CN111719033A - Low-cost rapid smelting method for aluminum-containing steel - Google Patents
Low-cost rapid smelting method for aluminum-containing steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111719033A CN111719033A CN202010609458.2A CN202010609458A CN111719033A CN 111719033 A CN111719033 A CN 111719033A CN 202010609458 A CN202010609458 A CN 202010609458A CN 111719033 A CN111719033 A CN 111719033A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing aluminum-containing steel by adopting a short flow mode in a steelmaking process, which comprises four links from molten iron to continuous casting, namely molten iron → a converter → an argon station → continuous casting; the method comprises the following steps: controlling the oxygen content of the molten steel at the end point of the converter to be less than or equal to 600 ppm; adding a certain amount of lime and fluorite to produce slag with proper alkalinity in the converter tapping process, and blowing argon from the bottom of a steel ladle to stir and desulfurize; directly adding a pure aluminum block in the converter tapping process, wherein the pure aluminum block is completely added into a steel ladle before the converter tapping is finished; after tapping of molten steel is finished and the molten steel reaches the argon blowing station, in the later stage of argon blowing, a certain amount of pure calcium wires are added after the argon blowing strength is reduced to carry out calcification modification treatment on alumina inclusions in the molten steel, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved, and the alumina inclusions are eliminated. The method for producing the aluminum-containing steel by adopting the short process replaces the current situation that the long process is generally adopted at home and abroad and depends on the LF refining mode for production, so that the cost is greatly reduced, the production efficiency is high, and the method has great market popularization value at home and abroad.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel making; in particular to a low-cost rapid smelting method of aluminum-containing steel.
Background
Because the steel is influenced by the environmental temperature and the bearing capacity in the using process, the steel is required to have good impact resistance, shock resistance and tear resistance, in order to meet the using requirement, a refined crystal grain element aluminum is commonly added into the steel to improve the performance, and the aluminum content is commonly controlled within the range of 0.015-0.035%; meanwhile, the sulfur content in the steel is required to be less than or equal to 0.005 percent so as to reduce the center segregation degree of the casting blank. However, since aluminum is an element which is very easy to oxidize, after aluminum is added into molten steel, aluminum is very easy to react with oxygen in the molten steel to generate aluminum oxide which is mixed and retained in the molten steel, thereby not only affecting the continuous casting castability, but also seriously affecting the steel quality. Therefore, in order to reduce alumina inclusions generated after the oxidation of aluminum and simultaneously reduce the sulfur content, at present, steel mills at home and abroad generally adopt a molten iron desulphurization → converter → LF (RH or VD) → continuous casting process mode for production when producing the aluminum-containing steel, and the purposes of alumina inclusion floatation and desulphurization are realized by making white slag in an LF refining link through molten steel.
Publication No. 110616294A discloses a smelting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing steel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: smelting in a converter and tapping: carrying out deoxidation alloying and primary slagging treatment on the molten steel in the converter smelting process, wherein molten iron desulphurization pretreatment is not carried out before converter smelting; refining in an LF furnace: carrying out secondary slagging treatment and deoxidation on the molten steel subjected to primary slagging in the refining process, and carrying out sulfur-increasing treatment on the molten steel before the molten steel is taken out of the station, wherein no fluorite is added in the converter to the refining process; and (3) RH furnace vacuum treatment: adding metal aluminum in the vacuum treatment process to adjust the aluminum content; after the vacuum treatment is finished, adding metal calcium to adjust the calcium content, and then carrying out soft blowing treatment.
Publication No. 110724787A discloses a smelting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing steel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of discharging steel from an electric furnace or a converter, ensuring the tapping temperature to be 1630 +/-20 ℃, carrying out combined deoxidation by adopting ferrosilicon and aluminum in the tapping, and adding premelted refining slag and lime to make high-alkalinity slag in the final stage of tapping; secondly, high-alkalinity slag is produced by lime and premelted refining slag in the LF refining process, precipitation deoxidation is carried out by using aluminum wires, calcium carbide is used for diffusion deoxidation, the aluminum wires are fed before the LF furnace leaves the station, and then the LF furnace can be hung and turned into the next procedure when the weak argon blowing time is not less than 5 minutes; thirdly, carrying out RH or VD vacuum treatment on the molten steel after LF refining, wherein the vacuum degree is not less than 67Pa, and the holding time is not less than 8 minutes; performing calcium treatment and titanium alloying before vacuum; feeding an aluminum wire firstly if the aluminum does not meet the requirements of the process components after vacuum breaking; and fourthly, carrying out argon purging on the tundish before the tundish in the continuous casting is poured, controlling the superheat degree of the tundish in the continuous casting to be between 20 and 35 ℃, changing the furnace for 2 to 3 long nozzles once, well sealing the nozzle joints, and carrying out steel reserving operation on the bale.
However, the process mode is a long flow, the production cost is high, and especially in the LF refining process, the cost per ton of steel is very high due to high auxiliary material consumption resistance and power consumption resistance in the smelting process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention aims to reduce the production cost of producing the aluminum-containing steel
The method for rapidly smelting the aluminum-containing steel at low cost shortens the process flow, effectively reduces the consumption of auxiliary materials and electric power in the smelting process, and greatly reduces the production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a low-cost rapid smelting method of aluminum-containing steel comprises the following steps:
1) the tapping temperature of the converter is not lower than 1670 ℃, and the oxygen content of the molten steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 600 ppm;
2) in the converter tapping process, lime is added according to the requirement of 4-5 Kg per ton of steel, fluorite is added according to the requirement of 0.5-1.0 Kg per ton of steel to produce furnace slag with proper alkalinity, strong argon blowing is carried out for 2-5 minutes, and stirring desulfurization is carried out by means of good dynamic conditions generated after molten steel impacts a steel ladle in the tapping process and strong stirring of argon blowing at the bottom of the steel ladle;
3) adding lime and fluorite during tapping of the converter, and simultaneously directly adding pure aluminum blocks with aluminum content more than or equal to 99%, wherein the pure aluminum blocks are completely added into a steel ladle before tapping of the converter is finished;
4) and after tapping, the steel ladle is moved to an argon blowing station, argon blowing is stopped in the process, strong argon blowing is still kept for 5-7 minutes after the steel ladle reaches the argon blowing station, the steel ladle is fully stirred and desulfurized, a certain amount of pure calcium wires are added after the argon blowing strength is reduced in the later stage of argon blowing to carry out calcification modification treatment on alumina inclusions in the steel ladle, the purity of the steel ladle is improved, the alumina inclusions are eliminated, and the castability requirement of continuous casting steel ladle is met.
Further, when argon is blown by force in the step 2), the pressure of the argon is 0.6-0.9 Mpa, and the flow is 600-1000 NL/min.
And 3) adding 2.0-2.5 Kg of pure aluminum blocks into each ton of steel in the step.
In the step 4), when the strong argon blowing of the molten steel in the argon blowing station is about to finish, argon is turned down, argon blowing is started at the pressure of 0.20-0.35 Mpa and the flow of 80-200 NL/min, 1.0-1.3 m of pure calcium wire is added to each ton of steel according to the requirement, the content of pure calcium wire is more than or equal to 95%, the residual alumina inclusion in the molten steel is denatured, the melting point of the aluminum inclusion is reduced, the aluminum inclusion is changed into liquid inclusion to be removed, the calcium content in the molten steel after the pure calcium wire is added reaches the range of 15-25 ppm, and the phenomenon of poor continuous casting molten steel castability is easy to occur because the calcium content is less than 15ppm or more than. Meanwhile, after the pure calcium wire is added, argon is continuously blown for more than 6 minutes in small argon flow, so that impurities in the modified alumina can be fully floated and removed.
The desulfurization conditions in the steel-making link before the tapping of the transfer furnace in the step 1) are as follows: high temperature, high alkalinity, low (FeO) content and good fluidity, therefore, in order to ensure that the sulfur content reaches the requirement of less than or equal to 0.005 percent after the short-flow process is adopted, the process adopts the following steps: the tapping temperature of the converter is not lower than 1670 ℃; adding 4-5 Kg/t steel lime (alkalinity target is 2.5-3.0) into the ladle for slagging, simultaneously adding 0.5-1.0 Kg/t steel fluorite for fluxing, the pure aluminum blocks are added at one time in the process of adding lime and fluorite, the tapping time of a converter of 100 tons is 2-5 minutes generally, the lime and the fluorite are added completely before tapping is finished, the pure aluminum blocks are added at one time in the process of adding the lime and the fluorite, opening and increasing the argon blowing amount (the argon pressure is 0.6-0.9 Mpa, the flow is 600-1000 NL/min) at the bottom of the ladle to blow argon for 2-5 min during tapping, and after tapping is finished, moving the ladle to an argon station, continuously blowing argon for 5-7 minutes continuously without stopping blowing argon to the argon station in the moving process, and stirring and desulfurizing by utilizing good dynamic conditions in the tapping process and strong stirring of ladle bottom argon blowing, so that the aim that the sulfur content of a steel product is less than or equal to 0.005% is fulfilled.
The aluminum element control usually adopts the steps of adding an aluminum-containing composite deoxidizer for deoxidation during converter tapping, and then adding an aluminum wire into a ladle through a wire feeder to increase aluminum, and the method has the defects that: the aluminum wire for increasing aluminum is that after the steel is discharged from the converter, the steel ladle is moved to an argon station, argon blowing is stopped in the moving process, then the aluminum wire is added into the steel ladle, the aluminum adding time is too late, and the aluminum oxide inclusion in the molten steel can be promoted to float upwards only by blowing argon at the bottom of the steel ladle, so the inclusion removing effect is poor, and a large amount of aluminum oxide inclusions still remain in the molten steel. The process comprises the following steps: the oxygen content of the molten steel at the end point of the converter is required to be controlled within less than or equal to 600ppm, and the requirement of the oxygen content avoids the uncertainty of the oxidation amount of aluminum caused by overhigh oxygen content, so that the possibility of oxidation of the added aluminum and the formation of acid-soluble aluminum can be mastered. Pure aluminum (the aluminum content is more than or equal to 99%) is directly used for deoxidation alloying in the converter tapping process, the pure aluminum is melted by means of impact power of molten steel and argon blowing turnover power, 2.0-2.5 Kg of pure aluminum is added into each ton of steel according to the condition of the oxygen content of the molten steel at the end point, wherein about 30% of aluminum is used for molten steel deoxidation, 70% of aluminum is used for increasing aluminum to meet the aluminum content requirement of steel, and after the molten steel is tapped, an aluminum wire is not added into a steel ladle for aluminum increase.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is different from the long-flow process generally adopted at home and abroad at present, and can meet the quality requirement of steel products only by carrying out corresponding process measure control in the converter tapping process and the argon station argon blowing process without adopting LF refining in the production process.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the steel is manufactured by a furnace number of 302521, a steel grade Q345D, a total loading amount of the converter of 100t and a tapping amount of 90 t. The specific production process conditions are illustrated as follows: the tapping temperature is 1680 ℃, and the oxygen content of molten steel in a hearth of the converter is 510ppm and the carbon content is 0.064 percent by using an oxygen determination couple at the end point. Opening and increasing ladle bottom blowing argon gas strong argon blowing (argon pressure 0.7Mpa, flow 800 NL/min) for 3 minutes in the tapping process, and adding materials in the tapping process according to the following steps: the lime adding amount is 400 Kg/furnace, the fluorite adding amount is 70 Kg/furnace, the pure aluminum block is 210 Kg/furnace, and the manganese-iron alloy is controlled according to the manganese content of steel. After tapping, moving the steel ladle to an argon station, blowing argon continuously in the moving process, keeping strong argon blowing for 5-7 minutes after molten steel reaches the argon station, stirring and desulfurizing by means of good dynamic conditions generated after the molten steel impacts the steel ladle in the tapping process and strong stirring of argon blowing at the bottom of the steel ladle, and simultaneously fully melting and uniformly stirring aluminum to oxidize part of aluminum and reduce the oxygen content in the molten steel; adjusting argon (argon pressure is 0.25Mpa, flow is 150 NL/min), adding pure calcium line with the addition of 100 m/furnace, continuously blowing argon for about 8 min with small argon after adding the pure calcium line, modifying residual alumina inclusion in the molten steel to reduce the melting point of the alumina inclusion, removing the liquid inclusion, closing the argon after the temperature reaches 1572 ℃, adding sufficient covering agent to the surface layer of the molten steel in the steel ladle for heat preservation, and continuously casting by a travelling crane. The physical indexes are detected as follows:
the calcium content in the molten steel is 0.0018 percent; the aluminum content is 0.025%; the sulfur content is 0.004%; the continuous casting is smooth without the abnormal phenomenon of water gap blockage; the thickness range of the rolled steel plate is 16-30 mm, wherein: the surface of the steel plate has no defects of cracks, air holes, inclusions and the like, the surface percent of pass is 100%, the flaw detection of the steel plate reaches the three-level qualified level of the national standard, the flaw detection percent of pass is 100%, and the performance detection is 100% (wherein the yield strength is 365MPa on average, the tensile strength is 520MPa on average, the elongation is 24% on average, and the impact power value at 20 ℃ is 180J on average).
Example 2:
the steel is manufactured by a furnace number of 302522, a steel grade Q345D, a total loading amount of the converter of 100t and a tapping amount of 90 t. The specific production process conditions are illustrated as follows: the tapping temperature is 1676 ℃, and the oxygen content of molten steel in a hearth of the converter is 470ppm and the carbon content is 0.071 percent by using an oxygen determination couple at the end point. Opening and increasing ladle bottom blowing argon strong argon blowing (argon pressure 0.7Mpa, flow 800 NL/min) for 4 minutes in the tapping process, and adding materials in the tapping process according to the following steps: the lime adding amount is 420 Kg/furnace, the fluorite adding amount is 80 Kg/furnace, the pure aluminum block is 200 Kg/furnace, and the manganese-iron alloy is controlled according to the manganese content of steel. After tapping, moving the ladle to an argon station, blowing argon continuously in the moving process, keeping strong argon blowing for 5-7 minutes after the ladle reaches the argon station, stirring and desulfurizing by means of good dynamic conditions generated after the ladle is impacted by molten steel in the tapping process and strong stirring of argon blowing at the bottom of the ladle, and simultaneously fully melting and uniformly stirring aluminum to oxidize part of aluminum and reduce the oxygen content in molten steel; adjusting argon (argon pressure is 0.25Mpa, flow is 150 NL/min) to carry out pure calcium line addition, wherein the pure calcium line addition is 95 m/furnace, continuing to blow argon for 7 min by using small argon after the pure calcium line addition, modifying residual alumina inclusion in the molten steel to reduce the melting point of the alumina inclusion, removing the liquid inclusion, closing the argon after the temperature reaches 1574 ℃, adding sufficient covering agent to the surface layer of the molten steel in the steel ladle to carry out heat preservation, and carrying out continuous casting by using a travelling crane. The physical indexes are detected as follows:
the calcium content in the molten steel is 0.0020 percent; the aluminum content is 0.023%; the sulfur content is 0.004%; the continuous casting is smooth without the abnormal phenomenon of water gap blockage; the thickness range of the rolled steel plate is 16-30 mm, wherein: the surface of the steel plate has no defects of cracks, air holes, inclusions and the like, the surface percent of pass is 100%, the flaw detection of the steel plate reaches the three-level qualified level of the national standard, the flaw detection percent of pass is 100%, and the performance detection is 100% (wherein the yield strength is 360MPa on average, the tensile strength is 525MPa on average, the elongation is 24% on average, and the impact power value at 20 ℃ is 190J on average).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A low-cost rapid smelting method of aluminum-containing steel comprises the following steps:
1) the tapping temperature of the converter is not lower than 1670 ℃, and the oxygen content of the molten steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 600 ppm;
2) in the converter tapping process, lime is added according to the requirement of 4-5 Kg per ton of steel, fluorite is added according to the requirement of 0.5-1.0 Kg per ton of steel to produce furnace slag with proper alkalinity, strong argon blowing is carried out for 2-5 minutes, and stirring desulfurization is carried out by means of good dynamic conditions generated after molten steel impacts a steel ladle in the tapping process and strong stirring of argon blowing at the bottom of the steel ladle;
3) adding lime and fluorite during tapping of the converter, and simultaneously directly adding pure aluminum blocks with aluminum content more than or equal to 99%, wherein the pure aluminum blocks are completely added into a steel ladle before tapping of the converter is finished;
4) and after tapping, the steel ladle is moved to an argon blowing station, argon blowing is stopped in the process, strong argon blowing is still kept for 5-7 minutes after the steel ladle reaches the argon blowing station, the steel ladle is fully stirred and desulfurized, a certain amount of pure calcium wires are added after the argon blowing strength is reduced in the later stage of argon blowing to carry out calcification modification treatment on alumina inclusions in the steel ladle, the purity of the steel ladle is improved, the alumina inclusions are eliminated, and the castability requirement of continuous casting steel ladle is met.
2. The rapid smelting method of low-cost aluminum-containing steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and 2) when argon is blown strongly in the step 2), the pressure of the argon is 0.6-0.9 Mpa, and the flow is 600-1000 NL/min.
3. The rapid smelting method of low-cost aluminum-containing steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and 3) adding 2.0-2.5 Kg of pure aluminum blocks into each ton of steel in the step.
4. The rapid smelting method of low-cost aluminum-containing steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and 4) in the later stage of argon blowing of the molten steel in the argon blowing station in the step 4), reducing argon, wherein the pressure of the argon is 0.20-0.35 Mpa, the flow is 80-200 NL/min, adding a steel pure calcium wire of 1.0-1.3 m/t into the steel ladle to denature alumina inclusions remained in the molten steel, so that the melting point is reduced, the liquid inclusions are removed, and after the pure calcium wire is added, continuing argon blowing with small argon flow for more than 6 min.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113832299A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-24 | 吉林建龙钢铁有限责任公司 | Preparation process of Q235B steel |
| CN114085953A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-25 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Control method for acid dissolution of aluminum in aluminum-containing cold heading steel |
| CN115044739A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-13 | 柳州钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for quickly and accurately controlling aluminum under ultra-short process technology |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105385811A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-09 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Production method for steel containing aluminum |
-
2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010609458.2A patent/CN111719033A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105385811A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-09 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Production method for steel containing aluminum |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113832299A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-24 | 吉林建龙钢铁有限责任公司 | Preparation process of Q235B steel |
| CN114085953A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-25 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Control method for acid dissolution of aluminum in aluminum-containing cold heading steel |
| CN114085953B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2023-01-13 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Control method for acid dissolution of aluminum in aluminum-containing cold heading steel |
| CN115044739A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-13 | 柳州钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for quickly and accurately controlling aluminum under ultra-short process technology |
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