CN111722420B - Super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter - Google Patents
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- CN111722420B CN111722420B CN202010560811.2A CN202010560811A CN111722420B CN 111722420 B CN111722420 B CN 111722420B CN 202010560811 A CN202010560811 A CN 202010560811A CN 111722420 B CN111722420 B CN 111722420B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum space mode converter, which relates to the field of micro-nano optics and comprises a plurality of silicon nano brick units arranged on the same plane according to a set rule, wherein each silicon nano brick unit comprises a silicon dioxide substrate and silicon nano bricks positioned on the silicon dioxide substrate, the set rule is that the silicon nano bricks of a first quadrant and a third quadrant are mutually vertical, the silicon nano bricks of a second quadrant and a fourth quadrant are mutually vertical, the included angle between the silicon nano bricks of the first quadrant and the second quadrant is 45 degrees, and the silicon nano bricks in each quadrant are distributed in an array. The invention adopts a simple geometric method combining phase and transmission phase to regulate and control the spatial mode of the optical spin angular momentum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-nano optics, in particular to a super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter.
Background
The spin angular momentum light beam is a polarized light beam carrying rotary angular momentum, generally consists of circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, and has attracted a lot of attention and applications in the fields of basic physics and engineering, such as a photon spin hall effect, the traditional optical communication and quantum communication technology, optical sensing and control and the like. The traditional control of the spin angular momentum beams depends on devices such as lenses, spatial light modulators and the like, the devices are large in size, complex in system structure, not easy to integrate, high in cost and particularly expensive in long-wave band devices.
The super surface is composed of an ultrathin optical resonance micro-nano structure, and can realize precise regulation and control on the intensity, phase and polarization of optical waves. In various super-surface structures, a geometrical phase super-surface is effective for regulating and controlling optical spin angular momentum. The geometric phase super surface regulates and controls the spatial phase distribution by changing the rotation angle of the periodically arranged resonance structures. At present, the geometric phase super surface is widely applied to the fields of high-performance holography, lenses, image display and the like. However, the regulation of the spatial mode of the optical spin angular momentum is rarely reported at present, and the method adopting a pure geometric phase is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter, which adopts a simple geometric method combining a phase and a transmission phase to regulate and control the spatial mode of optical spin angular momentum.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical scheme that the silicon nano-brick unit comprises a plurality of silicon nano-brick units arranged on the same plane according to a set rule, wherein the silicon nano-brick units comprise a silicon dioxide substrate and silicon nano-bricks positioned on the silicon dioxide substrate, the set rule is that the silicon nano-bricks in a first quadrant and a third quadrant are mutually perpendicular, the silicon nano-bricks in a second quadrant and a fourth quadrant are mutually perpendicular, an included angle between the silicon nano-bricks in the first quadrant and the silicon nano-bricks in the second quadrant is 45 °, and the silicon nano-bricks in each quadrant are distributed in an array.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the silicon nano bricks in the first quadrant are transversely arranged, and the top ends of the silicon nano bricks in the second quadrant face to the upper left.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in each quadrant, the connecting lines between the silicon nano-bricks which are transversely arranged are vertical to the connecting lines between the silicon nano-bricks which are longitudinally arranged.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the refractive index of the silicon nano brick is 3.67, and the refractive index of the silicon dioxide substrate is 1.53.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the expression formula of the phase of the silicon nano brick is as follows:
wherein φ represents the phase, subscripts-+Indicating that the incident light is right-handed, the emergent light is left-handed, subscript+-Indicating that the incident light is left-handed, the emergent light is right-handed,
representing the transmission phase and theta the geometric phase.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the phase difference between the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light of the silicon nano brick in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 180 degrees.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the thickness of the silicon nano brick is 850 nm.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the first quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 250nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 370nm, in the second quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 380nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 180nm, in the third quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 370nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 250nm, and in the fourth quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 380nm, and the width of the silicon nano brick is 180 nm.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the incident light of the optical spin angular momentum space mode converter is spin angular momentum light.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the spin angular momentum light is circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the silicon nano brick units are arranged on the same plane according to a set rule, the super-surface technology is applied, and a simple geometric method combining a phase and a transmission phase is adopted to regulate and control the spatial mode of the optical spin angular momentum, so that the silicon nano brick units can be effectively applied to the fields of optical communication, light with a complex structure, quantum optics and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface based optical spin-angular-momentum spatial-mode converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a silicon nanoblock unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation result of the fundamental mode gaussian beam after passing through the optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum space mode converter, which adopts a simple geometric method combining a phase and a transmission phase to regulate and control a space mode of optical spin angular momentum.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the invention provides a super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter, which is composed of a plurality of silicon nano-brick units arranged on the same plane according to a set rule, and referring to fig. 2, the silicon nano-brick unit is a specific structure of the silicon nano-brick unit, the silicon nano-brick unit includes a silicon dioxide substrate and a silicon nano-brick located on the silicon dioxide substrate, the silicon nano-brick is made of pure silicon, the silicon dioxide substrate is made of silicon dioxide, and the silicon nano-brick is in a cubic structure.
For the setting rule in the embodiment of the invention, in four quadrants formed by dividing a two-dimensional coordinate system, the silicon nano bricks of the first quadrant and the third quadrant are mutually vertical, the silicon nano bricks of the second quadrant and the fourth quadrant are mutually vertical, the included angle between the silicon nano bricks of the first quadrant and the second quadrant is 45 degrees, and the silicon nano bricks in each quadrant are distributed in an array. In fig. 1, numeral 1 denotes a first quadrant, numeral 2 denotes a second quadrant, numeral 3 denotes a third quadrant, and numeral 4 denotes a fourth quadrant.
In the optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter according to the embodiment of the present invention, the silicon nanoballs located in the first quadrant are arranged laterally, and the top end of the silicon nanoballs in the second quadrant faces the upper left. In each quadrant, the connecting lines between the silicon nano-bricks which are transversely arranged are mutually vertical to the connecting lines between the silicon nano-bricks which are longitudinally arranged. In each quadrant, the distance between two adjacent silicon nano bricks in the transverse direction is the same, and the distance between two adjacent silicon nano bricks in the vertical direction is the same.
The refractive index of the silica nanoblock is 3.67, and the refractive index of the silica substrate is 1.53. The expression formula of the phase of the silicon nano-brick is as follows:
wherein φ represents the phase, subscripts-+Indicating that the incident light is right-handed and the emergent light is left-handed+-Indicating that the incident light is left-handed, the emergent light is right-handed,
representing the transmission phase and theta the geometric phase. Wherein, the geometric phase is determined by the rotation angle of the silicon nano brick.
The phase difference between the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light of the silicon nano brick in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 180 degrees. According to the number and arrangement of the silicon nano bricks in fig. 1, the silicon nano bricks are 11-mode optical spin angular momentum space mode converters. Taking the design at 1550nm wavelength as an example, in order to achieve conversion from the fundamental mode to the 11-mode (including 11a and 11b), it is necessary that the phase distributions of the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants satisfy 180 °, 180 °, 0 °, 0 ° (11a), and 180 °, 0 °, 0 °, 180 ° (11 b).
In one embodiment, the thickness is 850nm for the specific structural parameters of the silicon nanoblock. In the first quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 250nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 370nm, the phase difference between the transmission phase of linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 178.6 degrees, the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction is 178.6 degrees, the geometric phase is 0 degree, and phi is-+Is 178.6 DEG phi+-And is 178.6. In the second quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 380nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 180nm, the phase difference between the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 182.3 degrees, the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction is 87.3 degrees, the geometric phase is 45 degrees, and phi is phi-+Is 177.3 DEG, phi+-Is-2.7 degrees. In the third quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 370nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 250nm, the phase difference between the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 181.4 degrees, the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction is 0 degree, the geometric phase is 0 degree, phi is phi-+Is 0 DEG phi+-Is 0 deg.. In the fourth quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 380nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 180nm, the phase difference between the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 182.3 degrees, the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the x-axis direction is 87.3 degrees, the geometric phase is minus 45 degrees, and phi is-+Is-2.7 DEG phi+-And 177.3. In FIG. 2, h represents the thickness of the silicon nanoblock, dx represents the length of the silicon nanoblock, and dy represents the width of the silicon nanoblock.
In the optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter of the embodiment of the invention, the incident light is spin angular momentum light, specifically, the spin angular momentum light is circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, that is, circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light is adopted for incidence, and the mode is a fundamental mode in Gaussian distribution. The optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter of the embodiment of the invention mainly depends on a super-surface resonance structure. After the spin angular momentum light wave passes through the optical spin angular momentum space mode converter, the fundamental mode is converted into an optical high-order mode, the incident left-hand angular momentum is converted into right-hand, and the incident right-hand rotation is converted into left-hand.
Referring to fig. 3, a calculation result of a gaussian beam in a fundamental mode after passing through the super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter of the present invention is shown, where a right-handed rotation incidence (RCP) can convert the fundamental mode into an 11a mode, and simultaneously, the polarization of the emergent light is converted into left-handed light; left-handed light enters (LCP), and the base film is converted to 11b mode, while the polarization of the exiting light is converted to right-handed rotation.
The super-surface-based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter is formed by arranging a plurality of silicon nano brick units on the same plane according to a set rule, utilizes a super-surface technology, adopts a simple geometric method combining a phase and a transmission phase, regulates and controls a spatial mode of optical spin angular momentum, and can be effectively applied to the fields of optical communication, light with a complex structure, quantum optics and the like.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable coupling as well as integral coupling; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. An optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter based on a super-surface, characterized in that: the silicon nano-brick units are arranged on the same plane according to a set rule, each silicon nano-brick unit comprises a silicon dioxide substrate and silicon nano-bricks positioned on the silicon dioxide substrate, the set rule is that the silicon nano-bricks of a first quadrant and a third quadrant are mutually vertical, the silicon nano-bricks of a second quadrant and a fourth quadrant are mutually vertical, the included angle between the silicon nano-bricks of the first quadrant and the silicon nano-bricks of the second quadrant is 45 degrees, and the silicon nano-bricks in each quadrant are distributed in an array manner;
the silicon nano bricks in the first quadrant are transversely arranged, and the top ends of the silicon nano bricks in the second quadrant face to the upper left; in each quadrant, the connecting lines among the silicon nano-bricks which are transversely arranged are vertical to the connecting lines among the silicon nano-bricks which are longitudinally arranged; in each quadrant, the distance between two adjacent silicon nano bricks is the same in the transverse direction, and the distance between two adjacent silicon nano bricks is the same in the vertical direction;
the light spin angular momentum space mode converter is characterized in that incident light of the light spin angular momentum space mode converter is spin angular momentum light, when the spin angular momentum light wave passes through the light spin angular momentum space mode converter, a base mode is converted into an optical high-order mode, incident left-hand angular momentum is converted into right-hand rotation, and incident right-hand rotation is converted into left-hand rotation.
2. A super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the refractive index of the silicon nano brick is 3.67, and the refractive index of the silicon dioxide substrate is 1.53.
3. A super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter according to claim 1, wherein the phase of the silicon nanoblock is expressed by the formula:
wherein phi represents phase, subscript- + represents that incident light is dextrorotation, emergent light is levorotation, subscript + -represents that incident light is levorotation, emergent light is dextrorotation,
representing the transmission phase and theta the geometric phase.
4. A super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the phase difference between the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light of the silicon nano brick in the x-axis direction and the transmission phase of the linearly polarized light in the y-axis direction is 180 degrees.
5. A super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the silicon nano brick is 850 nm.
6. A super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the first quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 250nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 370nm, in the second quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 380nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 180nm, in the third quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 370nm, the width of the silicon nano brick is 250nm, and in the fourth quadrant, the length of the silicon nano brick is 380nm, and the width of the silicon nano brick is 180 nm.
7. A super-surface based optical spin angular momentum spatial mode converter, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spin angular momentum light is circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light.
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