active power of output or output voltage angular frequency, inner ring
Controller realizes control rapidity and fault current limiting.
6. the grid-connected active support and control structures of a kind of PMSG based on VSG according to claim 5, which is characterized in that institute
Stating magnetizing exciter and frequency modulator also has motor synchronizing, electric voltage frequency support, sharing of load, loop current suppression ability.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109586336A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-05 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of virtual synchronous machine control method based on modularization multi-level converter |
| CN111725842A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-29 | 南通大学 | Full-power wind turbine generator control system and method with black start function |
| CN113193793A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-30 | 武汉科力源电气有限公司 | VSG technology-based synchronous motor back-to-back speed regulation method and related equipment |
| US11811354B2 (en) | 2019-04-04 | 2023-11-07 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Control of a wind turbine using split power reference signals |
| CN118117617A (en) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-05-31 | 武汉大学 | Control method for improving frequency response capability of direct-drive motor system |
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| CN113193793A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-30 | 武汉科力源电气有限公司 | VSG technology-based synchronous motor back-to-back speed regulation method and related equipment |
| CN118117617A (en) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-05-31 | 武汉大学 | Control method for improving frequency response capability of direct-drive motor system |
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Application publication date: 20181009 |