CN111719199A - Starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111719199A CN111719199A CN202010735159.3A CN202010735159A CN111719199A CN 111719199 A CN111719199 A CN 111719199A CN 202010735159 A CN202010735159 A CN 202010735159A CN 111719199 A CN111719199 A CN 111719199A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/18—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from other substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
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Abstract
The invention relates to a starch plastic material, in particular to a starch plastic for non-woven fabric fiber, a preparation method thereof and the non-woven fabric fiber, comprising the following steps: the raw materials comprise starch, maleic anhydride, an initiator, low molecular weight PBS, spherical nano ceramic, polyethylene wax, a chain extender and water. According to the invention, starch is gelatinized into slurry, and the starch is treated by using higher amount of maleic anhydride and initiator under the slurry, so that the starch has thermoplasticity and good fluidity; meanwhile, the low-molecular-weight PBS prepolymer and the ceramic powder are hybridized to form starch, the PBS chain is further extended, and the PBS and the nano spherical ceramic powder enable the starch plastic to have thermoplasticity and high-efficiency fluidity so as to meet the requirement of hot-melt spinning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a starch plastic material, in particular to a starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nonwoven fabrics (also known as Non-Woven fabrics) are made of oriented or random fibers. It is called a cloth because of its appearance and certain properties. The non-woven fabric has the characteristics of moisture resistance, air permeability, flexibility, light weight, no combustion supporting, easy decomposition, no toxicity or irritation, rich color, low price, recycling and the like. For example, the polypropylene (pp material) granules are mostly adopted as raw materials and are produced by a continuous one-step method of high-temperature melting, spinning, laying a line and hot-pressing coiling.
With the improvement of production living standard, the non-woven fabric in the traditional meaning can not meet the requirement, at the moment, the functional textile is developed rapidly, the application field of the textile is gradually expanded, and particularly, the non-woven fabric can be used for preparing various functional non-woven fabrics due to a rapid and simple manufacturing process. At present, the functional non-woven fabrics are roughly of the following varieties: hydrophilic nonwoven fabric made of hydrophilic master batch and hydrophilic oiling agent; the water-repellent nonwoven fabric made of the water-repellent master batch generally has water-repellent performance of nonwoven fabrics made of soft master batches, so the water-repellent master batches can be replaced by the soft master batches. Soft non-woven fabric made of soft master batch; adding an elastic material, a soft master batch and a super-soft non-woven fabric of a smooth master batch and a super-soft non-woven fabric; anti-aging non-woven fabric made of anti-aging master batches, anti-ultraviolet master batches and light stabilizers; water-absorbing non-woven fabric made of water-absorbing oil agent and water-absorbing master batch; antistatic non-woven fabric made of antistatic master batch and antistatic oil agent; a three-resistant non-woven fabric made of three oil-resistant agents; antibacterial and mildewproof non-woven fabric made of antibacterial and mildewproof master batches; the aromatic nonwoven fabric is made of aromatic master batches.
The flame-retardant nonwoven fabric made of the flame-retardant master batch is a common variety, and the flame-retardant nonwoven fabric has the following characteristics: high strength, good elasticity, good heat resistance, smooth surface, good wear resistance, good light resistance, corrosion resistance and poorer dyeability. The flame retardant is added into polyester plastics, textiles and the like, and the flame retardant is an additive for materials, is added into the polyester to achieve the purpose of flame retardance by improving the ignition point of the materials or hindering the combustion of the materials, and thus the fire safety of the materials is improved. The material of the commonly used functional non-woven fabric at present is mainly polypropylene high-speed spinning or melt-blown spinning to obtain fibers. The melting point of the polypropylene which is subjected to melting release is generally required to be 165-180 ℃, the melt index is more than 15g/10min, and the polypropylene has good fluidity. The diameter of the spun filaments can be less than 1 μm.
The starch-based plastic is prepared by chemically modifying starch by chemical reaction, reducing the hydroxyl group of the starch and changing the original structure of the starch, thereby changing the corresponding performance of the starch and changing the original starch into thermoplastic starch. Starch plastic is a low-cost bioplastic at present, and has been widely applied to plastic products such as films, injection molding, sheets and the like. The starch plastic is applied to spinning to prepare the non-woven fabric, and can meet various non-woven fabric products with requirements on environmental protection. At present, the bioplastics such as polylactic acid, polycarbonate and the like are applied to the spinning material of the non-woven fabric, but the cost is higher, the use amount is less, and the starch plastic has great potential in the application aspect of the non-woven environment-friendly non-woven fabric as the low-cost bioplastic.
However, due to the particularity of starch plastics, starch plastics are mostly plasticized by a plasticizer with low molecular weight to starch, and the thermoplastic processability is poor, so that the heat fluidity is poor, and the prior art is difficult to meet the requirement of hot melt spinning. Particularly, the fiber tends to be broken during drawing in the hot melt spinning, and the uniformity is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention is directed to provide a starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers, which is used to solve the problem of poor thermoplastic processability of plastic starch in the prior art, and a method for preparing the starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers, wherein starch is made thermoplastic and has good flowability by gelatinizing starch into a slurry and treating the starch with a relatively high amount of maleic anhydride and an initiator under the slurry; meanwhile, the low-molecular-weight PBS prepolymer and the ceramic powder are hybridized to form starch, the PBS chain is further extended, and the PBS and the nano spherical ceramic powder enable the starch plastic to have thermoplasticity and high-efficiency fluidity so as to meet the requirement of hot-melt spinning.
In order to achieve the above and other related objects, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the starch plastic for nonwoven fabric fibers, comprising the steps of:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is kept constant at 80-90 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 35-40 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 15-25 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging and crushing the blocks obtained in the step three, then sending the materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, and carrying out air-cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Further, in the first step, the rotation speed of the medium-low speed stirring is 50-100 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 min.
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 3-5 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.2-0.5 part of initiator, 10-15 parts of PBS, 0.5-1 part of spherical nano ceramic, 1-2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.1-0.5 part of chain extender and 500 parts of water with 300 portions.
In order to promote the fluidity and good thermoplastic processability of non-woven fabric fibers, on the premise of not influencing the uniform spinning characteristic, starch is gelatinized, treated by maleic anhydride and an initiator to increase the thermoplasticity and fluidity of the starch, then the starch is hybridized by low-molecular-weight PBS and spherical nano ceramic to enable the PBS to chain extend, and finally, all the substances are extruded and granulated to obtain modified starch plastic; on one hand, the spherical nano ceramic can promote high flow of materials, so that the phenomena of agglomeration and the like of PBS (phosphate buffer solution) are avoided during chain extension, and the subsequent processing performance of the non-woven fabric is ensured; on the other hand, PBS can also help the starch plastic to have thermoplasticity and high-efficiency fluidity so as to meet the requirement of hot melt spinning.
The invention endows the starch with excellent thermoplasticity and thermal fluidity by pasting the starch into unsized body and treating the starch with maleic anhydride in a pasty state.
Further preferably, the starch is selected from one of corn starch and tapioca starch. Starch molecules are polysaccharide molecular structures, contain a large number of hydroxyl groups, have a high melting temperature due to the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and have a decomposition temperature lower than the melting temperature, so that the starch molecules are decomposed before melting during thermal processing. The starch structure is disordered by a method to have thermoplasticity, and the thermoplasticity can be realized by changing the internal crystalline structure of the starch molecule. The double helix crystal structure of the starch molecules is disturbed by destroying the hydrogen bonds in the molecules and between the molecules, so that the melting temperature of the starch is reduced, and the starch has thermoplasticity.
Initiator is also called initiator, and is also called radical initiator, and refers to a kind of compound which is easy to be decomposed into free radicals (i.e. primary free radicals) by heating, and can be used for initiating free radical polymerization and copolymerization reaction of alkene and diene monomers, and also can be used for crosslinking curing and macromolecule crosslinking reaction of unsaturated polyester. The initiator is a substance capable of initiating polymerization of the monomer. The unsaturated monomer polymerization active center comprises a free radical type, an anion type, a cation type, a coordination compound and the like, the most applied in the adhesive industry at present is the free radical type, the free radical type has unique chemical activity, a covalent bond is uniformly cracked under the action of heat or light to generate two free radicals, and the polymerization reaction can be initiated. Further preferably, the initiator is DCP, which is a strong oxidant. Can be used as an initiator for monomer polymerization, and is commonly used as a vulcanizing agent, a cross-linking agent, a curing agent, a flame retardant additive and the like of a high polymer material;
the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 5000-; is colloidal substance, and is easy for good hybridization and blending of starch. The chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender; starch is hybridized with spherical ceramic powder, and melting chain extension is carried out by taking isocyanate as a chain extender, so that the starch is completely hybridized with PBS, and the starch fluidity is improved due to the good melting fluidity of the PBS.
Starch is insoluble in water at normal temperature, but when the water temperature is over 53 ℃, the physical properties of the starch are obviously changed. The characteristic of starch that swells and splits at high temperature to form a homogeneous pasty solution is called gelatinization of starch. The degree of starch gelatinization refers to the degree of ripening of the starch achieved during processing, i.e., the proportion of gelatinized starch to the total starch. The low-speed stirring can increase the starch gelatinization degree and accelerate the starch gelatinization process.
Further, the particle size of the spherical nano-ceramic in the third step is 100-200 nm. The spherical nano ceramic is used as a spherical carrier for assisting in increasing the fluidity of the starch plastic.
Furthermore, a plastic pulverizer is adopted for pulverization in the fourth step, and the particle size of the pulverized block-shaped material is 200-500 μm.
Further, the extrusion temperature in the fourth step is 150-180 ℃.
In a second aspect of the invention, the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fiber prepared by the method is provided. The starch plastic used for the non-woven fabric fiber is added into the raw material of the non-woven fabric fiber, so that the mechanical property and the processing property of the non-woven fabric fiber can be improved. Because the non-woven fabric fiber is added with the low molecular weight PBS prepolymer and the modified starch, the thermoplasticity and the flow property of the non-woven fabric fiber can be improved, and the degradability of each raw material in the non-woven fabric fiber is high, thereby relieving the environmental pollution.
According to the invention, starch is gelatinized into slurry, and the starch is treated by using higher amount of maleic anhydride and initiator under the slurry, so that the starch has thermoplasticity and good fluidity; meanwhile, the low-molecular-weight PBS prepolymer and the ceramic powder are hybridized to form starch, the PBS chain is further extended, and the PBS and the nano spherical ceramic powder enable the starch plastic to have thermoplasticity and high-efficiency fluidity so as to meet the requirement of hot-melt spinning.
As mentioned above, the starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects: in order to enable the starch plastic to have higher hot melt fluidity to meet the requirement of hot melt spinning, the starch plastic is gelatinized by mixing starch and water at a certain temperature and stirring at a low speed, and maleic anhydride and an initiator are added into the gelatinized slurry to treat the starch, so that the thermoplastic property and the heat flow property of the starch are greatly improved. The invention also adds low molecular weight PBS, spherical nano ceramic and polyethylene wax into the thermoplastic starch, and can increase the mechanical property and the processing property of the non-woven fabric fiber, reduce the agglomeration and caking of the starch, promote the dispersion and the stability of starch plastic on the premise of increasing the fluidity of the thermoplastic starch, so that the finally obtained non-woven fabric fiber has fine and uniform grain diameter and high plasticity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a starch plastic obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a hot melt spun starch plastic using example 1. The fiber is fine and uniform, and the diameter of the fiber reaches 1 mu m.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 4 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.5 part of initiator, 13 parts of PBS, 0.8 part of spherical nano ceramic, 1.5 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 400 parts of water; the starch is corn starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low molecular weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 8000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 85 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 80rpm, and the stirring time is 50 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 40 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 150nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 20 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 300 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃, and carrying out air cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Example 2
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 4 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.3 part of initiator, 12 parts of PBS, 0.8 part of spherical nano ceramic, 2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 400 parts of water; the starch is cassava starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low-molecular-weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight PBS is 5000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 80 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 50rpm, and the stirring time is 60 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 40 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 180nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 25 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 500 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃, and pelletizing and packaging the block materials on an air-cooled die surface to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Example 3
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 5 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.2 part of initiator, 15 parts of PBS, 0.5 part of spherical nano ceramic, 2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.5 part of chain extender and 500 parts of water; the starch is cassava starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low molecular weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 7000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 85 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 100rpm, and the stirring time is 30 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 38 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 160nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 15 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 400 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 160 ℃, and carrying out air cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Example 4
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 5 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.4 part of initiator, 14 parts of PBS, 1 part of spherical nano ceramic, 2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 350 parts of water; selecting the starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low-molecular-weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight PBS is 9000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 90 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 60rpm, and the stirring time is 40 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 39 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 140nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 22 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 400 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃, and pelletizing and packaging the block materials on an air-cooled die surface to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Example 5
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 5 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.4 part of initiator, 13 parts of PBS, 0.8 part of spherical nano ceramic, 2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 450 parts of water; the starch is corn starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low molecular weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 8000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is kept at 88 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 70rpm, and the stirring time is 35 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 35 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 130nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 23 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 400 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃, and pelletizing and packaging the block materials on an air-cooled die surface to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Example 6
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 5 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.5 part of initiator, 14 parts of PBS, 0.9 part of spherical nano ceramic, 2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.4 part of chain extender and 500 parts of water; the starch is one of cassava starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low-molecular-weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight PBS is 10000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender.
The preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 85 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of low-speed stirring is 70rpm, and the stirring time is 40 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 40 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 180nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 20 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 350 mu m, and extruding the materials at 175 ℃ by an air cooling die surface, granulating and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Comparative example 1
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 1 part of maleic anhydride, 0.5 part of initiator, 13 parts of PBS, 0.8 part of spherical nano ceramic, 1.5 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 400 parts of water; the starch is corn starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low molecular weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 8000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 85 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 80rpm, and the stirring time is 50 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 40 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 150nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 20 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 300 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃, and carrying out air cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 1 is that maleic anhydride is added in an amount of 1% by mass of starch in comparative example 1.
Comparative example 2
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 4 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.5 part of initiator, 13 parts of PBS, 0.8 part of spherical nano ceramic, 1.5 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 400 parts of water; the starch is corn starch; the initiator is DCP; the number average molecular weight of the PBS is 60000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 85 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 80rpm, and the stirring time is 50 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 40 min;
step three, adding PBS, spherical nano ceramic with the particle size of 150nm and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 20 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 300 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃, and carrying out air cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the molecular weight of PBS added in comparative example 2 is 6 ten thousand.
Comparative example 3
The starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of starch, 4 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.5 part of initiator, 13 parts of PBS, 1.5 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part of chain extender and 400 parts of water; the starch is corn starch; the initiator is DCP; the PBS is low molecular weight PBS, and the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 8000; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender;
the preparation method of the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is constant at 85 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed stirring is 80rpm, and the stirring time is 50 min;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 40 min;
step three, adding PBS and polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 20 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
and step four, discharging the block materials obtained in the step three, adopting a plastic crusher, feeding the crushed block materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, wherein the particle size of the crushed block materials is 300 microns, and the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃, and carrying out air cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 3 does not incorporate a nano-spherical ceramic.
And (3) performance testing:
the following tests were carried out on the starch plastics for nonwoven fibers prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the test results are shown in table 1:
the reference plastic melt index test standard GB3682-2000 adopts the test conditions of 150 ℃ and 2.16kg, the test instrument is an XNR400 type melt flow rate instrument of a Jinjian detection instrument, Inc., of Chengde, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
1. The starch plastics obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were respectively subjected to hot melt spinning, the diameter of a spinneret was 0.25mm, and the fine fibers were formed by hot air drawing at 180 ℃ under a wind pressure of 0.25Mp, and observed by an electron microscope, as shown in fig. 2, the fibers were thin and uniform in diameter, and had no fracture marks.
Watch (A)
| Group of | Melt index (g/10 min) |
| Example 1 | 68 |
| Example 2 | 68 |
| Example 3 | 69 |
| Example 4 | 68 |
| Example 5 | 69 |
| Example 6 | 69 |
| Comparative example 1 | 47 |
| Comparative example 2 | 38 |
| Comparative example 3 | 52 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the antibacterial degradable master batches prepared in examples 1 to 6 have excellent hot-melt performance.
In comparative example 1, the addition amount of maleic anhydride is 1 percent of the mass of starch; the melt index of comparative example 1 was lower because the starch was not completely heat treated, resulting in poor flowability of the thermoplastic starch.
Comparative example 2 PBS having a molecular weight of 6 ten thousand was added in step three, and the molecular weight was high and the heat fluidity was poor, resulting in a decrease in the heat fluidity of the thermoplastic starch.
Comparative example 3, in which no nano-spherical ceramic was added, resulted in thermoplastic starch with poor heat flow.
Melt spinning uniformity test: the thermoplastic starch prepared in example 1 was prepared as a hot melt spun filament fiber and observed by electron microscopy. As shown in FIG. 2, the hot-melt spun fiber obtained finally had a small and uniform fiber diameter and no breakage mark.
In conclusion, the starch is gelatinized into the slurry, and the starch is treated by using the higher amount of maleic anhydride and the initiator under the slurry, so that the starch has thermoplasticity and good fluidity; meanwhile, the low-molecular-weight PBS prepolymer and the ceramic powder are hybridized to form starch, the PBS chain is further extended, and the PBS and the nano spherical ceramic powder enable the starch plastic to have thermoplasticity and high-efficiency fluidity so as to meet the requirement of hot-melt spinning.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, mixing starch and water in a mixer, wherein the temperature of the mixer is kept constant at 80-90 ℃; stirring at low speed until starch is completely gelatinized;
step two, adding maleic anhydride and an initiator into the mixer in the step one, sealing a pot cover of the mixer, and continuously stirring for reacting for 35-40 min;
step three, adding the low molecular weight PBS, the spherical nano ceramic and the polyethylene wax into the mixer in the step two, and continuously stirring and reacting for 15-25 min; then adding a chain extender, heating to 120 ℃, opening a pot cover of the mixing machine, stirring for chain extension reaction, and exhausting until blocks are formed;
step four, discharging and crushing the blocks obtained in the step three, then sending the materials into a co-rotating double-screw extruder for extrusion, and carrying out air-cooling die surface grain cutting and packaging to obtain the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers;
the weight parts of the raw materials are as follows: 100 parts of starch, 3-5 parts of maleic anhydride, 0.2-0.5 part of initiator, 10-15 parts of low molecular weight PBS, 0.5-1 part of spherical nano ceramic, 1-2 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.1-0.5 part of chain extender and 500 parts of water.
2. The method for preparing the starch plastic for the non-woven fabric fibers according to claim 1, wherein the starch is selected from one of corn starch and tapioca starch; the initiator is DCP; the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PBS is 5000-; the chain extender is an isocyanate chain extender.
3. The method for preparing starch plastic for non-woven fabric fiber according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the rotation speed of the medium-low speed stirring is 50-100 rpm, and the stirring time is 30-60 min.
4. The method for preparing starch plastic for non-woven fabric fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the spherical nano ceramic in the third step is 100-200 nm.
5. The method for preparing starch plastic for non-woven fabric fiber according to claim 1, wherein: and in the fourth step, a plastic pulverizer is adopted for pulverization, and the particle size of the pulverized block-shaped material is 200-500 mu m.
6. The method for preparing starch plastic for non-woven fabric fiber according to claim 1, wherein: and in the fourth step, the extrusion temperature is 150-180 ℃.
7. A starch plastic for non-woven fabric fibers, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114351463A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-15 | 滁州天鼎丰非织造布有限公司 | Composite adhesive, application thereof, scour-dispersion-prevention water-filtration non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114351463A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-15 | 滁州天鼎丰非织造布有限公司 | Composite adhesive, application thereof, scour-dispersion-prevention water-filtration non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
| CN114351463B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-10-31 | 滁州天鼎丰非织造布有限公司 | Composite adhesive, application thereof, anti-water-scattering filter nonwoven fabric and preparation method thereof |
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