CN111725841B - Photovoltaic inverter-based power quality optimization method for distribution transformer area - Google Patents

Photovoltaic inverter-based power quality optimization method for distribution transformer area Download PDF

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CN111725841B
CN111725841B CN202010631134.9A CN202010631134A CN111725841B CN 111725841 B CN111725841 B CN 111725841B CN 202010631134 A CN202010631134 A CN 202010631134A CN 111725841 B CN111725841 B CN 111725841B
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power
photovoltaic
transformer area
transformer
reactive
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CN111725841A (en
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王强
李春海
郭殿聪
陈贺
翟志国
刘朋飞
刘海涛
芦斌
刘晓龙
崔振伟
支智勇
袁琳琳
李世敏
汪淼
梁芳蕾
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Shijiazhuang Kelin Internet Of Things Technology Co ltd
Shijiazhuang Kelin Electric Co Ltd
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Shijiazhuang Kelin Internet Of Things Technology Co ltd
Shijiazhuang Kelin Electric Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

A power quality optimization method for a distribution transformer area based on a photovoltaic inverter belongs to the control technology of photovoltaic power stations, relates to the field of power quality control, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing power quality by fully utilizing the capability of the photovoltaic power stations. The TTU obtains an output threshold value and a reactive compensation power factor set by a transformer of the transformer area, obtains an output parameter of a current transformer through alternating current collection, obtains an available capacity and an output parameter of the current photovoltaic power station through communication with the photovoltaic power station, obtains a current state of the transformer area through parameter comparison, and calculates an output level of the photovoltaic power station according to the state to adjust. The invention can prevent the counter current condition of the transformer area as much as possible, fully utilizes the capacity of photovoltaic power generation equipment of the transformer area, provides active power and reactive power compensation, has simple equipment, and can prevent users from being penalized by power companies when being applied to industrial and commercial users with medium-sized or more and application environments of schools, hospitals and the like which can be used for supplying power independently to the transformer area.

Description

Photovoltaic inverter-based power quality optimization method for distribution transformer area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the control technology of a photovoltaic power station, relates to the field of power quality control, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing power quality by fully utilizing the capability of the photovoltaic power station.
Background
In order to avoid that electric energy generated by a photovoltaic power generation system enters a public power grid (generates countercurrent) and impacts the public power grid to cause the electric energy quality of the public power grid to be reduced, Q/GDW480-2010 photovoltaic power station access power grid technical regulation is formulated by the nation, and the photovoltaic power generation system must be matched with an anti-countercurrent device for areas with weaker power grids is definitely specified. According to the requirements of national grid companies, when a photovoltaic power generation system is designed in an irreversible grid connection mode, when the fact that reverse current exceeds 5% of rated output is detected, the photovoltaic power generation system stops power transmission to a grid line within 0.5 s-2 s.
The current of the current anti-reflux device on the side of a distribution transformer is monitored in real time, and when reverse current is detected, the connection between a photovoltaic power supply and a power grid is disconnected, or the output power of a photovoltaic inverter is reduced. And after the reverse current disappears, delaying for a certain time, and reconnecting the photovoltaic power supply and the power grid or gradually increasing the output power of the photovoltaic inverter.
In this way, passive protection is performed after the occurrence of reverse flow, and active prevention is not performed before the occurrence of reverse flow.
In addition, for application scenarios in which industrial and commercial users, schools, hospitals and the like with medium-sized or larger scales can be used as a power supply for one distribution area, the problem that photovoltaic power generation causes unqualified power factors of electric energy distributed to the distribution area by a power grid is also generated, and users face fine fees by a power grid company.
In the prior art, the electric energy quality is adjusted and improved through equipment combination schemes such as a photovoltaic inverter, SVG reactive compensation and a capacitor, and the equipment is various and complex to control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing reverse flow as much as possible, fully utilizing the capacity of a photovoltaic power station, providing active power and reactive compensation and optimizing the quality of electric energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a photovoltaic inverter-based power quality optimization method for a distribution transformer area is characterized in that the distribution transformer area is provided with an intelligent distribution transformer area gateway with edge computing capability, and the gateway obtains an active power output threshold value set by a transformer of the distribution transformer areaPglAnd reactive compensation power factorPfThe method comprises the following steps:
step A, the gateway acquires the output parameters of the current transformer through alternating current acquisition and acquires the available capacity of the current photovoltaic power station through communication with the photovoltaic power stationSavAnd outputting the parameters;
step B, calculatingP1=Pac―PglPacThe active power delivered to the transformer district for the power grid,P1is the power difference;
step C, ifSav <P1Executing step F, otherwise, executing step D;
step D, calculating
Target reactive power
Figure 63697DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
User reactive power in a cellQuser=Qac+Qpv QacThe reactive power delivered to the transformer area by the power grid,Qpvfor output from photovoltaic power stationsThe reactive power of the power-generating device,
if it is notQuser < QAnd (D) executing the step (G),
if not, then,
if it is not
Figure 417318DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Executing step F, otherwise, executing step E, wherein Ppv is the active power output by the photovoltaic power generation;
step E, calculation
Active power distributionΔP=Pac―Pgl
Amount of reactive power distribution
Figure 949931DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Executing the step H;
step F,
To be provided with
Figure 414410DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
As a limiting condition, thePfIn order to achieve the object,
selecting ones satisfying constraintsΔPAndΔQcalculating the reactive power compensation power factor corresponding to the selected value
Figure 348868DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Selecting the closestPfIs/are as followsPf-tThe product isPf-tCorresponding toΔPAndΔQfor dividing active powerΔPAnd amount of reactive power distributionΔQ
Executing the step H;
step G, calculating
Amount of reactive power distributionΔQ=0
Active power distribution
Figure 358544DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Executing the step H;
step H, mixingΔPAndΔQand issuing the data to the photovoltaic power station, and adjusting the output of the photovoltaic power station.
The intelligent distribution transformer area gateway with edge computing capability calculates the power condition of the power grid transmitted to the transformer area at the present moment according to the values of voltage, current, power factor and the like obtained by AC sampling at the lower side of the transformer, compares the two values, and divides the current state of the transformer area into six types:
1. and the power transmitted to the transformer area by the power grid is too small or flows reversely, and the power factor of the transformer area is unqualified.
2. The power transmitted to the transformer area by the power grid is too large, and meanwhile, the power factor of the transformer area is unqualified.
3. The power transmitted to the platform area by the power grid is in a set interval; and meanwhile, the power factor of the transformer area is unqualified.
4. And the power transmitted to the transformer area by the power grid is too small or flows reversely, and the power factor of the transformer area is qualified.
5. The power transmitted to the transformer area by the power grid is overlarge, and the power factor of the transformer area is qualified.
6. The power transmitted to the platform area by the power grid is in a set interval; and meanwhile, the power factor of the station area is qualified.
Circularly judging the current countercurrent situation and the reactive compensation situation to obtain the current transformer area state, if the current transformer area state is in the state 6, processing is not needed, and aiming at other states, the logic calculation processing flow is as follows:
and dividing the current transformer area condition into three types and respectively calculating according to the capacity of the transformer in the transformer area, the preset percentage threshold and the reactive compensation power factor.
Case 1: photovoltaic generated energy is great, and all use in input can lead to appearing the risk of flowing against the current, needs part as active power, and part is used in input as reactive power, and the surplus is idle.
Case 2: the photovoltaic power generation capacity is small, all power needs to be input, and the input power is close to the active power side as much as possible on the premise that the power factor is normal.
Case 3: photovoltaic power generation capacity is normal, needs some as active power, and the surplus is idle.
The invention can prevent the counter current condition of the transformer area as much as possible, fully utilizes the capacity of photovoltaic power generation equipment of the transformer area, provides active power and reactive power compensation, has simple equipment, and can prevent users from being penalized by power companies when being applied to industrial and commercial users with medium-sized or more and application environments of schools, hospitals and the like which can be used for supplying power independently to the transformer area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The application scenario of the embodiment is that the industrial and commercial users with medium-sized or larger size are independently supplied with power in a distribution area, and schools, hospitals and the like. In the scene, a large number of high-power electric appliances are needed, and the high-power electric appliances are responsible for using power factors.
Firstly, judging which situation the current station area is in, and then performing calculation processing.
In the present embodiment, there are three cases.
Case 1: photovoltaic generated energy is great, and all use in input can lead to appearing the risk of flowing against the current, needs part as active power, and part is used in input as reactive power, and the surplus is idle.
Case 2: the photovoltaic power generation capacity is small, all power needs to be input, and the input power is close to the active power side as much as possible on the premise that the power factor is normal.
Case 3: photovoltaic power generation capacity is normal, needs some as active power, and the surplus is idle.
Referring to fig. 1, the intelligent distribution transformer area gateway with edge computing capability performs the determination and calculation process through the following steps.
The intelligent distribution transformer area gateway with the edge computing capability can be an intelligent distribution Transformer Terminal (TTU), a transformer area intelligent fusion terminal and an intelligent photovoltaic terminal. The TTU is taken as an example below.
The TTU can obtain the transformer output threshold of the transformer area according to the capacity of the transformer area and the preset percentage thresholdPglNamely the target active power transmitted to the transformer area by the power grid; reactive compensation power factorPfIs preset.
A, TTU obtaining the current transformer output parameters through AC collection, and obtaining the active power transmitted to the distribution room by the power grid through communication with the photovoltaic power stationPacActive power output by photovoltaic power generationPpvMagnitude of active load of subscriber in station areaPuserSatisfy the requirement ofPuser=Pac+Ppv. Reactive power delivered by power grid to distribution areaQacReactive power output by photovoltaic power generationQpvMagnitude of user reactive load in the areaQuserSatisfy the requirement ofQuser=Qac+Qpv. WhereinPacAndQacobtained by the direct ac sampling of the terminal,PpvandQpvand communicating with the TTU through the inverter.
Step B, calculatingPacAndPglthe arithmetic difference of (c).
Step C, the arithmetic difference and the current available capacity of photovoltaic power generation are comparedSavFor comparison, ifSavIf the active power demand exceeds the total photovoltaic energy, judging that the situation is 2, and executing the step F; otherwise, continuing to judge and executing the step D.
Step D, supposing the active power of the distribution area to be adjusted toPglAccording to the formula
Figure 378452DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
QIn order to be the reactive power,Pglin order to be the active power,Pfas power factor) to a target power factorPfRequired reactive powerQAnd practically uses reactive power with usersQuserAnd (6) carrying out comparison. If it isQuser < QThat is, it is necessary to increase the reactive power in the platform area, and the inverter cannot output the reactive power in the reverse direction, and it is determined as case 3, step G is performed.
Otherwise, adjusting the obtained reactive powerQpv-QAnd active power adjustmentPpv-PglApparent power obtained
Figure 381043DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
AndSavcomparing if the apparent power is greater thanSavIf yes, judging the situation to be 2, and executing the step F; otherwise, the situation is determined as 1, and step E is executed.
Step E, aiming at the situation 1, the active power is obtainedAmount of power splitΔPConstant is (Pac―Pgl) Substituting the target power factor Pf into the power control unit to calculate the reactive power distribution
Figure 170008DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Step F, aiming at the situation 2, utilizing photovoltaic power generation
Figure 599852DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
This relationship is calculated as a constraintΔPAndΔQhow large the power factor is to reach the target value Pf is respectively allocated.
In this embodiment, the selection satisfies the constraintΔPAndΔQcalculating the reactive power compensation power factor corresponding to the selected value
Figure 107057DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Selecting the closestPfIs/are as followsPf-tThe product isPf-tCorresponding toΔPAndΔQfor dividing active powerΔPAnd amount of reactive power distributionΔQ
In this embodiment, a step algorithm is adopted: according to the set precision, settingΔPThe amount of change per time; according to the calculatedΔPAnd the variation amount is selected differentlyΔP(ii) a According to the limit conditionΔQAnd then calculate outPf-tAnd (6) carrying out comparison.
Step G, aiming at the situation 3, distributing the reactive powerΔQConstant at 0, substituting the target power factorPfCalculating to obtain the distribution quantity of active power
Figure 647759DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Calculating the active power distribution amount according to the condition of the transformer areaΔPReactive power distributionΔQThen, step H is executed, andΔPandΔQand issuing the data to the photovoltaic power station, and adjusting the output of the photovoltaic power station.
According to the algorithm, three phases are respectively calculated to obtain respective three-phase circuitsCorresponding to each otherΔPAndΔQand after the three phases are issued, the three phases are respectively adjusted.
In practical applications, only A, B, C phases may be selected for calculation.
If the actual site adopts the independent adjustment mode of each phase, the corresponding adjustment mode is adoptedΔPAndΔQthe data are interactively issued to the photovoltaic inverter through communication, and the photovoltaic inverter obtains the data according to the dataΔPAndΔQthe output is adjusted.
If a three-phase unified regulation mode is adopted in an actual field, namely three-phase regulation quantity needs to be kept consistent, the following logic is entered:
adjusting the power factor of each phase as a targetΔPAndΔQthe power factor of each phase is kept balanced. The method for keeping balance is to set a power factor floating valueΔPfRegulating is madeΔPAndΔQso that the power factor of each phase falls withinPfΔPf, Pf +ΔPf]Within the range.
If the data of the A phase is selected for calculation, the power factor floating value is setΔPfIn the term ofPfΔPf, Pf +ΔPf]As a regulating range, toΔPAndΔQthe basic adjustment value is that the three phases do not exceed the anti-reflux threshold value (the three phases do not have the possibility of reflux) and the power factor is inPfΔPf, Pf +ΔPf]Under the premise of within range, the step-by-step algorithm is adopted to increaseΔPCalculating to maximize the three-phase power factorΔPAndΔQand (4) taking values.
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure 556810DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
wherein the content of the first and second substances,PacandQacand the active power and the reactive power which are transmitted on the corresponding phases to the transformer area are supplied to the power grid.
To be calculatedΔPAndΔQas the final distribution quantity, the final distribution quantity is sent to the photovoltaic inverter through communication interaction, and the photovoltaic inverter obtains the final distribution quantity according to the distribution quantityΔPAndΔQthe output is adjusted.

Claims (8)

1. A power quality optimization method for a distribution transformer area based on a photovoltaic inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps that an intelligent distribution transformer area gateway with edge computing capability is configured in a transformer area, and the gateway obtains an active power output threshold value set by a transformer in the transformer areaPglAnd reactive compensation power factorPfThe method comprises the following steps:
step A, the gateway acquires the output parameters of the current transformer through alternating current acquisition and acquires the available capacity of the current photovoltaic power station through communication with the photovoltaic power stationSavAnd outputting the parameters;
step B, calculatingP1=Pac―PglPacThe active power delivered to the transformer district for the power grid,P1is the power difference;
step C, ifSav <P1Executing step F, otherwise, executing step D;
step D, calculating
Target reactive power
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
User reactive power in a cellQuser=Qac+Qpv QacThe reactive power delivered to the transformer area by the power grid,Qpvis the reactive power output by the photovoltaic power station,
if it is notQuser < QAnd (D) executing the step (G),
if not, then,
if it is not
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Step F is performed, otherwise, step E is performed, wherein,Ppvactive power output for photovoltaic power generation;
step E, calculation
Active power distributionΔP=Pac―Pgl
Amount of reactive power distribution
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Executing the step H;
step F,
To be provided with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
As a limiting condition, thePfIn order to achieve the object,
selecting ones satisfying constraintsΔPAndΔQcalculating the reactive power compensation power factor corresponding to the selected value
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Selecting the closestPfIs/are as followsPf-tThe product isPf-tCorresponding toΔPAndΔQfor dividing active powerΔPAnd amount of reactive power distributionΔQ
Executing the step H;
step G, calculating
Amount of reactive power distributionΔQ=0
Active power distribution
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Executing the step H;
step H, mixingΔPAndΔQand issuing the data to the photovoltaic power station, and adjusting the output of the photovoltaic power station.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step F, the calculation is performed in a step-wise algorithm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data for an optional phase is calculated.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the result of the calculation is the value of the regulated output of each phase of the photovoltaic power plant.
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized by adjusting the power factor of each phase as a targetΔPAndΔQthe power factor of each phase is kept balanced.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the power factor floating value is setΔPfRegulating is madeΔPAndΔQso that the power factor of each phase falls withinPfΔPf, Pf +ΔPf]Within the range.
7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the three phases are calculated separately, the result of the calculation being the value of the regulated output of each phase of the photovoltaic power plant.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent distribution transformer area gateway with edge computing capability is an intelligent distribution transformer terminal, or an intelligent transformer area convergence terminal, or an intelligent photovoltaic terminal.
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CN111725841B (en) * 2020-07-03 2021-11-02 石家庄科林物联网科技有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter-based power quality optimization method for distribution transformer area

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