CN111721640A - High-temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system - Google Patents
High-temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111721640A CN111721640A CN202010486057.2A CN202010486057A CN111721640A CN 111721640 A CN111721640 A CN 111721640A CN 202010486057 A CN202010486057 A CN 202010486057A CN 111721640 A CN111721640 A CN 111721640A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 122
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
- G01N2203/024—Corrosive
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of material mechanical property testing, and discloses a high-temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system, which comprises an inner sealed upper cover, an inner cavity box, an outer sealed upper cover, an outer cavity baffle and an integral bottom plate, wherein the inner cavity and the outer cavity are double-layer sealed, and a heating device is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity box; the outer cavity baffle is connected with four sets of linear actuating devices for realizing stretching or compressing actuation in four directions on the same horizontal plane; each linear actuating device is covered with a sealing cylinder outside a section between the inner cavity box and the outer cavity baffle; the inner cavity, the outer cavity and the sealing cylinder are respectively provided with different gas supply and exhaust systems and gas detection devices, so that a suitable and safe gas environment is provided for a hydrogen corrosion test of the hydrogen corrosion resistant material. The invention is suitable for severe environments such as high temperature and hydrogen, can realize a mechanical test system of complex stress loading through system control, and fills the blank of a high-temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system in domestic markets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material mechanical property testing, and particularly relates to a mechanical test system applied to a high-temperature hydrogen environment.
Background
With the development of modern industries in the fields of aerospace, nuclear power, chemical industry and the like, devices working for a long time in a high-temperature hydrogen environment are gradually increased. Hydrogen is used as flammable, explosive and easily-diffused gas, has a corrosion effect on metal materials at a high temperature, is easy to generate hydrogen leakage danger if equipment materials and material thicknesses working in a hydrogen environment are not properly selected, and can cause hydrogen embrittlement and breakage phenomena of the materials when the equipment materials and the materials are serious, so that severe accidents such as explosion and the like can be caused.
In order to solve the problem of hydrogen corrosion, the performance of hydrogen corrosion resistant alloy materials such as titanium, zirconium, magnesium and the like has been systematically studied in various countries around the world. At present, most of mechanical testing machines on the domestic market can only provide a high-temperature environment and cannot provide a high-temperature hydrogen environment similar to the actual working condition, and a few of mechanical testing machines can provide a simple hydrogen environment and a heating facility, but have potential safety hazards, and the mechanical test which can be carried out only comprises one of stretching and compression, cannot realize in-situ observation, and cannot carry out research on the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy material in the high-temperature hydrogen environment. In order to establish a failure model of the hydrogen corrosion resistant alloy material in a high-temperature hydrogen environment and test various mechanical performance parameters of the hydrogen corrosion resistant alloy material in the high-temperature hydrogen environment, the development of a mechanical testing machine applied to the high-temperature hydrogen environment is urgently needed in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the conventional mechanical testing machine cannot carry out comprehensive mechanical property testing in a high-temperature hydrogen environment, provides a high-temperature hydrogen in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical testing system, is suitable for severe environments such as high temperature and hydrogen, can realize a mechanical testing system with complex stress loading through system control, and fills the gap of the high-temperature hydrogen in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical testing system in the domestic market.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-temperature hydrogen in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system comprises an inner cavity box arranged in the middle of an integral bottom plate, wherein an outer cavity baffle is arranged at the edge of the integral bottom plate, the top of the outer cavity baffle is connected with an outer sealing upper cover in a sealing manner, the outer sealing upper cover is embedded with an inner sealing upper cover, and the inner sealing upper cover is connected to the top of the inner cavity box in a sealing manner; the inner sealing upper cover, the inner cavity box, the outer sealing upper cover, the outer cavity baffle and the integral bottom plate form a double-layer sealed inner cavity and an outer cavity; the bottom of the inner cavity box is provided with a heating device which is used for heating the sample in the inner cavity box;
the outer cavity baffle is connected with four sets of linear actuating devices, and the four sets of linear actuating devices are used for realizing stretching or compressing actuation in four directions on the same horizontal plane; each set of linear actuating device comprises a motor provided with a displacement sensor, the motor is connected with an electric cylinder through a conveyor belt wheel set, the cylinder body part of the electric cylinder is hermetically fixed on the outer cavity baffle plate, an actuating shaft of the electric cylinder penetrates through the outer cavity baffle plate and is connected with a locking flange through a connecting piece, the locking flange is connected with a main shaft pull rod through a spoke type load sensor, and the main shaft pull rods of the four sets of linear actuating devices are perpendicular to each other in four directions on the horizontal plane; the main shaft pull rod penetrates through the inner cavity box, the end part of the main shaft pull rod is connected with flat plate clamps, and the four flat plate clamps are used for clamping a sample of the inner cavity box;
each linear actuating device is provided with a sealing cylinder outside a section between the inner cavity box and the outer cavity baffle, and two ends of the sealing cylinder are respectively fixed on the inner cavity box and the outer cavity baffle in a sealing manner; a plurality of high-temperature sealing gaskets are arranged between the main shaft pull rod and the inner cavity box of each linear actuating device, two air passages are formed in each shaft hole for installing the main shaft pull rod of the inner cavity box, and the two air passages are respectively used for circularly introducing nitrogen and discharging gas to a gap between the main shaft pull rod and the inner cavity box;
the inner cavity box is connected with an inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, an inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe, an inner cavity air exhaust pipe and an inner cavity test exhaust pipe, and an inner cavity gas concentration detection device and a thermocouple are arranged in the inner cavity box; the outer cavity baffle is connected with an outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe and an outer cavity air outlet pipe, and at least four outer cavity gas concentration detection devices which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are installed on the outer cavity baffle; the inner environment of each sealing cylinder is communicated with a sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet and a sealing cylinder gas outlet, the sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet and the sealing cylinder gas outlet are both arranged on the outer cavity baffle, and the sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet and the sealing cylinder gas outlet are simultaneously communicated with the two air passages respectively;
the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the outer cavity air exhaust pipe, a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder through the sealing cylinder nitrogen gas inlet, and a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder through the sealing cylinder gas outlet are all provided with electric valves; the inner cavity test exhaust pipe is provided with a pressure release valve for keeping the inner cavity at normal pressure when an electric valve of the inner cavity test exhaust pipe is opened; the outer cavity air exhaust pipe is provided with a pressure release valve for keeping the outer cavity at normal pressure when the electric valve of the outer cavity air exhaust pipe is opened.
Furthermore, high-temperature-resistant sealing gaskets are respectively clamped between the outer sealing upper cover and the outer cavity baffle and between the inner sealing upper cover and the inner cavity box.
Further, the inner sealing upper cover is provided with an anti-fog window, and a lens is arranged above the anti-fog window.
Further, the heating device is a ceramic heating sheet, and fins are arranged on the inner bottom surface of the inner cavity box.
Furthermore, the outer cavity baffle is provided with a sensor line vacuum joint, and the sensor line vacuum joint is connected with a signal line of the spoke type load sensor in each sealing cylinder.
Furthermore, the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the outer cavity air exhaust pipe, a pipeline communicated with the sealing cylinder nitrogen gas inlet and the sealing cylinder internal environment, and an electric valve of a pipeline communicated with the sealing cylinder gas outlet and the sealing cylinder internal environment are all in signal connection with a computer; the inner cavity gas concentration detection device and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device are connected with the computer through signals.
Furthermore, the computer is used for controlling the opening of the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe and the outer cavity air exhaust pipe before the test is started, and the inner cavity gas concentration detection device and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device respectively collect an oxygen concentration signal of the inner cavity and an oxygen concentration signal of the outer cavity and transmit the signals to the computer; the computer obtains that the oxygen concentration signal of the inner cavity and the oxygen concentration signal of the outer cavity are both zero, the computer controls the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe and the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe to be closed and controls the electric valves of the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe and the inner cavity test exhaust pipe to be opened, and the inner cavity gas concentration detection device and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device respectively collect the hydrogen concentration signal of the inner cavity and the hydrogen concentration signal of the outer cavity and transmit the hydrogen concentration signals to the computer; the computer obtains that the hydrogen concentration signal of the inner cavity reaches a set value, and then the computer controls the electric valve of the hydrogen inlet pipe of the inner cavity to be closed so as to maintain the hydrogen concentration of the inner cavity at the set value;
the computer is used for controlling the electric valves of the pipeline communicated with the internal environment of the sealing barrel and the pipeline communicated with the internal environment of the sealing barrel at the initial point of a set time interval in the test process to be opened, and controlling the electric valves of the pipeline communicated with the internal environment of the sealing barrel and the gas outlet of the sealing barrel to be closed at the end point of the set time interval.
Furthermore, the computer is used for controlling the electric valve of the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe to be closed under the condition that the obtained hydrogen concentration signal of the outer cavity reaches the warning value, and the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe and the outer cavity air exhaust pipe are opened.
Furthermore, the motor and the displacement sensor of each linear actuating device are connected with a computer through a servo driver, and the spoke type load sensor is connected with the computer through signals; the displacement sensor is used for acquiring a real-time displacement signal and transmitting the real-time displacement signal to the computer through the servo driver, and the spoke type load sensor is used for acquiring a real-time load signal and transmitting the real-time load signal to the computer; the computer is used for controlling the motor to perform mechanical loading through the servo driver according to test setting, and controlling the motor to adjust in real time through the servo driver according to a current feedback displacement signal or load signal.
Furthermore, the heating device and the thermocouple are in signal connection with a computer through a temperature controller; the thermocouple is used for collecting real-time temperature signals of the internal environment of the inner cavity box and transmitting the real-time temperature signals to the computer through the temperature controller, and the computer is used for controlling the opening and closing of the heating device through the temperature controller according to test setting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes double-shaft loading by the linear actuating devices in four directions on the same horizontal plane, has reliable and reasonable design, saves space, has high loading precision and large load range, can provide the functions of biaxial tension and compression, realizes complex stress loading, and is suitable for mechanical loading test tests of various materials in a high-temperature hydrogen environment;
the invention prevents hydrogen from leaking or contacting with air by various sealing modes such as inner and outer cavity sealing, gap gas path sealing, sealing cylinder sealing, vacuum sealing joint and the like, and is provided with a plurality of gas concentration detection devices and a plurality of electric valves which are connected by a computer, thereby forming gas path control which can be adjusted in real time according to gas concentration and ensuring safe and efficient test;
the mechanical property test of the hydrogen corrosion resistant material under the action of the biaxial load in the high-temperature hydrogen environment can be safely realized by introducing nitrogen and hydrogen into the sealed environment box and arranging the heating device, and an effective test means is provided for the mechanical property of the hydrogen corrosion resistant material;
therefore, the high-temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system provided by the invention realizes the force-heat coupling test in the hydrogen environment by introducing the high-temperature hydrogen environment box into the biaxial testing machine and matching with various sealing modes and gas circuit control, and has important application prospects in modern industrial fields such as aerospace, nuclear power and chemical industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature in-situ biaxial mechanical test system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the top seal in the high temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical testing system of the example;
FIG. 3 is a bottom structure view of an inner cavity tank in the high temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical testing system according to the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear actuator in the high temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical testing system according to the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing cylinder in the high temperature in-situ biaxial mechanical testing system according to the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the spindle drawbar and the inner chamber box in the high temperature in-situ biaxial mechanical test system according to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a high temperature in-situ biaxial mechanical testing system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the state of use of the high temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system according to the example.
In the above figures: 1: an inner chamber box; 2: an outer cavity baffle; 3: an integral base plate; 4: the upper cover is sealed externally; 5: an inner sealing upper cover; 6: a high temperature resistant seal gasket; 7: an anti-fog window; 8: a ceramic heating plate; 9: an inner cavity bottom plate; 10: a fin; 11: a linear actuator; 11-1: a high torque motor; 11-2: a displacement sensor; 11-3: a planetary gear reducer; 11-4: a conveyor belt wheel set; 11-5: an electric cylinder; 11-6: the front end cover is provided with a flange; 11-7: a connecting member; 11-8: locking the flange; 11-9: a spoke-type load sensor; 11-10: a main shaft pull rod; 11-11: a flat plate clamp; 12: a sealing cylinder; 13: a high temperature sealing gasket; 14: an airway; 15: a nitrogen inlet pipe of the inner cavity; 16: an inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe; 17: an inner cavity air exhaust pipe; 18: an inner cavity test exhaust pipe; 19: an inner cavity gas concentration detection device; 20: a thermocouple; 21: an outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe; 22: an outer cavity air exhaust pipe; 23: an outer cavity gas concentration detection device; 24: a nitrogen inlet of the sealing cylinder; 25: a sealed canister gas outlet; 26: a sensor line vacuum connection; 27: an optical platform; 28: a lens mounting bracket; 29: a gas partial pressure detector; 30: a high-speed CCD lens; 31: a servo driver; 32: a computer; 33: a temperature controller.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system, which realizes a loading test of a biaxial mechanical test machine in a high-temperature in-situ environment by providing combined actions of a double-layer sealed high-temperature environment, stress loading in four horizontal directions, air supply and exhaust, detection device layout, system control, and the like.
The double-layer sealed high-temperature environment mainly comprises an inner cavity box 1 and an outer cavity baffle 2, wherein the inner cavity box 1 and the outer cavity baffle 2 are made of stainless steel materials and are integrally cut, and the sealing requirements are met except necessary connecting holes. The inner cavity box 1 can be designed into a cube in shape, and the inner cavity is designed into a cylinder; the sealed section of thick bamboo 12 and the rational arrangement gas circuit are convenient for connect to the square appearance, and the cylinder inner chamber can reduce the interference that the air current caused to the observation, guarantees the reliability of observation result. The outer cavity baffle 2 can be designed into a regular octahedron, which is convenient for connecting the linear actuator 11, the sealing cylinder 12 and reasonably arranging the gas circuit. Inner cavity box 1 and outer cavity blockThe plates 2 are all fixed on the whole bottom plate 3, and the middle part of the whole bottom plate 3 can be provided with a positioning groove for positioning the inner cavity box 1. The whole bottom plate 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes, and fixing bolts for the inner cavity box 1 and the outer cavity baffle 2 penetrate through the through holes to be connected with the optical platform 27. Referring to fig. 2, the top of the outer cavity baffle 2 is fixedly connected with an outer sealing upper cover 4 through a bolt, an inner sealing upper cover 5 is arranged in the middle of the outer sealing upper cover 4 and is fixedly arranged in the hole through a bolt, the inner sealing upper cover 5 is fixedly connected with the outer sealing upper cover 4 through a bolt, and the inner sealing upper cover 5 is fixedly connected with the top of the inner cavity box 1 through a bolt. High-temperature-resistant sealing gaskets 6 are respectively clamped between the outer sealing upper cover 4 and the outer cavity baffle 2 and between the inner sealing upper cover 5 and the inner cavity box 1 to ensure good sealing property. Therefore, the inner sealing upper cover 5, the inner cavity box 1, the outer sealing upper cover 4, the outer cavity baffle 2 and the whole bottom plate 3 form a double-layer sealed inner cavity and an outer cavity. The inner sealing upper cover 5 is provided with an antifogging window 7, so that real-time in-situ observation can be realized; the surface of the antifogging window 7 facing the inside of the inner cavity box 1 is provided with CaCO3/SiO2The composite particle antifogging coating prevents the inner surface of the antifogging window 7 from fogging. Referring to fig. 3, a heating device is disposed at the bottom of the inner chamber box 1 for heating the sample in the inner chamber box 1; the heating device is preferably a ceramic heating plate 8 arranged in a partition layer at the bottom of the inner cavity box 1, and the ceramic heating plate 8 is fixed on the inner cavity box 1 through an inner cavity bottom plate 9. The inner bottom surface of the inner chamber case 1 is provided with fins 10 for increasing heat conduction.
The outer cavity baffle 2 is connected with four sets of linear actuating devices 11, and the four sets of linear actuating devices 11 can realize stretching or compressing actuation in four directions on the same horizontal plane, so that complex stress loading simulation is realized. As shown in FIG. 4, each set of linear actuator 11 comprises a large torque motor 11-1 and an electric cylinder 11-5 which are arranged in parallel up and down, the large torque motor 11-1 is connected with the electric cylinder 11-5 through a planetary gear reducer 11-3 and a conveyor belt wheel set 11-4, and the arrangement and the connection mode enable the structure to be compact and reduce the occupied space. The end part of the large-torque motor 11-1 is provided with a displacement sensor 11-2, and the displacement sensor 11-2 is used for measuring the rotation data of the large-torque motor 11-1 and outputting the displacement data. The cylinder body part of the electric cylinder 11-5 is fixed on the outer cavity baffle 2 through a front end cover with a flange 11-6 by bolts, and the front end cover with the flange 11-6 is hermetically connected with the outer cavity baffle 2; the actuating shaft of the electric cylinder 11-5 passes through the outer cavity baffle 2 and is in threaded connection with the locking flange 11-8 through a connecting piece 11-7. One side of the spoke type load sensor 11-9 is connected with a locking flange 11-8 through bolts which are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, and the center of the other side is provided with an internal threaded hole which is in threaded connection with an external threaded joint at one end of a main shaft pull rod 11-10. The radial load sensors 11-9 are arranged on the linear actuating devices 11 in the two coaxial directions, real-time load signals in each direction can be transmitted to the computer 32, and the computer 32 realizes load control on the four groups of linear actuating devices 11, so that the inconsistency of opposite loads caused by the inexhaustible centering of sample positions is avoided. Meanwhile, due to the compact arrangement form of the displacement sensor 11-2, the large-torque motor 11-1 and the electric cylinder 11-5, the test system can realize a displacement stroke of more than 50mm by using smaller equipment on the premise that the load can reach more than 10KN, has the functions of bidirectional stretching and bidirectional compression, can reach +/-0.001 mm in displacement precision, and solves the problem that the opposite load and the displacement of a sample cannot be accurately measured in a biaxial test. The axes of the main shaft pull rods 10 of the four sets of linear actuating devices are vertical to each other in four directions on the horizontal plane. Each spindle drawbar 10 passes through the inner chamber box 1 and is connected to the plate clamps 11-11 by a female screw joint at the other end. When the test device is used, a sample in the inner cavity box 1 is fixed among the four flat plate clamps 11-11, the sample generally adopts a cross-shaped structure with symmetrical shape, so that the force applied in each direction is reflected in a balanced manner, and the specific fixing mode can be determined according to the stretching or compressing purpose; other geometric shapes such as square and round samples can also be used with the invention, but the mounting position of the actuating device is changed to ensure the stroke of the actuating device for samples with different sizes. The flat plate clamps 11-11 can be selected from clamps such as compression clamps, fatigue clamps, water baths and the like according to different test requirements.
As shown in fig. 5, four sealing cylinders 12 are connected between the inner chamber box 1 and the outer chamber baffle 2, and each sealing cylinder 12 is covered outside the front end of the linear actuator 11 to prevent hydrogen in the inner chamber from leaking to the outer chamber to ensure safety. The sealing cylinder 12 is formed by welding stainless steel plates in a rolling mode, screw holes are formed in the end faces of two ends of the sealing cylinder, and the sealing cylinder is connected with the inner cavity box 1 and the outer cavity baffle 2 through screws respectively to form sealing. As shown in figure 6, the clearance between the main shaft pull rod 11-10 of the linear actuating device 11 and the inner cavity box 1 is sealed by a plurality of high-temperature sealing gaskets 13, so that the influence on the stress of the main shaft pull rod 11-10 is reduced as much as possible while the sealing of the clearance is ensured. In order to solve the problem that a small amount of hydrogen is brought into the sealing cylinder 12 from the inner cavity in the outward movement process of the spindle pull rod 11-10 and further prevent the possibility of hydrogen leakage, two air passages 14 are respectively formed in the inner cavity box 1 at the axle hole for installing each spindle pull rod 11-10, and the two air passages 14 are communicated to the outer wall of the inner cavity box 1 in the sealing cylinder 12 through the gap between the spindle pull rod 11-10 and the inner cavity box 1. An air channel 14 is connected to a nitrogen inlet 24 of the sealing cylinder through a pipeline and is used for introducing nitrogen into a gap between the main shaft pull rod 11-10 and the inner cavity box 1; the other gas passage 14 is connected to a gas outlet 25 of the sealing cylinder through a pipeline for discharging gas in the gap. Therefore, in the test, nitrogen is continuously introduced to carry out gas circulation on the gap between the main shaft pull rod 11-10 and the inner cavity box 1 when the main shaft pull rod 11-10 moves, so that the leakage of hydrogen in the inner cavity into the sealing cylinder 12 is further reduced, and the stress of the spoke type load sensor 11-9 is not influenced. Generally, the inner end of the air duct 14 is disposed between two high temperature sealing washers 13 at the middle of each spindle stay 11-10, where there are multiple levels of cushioning on both sides to achieve the optimum sealing effect.
Referring to fig. 7, the system is provided with different gas supply and exhaust systems and gas detection devices respectively in the inner cavity, the outer cavity and the sealing cylinder 12, so as to provide a suitable and safe gas environment for the hydrogen corrosion test of the hydrogen corrosion resistant material. The inner cavity box 1 is connected with an inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 15, an inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16, an inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17 and an inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18. Inner cavity nitrogen gas intake pipe 15, inner cavity hydrogen intake pipe 16, inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17, inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18 all communicate with inner cavity to with inner cavity case 1, outer cavity baffle 2 respectively sealed cross-under back, set up attach fitting at outer wall of outer cavity baffle 2. The inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe 15 is used for introducing nitrogen gas into the inner cavity, the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe 16 is used for introducing hydrogen gas into the inner cavity, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17 is used for exhausting inner cavity air, and the inner cavity of the test exhaust pipe is used for exhausting mixed gas in the inner cavity so as to measure components and collect and process the components. An inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 and a thermocouple 20 are installed on the inner wall of the inner cavity box 1, the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration and the oxygen concentration of the inner cavity, and the thermocouple 20 is used for detecting the temperature of the inner cavity. The connecting line of the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 and the connecting line of the thermocouple 20 respectively penetrate through the inner cavity box 1 and the outer cavity baffle 2 through vacuum joints so as to meet the sealing requirements of the inner cavity box 1 and the outer cavity baffle 2.
The outer cavity baffle 2 is also provided with four sealing cylinder nitrogen inlets 24 and four sealing cylinder gas outlets 25, each sealing cylinder 12 corresponds to one group of sealing cylinder nitrogen inlets 24 and sealing cylinder gas outlets 25, each sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet 24 and each sealing cylinder gas outlet 25 are connected with two groups of pipelines, and one group of pipelines pass through the corresponding sealing cylinder 12 and are connected to the port of the air passage 14 on the outer wall of the inner cavity box 1 and are used for introducing nitrogen and discharging gas in the gap between the main shaft pull rod 11-10 and the inner cavity box 1; the other group of pipelines is communicated with the internal environment of the corresponding sealing cylinder 12 and is used for introducing nitrogen and discharging hydrogen in the sealing cylinder 12. The outer cavity baffle 2 connected with each sealing cylinder 12 is also provided with a sensor line vacuum joint 26, and the sensor line vacuum joint 26 is connected with the signal lines of the transmission spoke type load sensors 11-9 to ensure the sealing property.
The inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 15, the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18, the outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 19, the outer cavity air exhaust pipe 20, a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder 12 through the sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet 24, and a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder 12 through the sealing cylinder gas outlet 25 are all opened and closed through electric valves. The inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18 and the outer cavity air exhaust pipe 20 are further provided with pressure release valves, and the pressure release valves automatically adjust the inner cavity or the outer cavity to keep normal pressure when the electric valve is opened. And, above-mentioned breather pipe all comprises stainless steel pipe and the spark arrester that adopts threaded connection, and wherein the spark arrester has the function of fire-retardant and one-way valve concurrently. All the line pipes and the vent pipes are statically sealed with the threaded connection gaps of the inner cavity box 1 and the outer cavity baffle 2 through sealing rings.
As shown in fig. 8, the high temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system may be placed on the optical platform 27 and bolted to the optical platform 27 through the integrated base plate 3. A lens mounting bracket 28 is mounted on the optical platform 27, and the lens mounting bracket 28 can be mounted with a gas partial pressure detector 29 for realizing the visualization of the gas concentration in real time. The lens mounting bracket 28 can also be provided with a high-speed CCD lens 30, the high-speed CCD lens 30 is vertical to the top antifogging window 7, is easy to lift, dismount and replace, and can dynamically observe a sample in real time in situ during a test through the antifogging window 7
The control part of the in-situ biaxial mechanical test system based on the high-temperature hydrogen comprises an actuation control module, a temperature control module and a gas circuit control module.
Actuating control module
The large torque motor 11-1 and the displacement sensor 11-2 of each linear actuating device 11 are in signal connection with a computer 32 through a servo driver 31, and the spoke type load sensor 11-9 is in signal connection with the computer 32. Either the displacement control mode or the load control mode may be selected on the computer 32 based on experimental requirements.
The computer 32 calculates a driving signal according to test setting and transmits the driving signal to the servo driver 31, the servo driver 31 controls the large-torque motor 11-1 to perform mechanical loading, meanwhile, the displacement sensor 11-2 collects a real-time displacement signal and transmits the real-time displacement signal to the computer 32 through the servo driver 31, the spoke type load sensor 11-9 collects a real-time load signal and transmits the real-time load signal to the computer 32, the computer 32 calculates an adjusting signal according to the current feedback displacement signal or load signal and transmits the adjusting signal to the servo driver 31, the large-torque motor 11-1 is controlled by the servo driver 31 to realize real-time adjustment, closed-loop control is formed, and normal test is guaranteed.
(II) temperature control module
The switch of the ceramic heating plate 8 and the thermocouple 20 are in signal connection with the computer 32 through the temperature controller 33.
The computer 32 controls the on/off of the ceramic heating chip 8 by the temperature controller 33 according to the test setting, and heats or stops the ceramic heating chip 8. The thermocouple 20 collects real-time temperature signals of the inner cavity, the temperature signals are fed back to the computer 32 through the temperature controller 33, the computer 32 controls the switch of the ceramic heating plate 8 to perform intermittent heating according to the test set parameters and the currently fed temperature signals, and the temperature value is automatically adjusted to be stabilized at a set value (25-600 ℃).
(III) gas circuit control module
An inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 15, an inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16, an inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17, an inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18, an outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 19, an outer cavity air exhaust pipe 20, a sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet 24, a sealing cylinder gas outlet 25 and an electric valve of a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder 12 are in signal connection with a computer 32. The inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device 23 are in signal connection with the computer 32. The computer 32 sends signals to control the electric valve switches of all the gas pipelines; the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 detects the hydrogen concentration and the oxygen concentration of the inner cavity and feeds back a hydrogen concentration signal and an oxygen concentration signal of the inner cavity to the computer 32; each outer chamber gas concentration detection device 23 detects the hydrogen concentration and the oxygen concentration of each part in the outer chamber, and feeds back the hydrogen concentration signal and the outer chamber oxygen concentration signal of the outer chamber to the computer 32. A gas partial pressure detector 29 can be connected between the computer 32 and the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device 23 for visualizing the gas concentration. The computer 32 controls the electric valve of each gas pipeline according to the concentration signal of each part according to the test set value, so that the gas concentration is stabilized at the set value.
Before the experiment is started, fixing a sample, opening electric valves of an inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 15, an inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17, an outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 21 and an outer cavity air exhaust pipe 22, and introducing nitrogen into the inner cavity and the outer cavity respectively to exhaust oxygen in the inner cavity and the outer cavity; meanwhile, the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 detects the oxygen concentration of the inner cavity and transmits a signal of the oxygen concentration to the computer 32; the outer cavity gas concentration detection device 23 detects the oxygen concentration of each part in the outer cavity and transmits the oxygen concentration signal to the computer 32; after the computer 32 obtains that the oxygen concentrations detected by the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 and each outer cavity gas concentration detection device 23 are all zero, the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe 15, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe 17 and the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe 21 are controlled to be closed, and the pressure relief valve of the outer cavity air exhaust pipe 22 can enable the air pressure of the outer cavity to be continuously stabilized in a normal pressure state. Then the computer 32 controls the opening of the electric valves of the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16 and the inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18, and the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16 leads hydrogen into the inner cavity; meanwhile, the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 and each outer cavity gas concentration detection device 23 respectively detect the hydrogen concentration of each part in the inner cavity and each part in the outer cavity, and feed back the signal of the hydrogen concentration to the computer 32 in real time; the computer 32 sets a set value of the hydrogen concentration required by the test, when the hydrogen concentration detected by the inner cavity gas concentration detection device 19 is increased to reach the set value, the computer 32 controls the electromagnetic valve of the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16 to be closed, and the pressure release valve of the inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18 can enable the pressure of the inner cavity to be continuously stabilized in a normal pressure state.
If the hydrogen concentration of the inner cavity exceeds the set value, the computer 32 can also control the electromagnetic valve of the hydrogen inlet pipe 16 of the inner cavity to be closed, control the electromagnetic valve of the nitrogen inlet pipe 15 of the inner cavity to be opened, and continuously keep the electromagnetic valve of the test exhaust pipe 18 of the inner cavity in an opening state, so that the hydrogen concentration of the inner cavity is reduced until the hydrogen concentration reaches the set value.
Due to the movement of the spindle pull rod 11-10, although a plurality of high temperature sealing gaskets 13 and air passages 14 are sealed by circulating nitrogen, a small amount of hydrogen gas leaks from the inner cavity to the sealing cylinder 12. Therefore, in order to ensure safety, nitrogen is introduced to circulate the gas in the sealing cylinder 12 at intervals during the test process, and hydrogen in the gas is discharged, so that the test can be carried out smoothly and safely. The computer 32 sets a set time interval for the nitrogen circulation of the sealing cylinder 12, controls the electric valves of the pipelines communicated with the internal environment of the sealing cylinder 12 to be opened at the starting point of the set time interval, and controls the electric valves of the pipelines communicated with the internal environment of the sealing cylinder 12 to be closed at the ending point of the set time interval, wherein the nitrogen inlet 24 and the gas outlet 25 of the sealing cylinder are respectively controlled to be opened at the starting point of the set time interval.
In normal operation, the hydrogen concentration (volume percent) in the outer cavity should be much less than 0.5%. When the outer-chamber gas concentration detection device 23 detects that the hydrogen concentration reaches the warning value of 0.5%, the computer 32 starts the set protection measures: immediately cutting off the heating power supply of the ceramic heating sheet 8, closing the electric valve of the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe 16, opening the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 15, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe 18, the outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe 21 and the outer cavity air exhaust pipe 22, and introducing a large amount of nitrogen into the inner cavity and the outer cavity to ensure safety.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature hydrogen in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system is characterized by comprising an inner cavity box arranged in the middle of an integral bottom plate, wherein an outer cavity baffle is arranged at the edge of the integral bottom plate, the top of the outer cavity baffle is hermetically connected with an outer sealing upper cover, an inner sealing upper cover is embedded in the outer sealing upper cover, and the inner sealing upper cover is hermetically connected with the top of the inner cavity box; the inner sealing upper cover, the inner cavity box, the outer sealing upper cover, the outer cavity baffle and the integral bottom plate form a double-layer sealed inner cavity and an outer cavity; the bottom of the inner cavity box is provided with a heating device which is used for heating the sample in the inner cavity box;
the outer cavity baffle is connected with four sets of linear actuating devices, and the four sets of linear actuating devices are used for realizing stretching or compressing actuation in four directions on the same horizontal plane; each set of linear actuating device comprises a motor provided with a displacement sensor, the motor is connected with an electric cylinder through a conveyor belt wheel set, the cylinder body part of the electric cylinder is hermetically fixed on the outer cavity baffle plate, an actuating shaft of the electric cylinder penetrates through the outer cavity baffle plate and is connected with a locking flange through a connecting piece, the locking flange is connected with a main shaft pull rod through a spoke type load sensor, and the main shaft pull rods of the four sets of linear actuating devices are perpendicular to each other in four directions on the horizontal plane; the main shaft pull rod penetrates through the inner cavity box, the end part of the main shaft pull rod is connected with flat plate clamps, and the four flat plate clamps are used for clamping a sample of the inner cavity box;
each linear actuating device is provided with a sealing cylinder outside a section between the inner cavity box and the outer cavity baffle, and two ends of the sealing cylinder are respectively fixed on the inner cavity box and the outer cavity baffle in a sealing manner; a plurality of high-temperature sealing gaskets are arranged between the main shaft pull rod and the inner cavity box of each linear actuating device, two air passages are formed in each shaft hole for installing the main shaft pull rod of the inner cavity box, and the two air passages are respectively used for circularly introducing nitrogen and discharging gas to a gap between the main shaft pull rod and the inner cavity box;
the inner cavity box is connected with an inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, an inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe, an inner cavity air exhaust pipe and an inner cavity test exhaust pipe, and an inner cavity gas concentration detection device and a thermocouple are arranged in the inner cavity box; the outer cavity baffle is connected with an outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe and an outer cavity air outlet pipe, and at least four outer cavity gas concentration detection devices which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are installed on the outer cavity baffle; the inner environment of each sealing cylinder is communicated with a sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet and a sealing cylinder gas outlet, the sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet and the sealing cylinder gas outlet are both arranged on the outer cavity baffle, and the sealing cylinder nitrogen inlet and the sealing cylinder gas outlet are simultaneously communicated with the two air passages respectively;
the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the outer cavity air exhaust pipe, a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder through the sealing cylinder nitrogen gas inlet, and a pipeline communicated with the inner environment of the sealing cylinder through the sealing cylinder gas outlet are all provided with electric valves; the inner cavity test exhaust pipe is provided with a pressure release valve for keeping the inner cavity at normal pressure when an electric valve of the inner cavity test exhaust pipe is opened; the outer cavity air exhaust pipe is provided with a pressure release valve for keeping the outer cavity at normal pressure when the electric valve of the outer cavity air exhaust pipe is opened.
2. The system for testing the biaxial mechanics in the high temperature hydrogen in-situ plane according to claim 1, wherein high temperature resistant sealing gaskets are respectively clamped between the outer sealing upper cover and the outer cavity baffle, and between the inner sealing upper cover and the inner cavity box.
3. The system for testing the biaxial mechanics in the high temperature hydrogen in-situ plane according to claim 1, wherein the inner sealing upper cover is provided with an anti-fog window, and a lens is arranged above the anti-fog window.
4. The system for testing the biaxial mechanics in the high temperature hydrogen in-situ plane according to claim 1, wherein the heating device is a ceramic heating plate, and the inner bottom surface of the inner cavity box is provided with fins.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the outer cavity baffle is provided with a sensor line vacuum connector, and the sensor line vacuum connector is connected with a signal line of the spoke type load sensor inside each sealing cylinder.
6. The high-temperature hydrogen in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical test system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the outer cavity air exhaust pipe, the pipeline communicating the nitrogen inlet of the sealing cylinder with the internal environment of the sealing cylinder, and the electrically operated valve of the pipeline communicating the gas outlet of the sealing cylinder with the internal environment of the sealing cylinder are all connected with computer signals; the inner cavity gas concentration detection device and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device are connected with the computer through signals.
7. The system for testing the biaxial mechanics in the high temperature hydrogen in-situ plane according to claim 6, wherein the computer is used for controlling the opening of the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe and the outer cavity air exhaust pipe before the test is started, and the inner cavity gas concentration detection device and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device respectively collect an oxygen concentration signal of the inner cavity and an oxygen concentration signal of the outer cavity and transmit the signals to the computer; the computer obtains that the oxygen concentration signal of the inner cavity and the oxygen concentration signal of the outer cavity are both zero, the computer controls the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the inner cavity air exhaust pipe and the outer cavity nitrogen gas inlet pipe to be closed and controls the electric valves of the inner cavity hydrogen gas inlet pipe and the inner cavity test exhaust pipe to be opened, and the inner cavity gas concentration detection device and the outer cavity gas concentration detection device respectively collect the hydrogen concentration signal of the inner cavity and the hydrogen concentration signal of the outer cavity and transmit the hydrogen concentration signals to the computer; the computer obtains that the hydrogen concentration signal of the inner cavity reaches a set value, and then the computer controls the electric valve of the hydrogen inlet pipe of the inner cavity to be closed so as to maintain the hydrogen concentration of the inner cavity at the set value;
the computer is used for controlling the electric valves of the pipeline communicated with the internal environment of the sealing barrel and the pipeline communicated with the internal environment of the sealing barrel at the initial point of a set time interval in the test process to be opened, and controlling the electric valves of the pipeline communicated with the internal environment of the sealing barrel and the gas outlet of the sealing barrel to be closed at the end point of the set time interval.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the computer is configured to control the electric valve of the inner cavity hydrogen inlet pipe to close, and the electric valves of the inner cavity nitrogen inlet pipe, the inner cavity test exhaust pipe, the outer cavity nitrogen inlet pipe, and the outer cavity air exhaust pipe to open, when the obtained hydrogen concentration signal of the outer cavity reaches a warning value.
9. The system for testing the biaxial mechanics in the high temperature hydrogen in-situ plane according to claim 1, wherein the motor and the displacement sensor of each linear actuator are connected with a computer signal through a servo driver, and the spoke type load sensor is connected with the computer signal; the displacement sensor is used for acquiring a real-time displacement signal and transmitting the real-time displacement signal to the computer through the servo driver, and the spoke type load sensor is used for acquiring a real-time load signal and transmitting the real-time load signal to the computer; the computer is used for controlling the motor to perform mechanical loading through the servo driver according to test setting, and controlling the motor to adjust in real time through the servo driver according to a current feedback displacement signal or load signal.
10. The system for high temperature in-situ in-plane biaxial mechanical testing of claim 1, wherein the heating device and the thermocouple are connected with a computer through a temperature controller by signals; the thermocouple is used for collecting real-time temperature signals of the internal environment of the inner cavity box and transmitting the real-time temperature signals to the computer through the temperature controller, and the computer is used for controlling the opening and closing of the heating device through the temperature controller according to test setting.
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| CN113029751A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-25 | 天津大学 | In-situ mechanical test device used in lead-bismuth environment |
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