CN111718668A - High-molecular root-resistant waterproof roll and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-molecular root-resistant waterproof roll and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111718668A CN111718668A CN202010614740.XA CN202010614740A CN111718668A CN 111718668 A CN111718668 A CN 111718668A CN 202010614740 A CN202010614740 A CN 202010614740A CN 111718668 A CN111718668 A CN 111718668A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/29—Laminated material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J195/00—Adhesives based on bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
- E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
- C09J2423/04—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
- C09J2423/046—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene in the substrate
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- C09J2427/006—Presence of halogenated polymer in the substrate
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- C09J2475/00—Presence of polyurethane
- C09J2475/006—Presence of polyurethane in the substrate
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09J2495/00—Presence of bitume
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-molecular root-puncture-resistant waterproof coiled material which comprises a release film, an adhesive layer and a root-blocking tire base layer, wherein the release film, the adhesive layer and the root-blocking tire base layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; also provides a production method of the macromolecule root-resistant waterproof roll, which comprises the steps of preparing a raw material of an adhesive layer, preparing a base layer of a root-resistant tire, preparing a finished product and the like; the root-resistant composite material has a self-repairing effect, maintains effective waterproof performance for a long time, the adhesive layer and the root-resistant base layer are of a separated structure to form a double waterproof structure, the reinforcing layer further enhances the resistance to plant root puncture, and the raw material of the adhesive layer also comprises a root-resistant agent which hinders the growth of roots in the adhesive layer through a chemical principle and further enhances the root puncture resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waterproof material production, in particular to a high-molecular root-puncture-resistant waterproof coiled material and a production method thereof.
Background
The waterproof coiled material is a flexible building material product which can be curled into a roll shape and has the functions of resisting external rainwater and underground water leakage, is used as a leakage-free connection between an engineering foundation and a building, is a waterproof first barrier of the whole engineering, plays a vital role in the whole engineering, and is required to have good water resistance, stability (no flowing, no bubbling and no flow at high temperature and no brittle fracture at low temperature) on temperature change, certain mechanical strength, extensibility and fracture resistance, certain flexibility and ageing resistance and the like.
With the development of waterproof material technology, the technical characteristic demand of the waterproof material is higher and higher, because dust can be accumulated on the roof or the ground, and plant seeds fall on the surfaces of various waterproof coiled materials, or sometimes soil is covered on the surfaces of the waterproof coiled materials for plant planting, when plants start to grow, the root systems of the plants can penetrate through the surfaces of the waterproof coiled materials after reaching the waterproof coiled materials, so that the waterproof capability of the waterproof coiled materials is damaged, and therefore the new-generation waterproof coiled materials also need to have the capability of resisting root penetration.
However, the existing root penetration resistant waterproof coiled material has certain problems, and a part of products sacrifice the waterproof effect in order to pursue the root penetration resistant capability, so that the waterproof performance is reduced; some products are single-layer integral waterproof and have root puncture resistance, when the products are affected by environmental factors to cause cracks or are accidentally penetrated by root systems, the whole waterproof material needs to be laid again, and the reliability is not high enough.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-molecular root-penetration-resistant waterproof coiled material, which is used for solving the problem that the waterproof effect is influenced by the pursuit of root-penetration-resistant performance of the existing waterproof coiled material or the reliability is not high enough due to a single-layer integral structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a macromolecule root-puncture-resistant waterproof coiled material comprises a release film, an adhesive layer and a root-resistant tire base layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the adhesive layer is internally provided with an enhancement layer which is used for preventing water and root puncture, one side of the adhesive layer is tightly connected with the root-resistant tire base layer to form a whole, and the other side of the adhesive layer is covered by the release film for protection; the root-resistant tire base layer comprises a polymer root-resistant layer, two waterproof layers which are vertically clamped with the polymer root-resistant layer, and a protective layer arranged outside the upper waterproof layer.
Further, the reinforcing layer is made of polyester fiber mesh cloth.
Furthermore, the adhesive layer is self-adhesive taking rubber asphalt as a main material, and also comprises an antioxidant, a root-resisting agent and filling powder.
Further, the high polymer root-resistant layer is one of high polymer polyethylene polypropylene fiber, PVC or PEVA; the waterproof layer is any one of PVC, EVA, PE and ECB; the protective layer is made of polyurethane plastic.
Further, the antioxidant is styrenated phenolic derivative; the root inhibitor is 3' -chloropropiophenone; the filling powder is talcum powder.
A production method of a macromolecule root-resistant waterproof coiled material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing adhesive layer raw materials: heating asphalt raw materials to a liquid state which can flow, adding the asphalt raw materials into a preparation storage tank for further heating to a degree of about 130 ℃ and pumping, then extracting hot asphalt through a metering tank according to the metering, then pumping the hot asphalt into a stirring tank for stirring, heating and dehydrating, adding 2 mass percent of rubber oil for continuous heating after the temperature reaches 150 ℃, adding 4 mass percent of filler and heating to 205 ℃ when the temperature reaches 165 ℃, cooling to 190 ℃ after stirring for about 1 hour, adding 7 mass percent of thermoplastic rubber, 5 mass percent of styrene butadiene rubber, 0.8 mass percent of catalyst and 4 mass percent of rubber powder, cooling to about 180 ℃ after stirring for 1.5 hours, adding 0.16 mass percent of additive and 0.04 mass percent of root-blocking agent after grinding twice, adding 10 mass percent of filling powder and cooling to 160 ℃ after stirring for 0.5 hour, stirring for 0.5 hour to discharge;
(2) preparing a root-resistant tire base layer: the waterproof layer, the polymer root-blocking layer and the protective layer are laid according to requirements and then are tightly pressed together through a rolling roller, and different levels are connected and fixed in an auxiliary mode through viscose glue;
(3) and (3) preparing a finished product: and (3) after the parameters are set, firstly, using a roller to unfold the base layer of the root-resistant tire, using coating equipment to coat the adhesive layer on the surface of the base layer of the root-resistant tire, uniformly smearing, and then using a laminating machine to press the release film on the outer side of the adhesive layer, thus obtaining the finished product of the macromolecule root-resistant waterproof coiled material.
Preferably, the filler includes 40% by mass of natural rubber and 60% by mass of synthetic rubber.
Preferably, the additive is a hindered phenol antioxidant.
Preferably, the catalyst is one of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and dibenzothiazyl disulfide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the adhesive layer is prepared from asphalt raw materials, is fully combined with rubber, has excellent flexibility and bonding capability, can be tightly connected with the ground, and simultaneously eliminates the influence of ground stress;
2. the base layer of the root-resisting tire and the adhesive layer are of a separated structure, wherein the adhesive layer is also of a rubber asphalt structure and has waterproof performance, and a double waterproof structure is formed with the base layer of the root-resisting tire, so that the waterproof effect of the base layer is ensured while the root-resisting puncture effect is ensured;
3. the adhesive layer also comprises a reinforcing layer which is made of polyester fiber grid cloth, so that the resistance to plant root puncture can be further enhanced, in addition, the raw material of the adhesive layer also comprises a root-resisting agent, the growth of root systems in the adhesive layer is hindered through a chemical principle, and the root puncture resistance is further enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a protective layer; 2. a waterproof layer; 3. a root-resistant tire base layer; 4. an adhesive layer; 5. an enhancement layer; 6. and (4) a release film.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a polymer root-puncture-resistant waterproof roll, which comprises a release film 6, an adhesive layer 4 and a root-resistant tire base layer 3, wherein the release film 6, the adhesive layer 4 and the root-resistant tire base layer 3 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, an enhancement layer 5 is further arranged in the adhesive layer 4, the enhancement layer 5 is used for preventing water and root puncture, one side of the adhesive layer 4 is tightly connected with the root-resistant tire base layer 3 to form a whole, the other side of the adhesive layer is covered by the release film 6 for protection, the release film 6 is torn off when the roll is used, and then the adhesive layer; the root-resistant tire base layer 3 comprises a polymer root-resistant layer, two waterproof layers 2 which are vertically clamped with the polymer root-resistant layer, and a protective layer 1 arranged outside the upper waterproof layer 2.
In a further scheme of the invention, the enhancement layer 5 is made of polyester fiber grid cloth, so that the structural strength is enhanced, and when the plant root system penetrates through the upper root-blocking base layer 3, the enhancement layer 5 is utilized to continuously maintain the effect of root-blocking puncture.
The high-molecular root-resistant layer is one of high-molecular polyethylene polypropylene fiber, PVC or PEVA; the waterproof layer 2 is any one of PVC, EVA, PE and ECB; the protective layer 1 is made of polyurethane plastic.
The adhesive layer 4 is self-adhesive with rubber asphalt as a main material, and also comprises an antioxidant, a root inhibitor and filling powder. In a preferred embodiment, the antioxidant is styrenated phenolic derivative; the root inhibitor is 3' -chloropropiophenone; the filling powder is talcum powder.
The invention also comprises a production method of the macromolecular root-resistant waterproof roll, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials of the adhesive layer 4: heating asphalt raw materials to a liquid state which can flow, adding the asphalt raw materials into a preparation storage tank for further heating to a degree of about 130 ℃ and pumping, then extracting hot asphalt through a metering tank according to the metering, then pumping the hot asphalt into a stirring tank for stirring, heating and dehydrating, adding 2 mass percent of rubber oil for continuous heating after the temperature reaches 150 ℃, adding 4 mass percent of filler and heating to 205 ℃ when the temperature reaches 165 ℃, cooling to 190 ℃ after stirring for about 1 hour, adding 7 mass percent of thermoplastic rubber, 5 mass percent of styrene butadiene rubber, 0.8 mass percent of catalyst and 4 mass percent of rubber powder, cooling to about 180 ℃ after stirring for 1.5 hours, adding 0.16 mass percent of additive and 0.04 mass percent of root-blocking agent after grinding twice, adding 10 mass percent of filling powder and cooling to 160 ℃ after stirring for 0.5 hour, stirring for 0.5 hour to discharge;
(2) preparing a root-resistant tire base layer 3: the waterproof layer 2, the polymer root-blocking layer and the protective layer 1 are laid according to requirements and then tightly pressed together through a rolling roller, and different levels are connected and fixed by using viscose glue in an auxiliary manner;
(3) and (3) preparing a finished product: after the parameters are set, the root-resistant base layer 3 is unfolded by using a roller, the surface of the root-resistant base layer 3 is coated with the adhesive layer 4 by using coating equipment, and after the adhesive layer is uniformly coated, the release film 6 is pressed outside the adhesive layer 4 by using a laminating machine, so that the finished product of the macromolecule root-resistant waterproof coiled material is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filler comprises 40% by mass of natural rubber and 60% by mass of synthetic rubber. The additive is a hindered phenol antioxidant. The catalyst is one of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and dibenzothiazyl disulfide.
The invention has the following technical advantages on the whole:
1. the special high-viscosity strong self-adhesive material is more tightly bonded with concrete and is bonded into a whole through the synergistic reaction of chemical coordination and physical permeation to form a closed and sealed whole;
2. self-locking water: the specially-made high-viscosity strong self-adhesive glue can lock a leakage point and prevent water from flowing, even if the local damage of the coiled material occurs, the water outlet point can be limited in a very small range, and the maintenance reliability of the waterproof layer 2 is improved;
3. tear resistance: the product also ensures the ultra-strong transverse and longitudinal tearing resistance under the due softness condition;
4. the raw material composition of the special high-viscosity strong self-adhesive material and the ultraviolet resistance of the sheet determine that the high-molecular root-puncture-resistant waterproof roll can meet the design age requirement of key infrastructure, and the defect of short service life of the traditional waterproof roll is overcome;
5. low temperature resistance: the good low-temperature flexibility enables the product to be suitable for various regions, even low-temperature extreme climate regions and environments;
6. high elongation: the product has high toughness, and the elongation of the product is 5 times of that of a common film.
In the embodiment, each item of data of the obtained product is greatly improved compared with the prior art, the tensile property and the tensile force of the product in the physical and mechanical properties are larger than 250N/50mm, the elongation at the maximum tensile force is larger than 300%, the tearing force is larger than 40N, the heat resistance is 80 ℃, the product does not slide, flow or drip within two hours, the product has no crack at the low-temperature flexibility of minus 23 ℃, and the peeling strength (no treatment on a lap edge) of the coiled material and the coiled material is larger than 1.8N.
The comparison of various data of the present invention with the prior art is shown in the following table:
finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a root resistant waterproofing membrane of polymer which characterized in that: the root-resistant tire comprises a release film, an adhesive layer and a root-resistant tire base layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the adhesive layer is internally provided with an enhancement layer which is used for preventing water and root puncture, one side of the adhesive layer is tightly connected with the root-resistant tire base layer to form a whole, and the other side of the adhesive layer is covered by the release film for protection; the root-resistant tire base layer comprises a polymer root-resistant layer, two waterproof layers which are vertically clamped with the polymer root-resistant layer, and a protective layer arranged outside the upper waterproof layer.
2. The polymer root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the enhancement layer is a mesh fabric made of polyester fiber.
3. The polymer root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adhesive layer is self-adhesive taking rubber asphalt as a main material, and further comprises an antioxidant, a root inhibitor and filling powder.
4. The polymer root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-molecular root-resistant layer is one of high-molecular polyethylene polypropylene fiber, PVC or PEVA; the waterproof layer is any one of PVC, EVA, PE and ECB; the protective layer is made of polyurethane plastic.
5. The polymer root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the antioxidant is styrenated phenolic derivative; the root inhibitor is 3' -chloropropiophenone; the filling powder is talcum powder.
6. The method for producing the root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing adhesive layer raw materials: heating asphalt raw materials to a liquid state which can flow, adding the asphalt raw materials into a preparation storage tank for further heating to a degree of about 130 ℃ and pumping, then extracting hot asphalt through a metering tank according to the metering, then pumping the hot asphalt into a stirring tank for stirring, heating and dehydrating, adding 2 mass percent of rubber oil for continuous heating after the temperature reaches 150 ℃, adding 4 mass percent of filler and heating to 205 ℃ when the temperature reaches 165 ℃, cooling to 190 ℃ after stirring for about 1 hour, adding 7 mass percent of thermoplastic rubber, 5 mass percent of styrene butadiene rubber, 0.8 mass percent of catalyst and 4 mass percent of rubber powder, cooling to about 180 ℃ after stirring for 1.5 hours, adding 0.16 mass percent of additive and 0.04 mass percent of root-blocking agent after grinding twice, adding 10 mass percent of filling powder and cooling to 160 ℃ after stirring for 0.5 hour, stirring for 0.5 hour to discharge;
(2) preparing a root-resistant tire base layer: the waterproof layer, the polymer root-blocking layer and the protective layer are laid according to requirements and then are tightly pressed together through a rolling roller, and different levels are connected and fixed in an auxiliary mode through viscose glue;
(3) and (3) preparing a finished product: and (3) after the parameters are set, firstly, using a roller to unfold the base layer of the root-resistant tire, using coating equipment to coat the adhesive layer on the surface of the base layer of the root-resistant tire, uniformly smearing, and then using a laminating machine to press the release film on the outer side of the adhesive layer, thus obtaining the finished product of the macromolecule root-resistant waterproof coiled material.
7. The method for producing the root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the filler comprises 40% by mass of natural rubber and 60% by mass of synthetic rubber.
8. The method for producing the root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the additive is a hindered phenol antioxidant.
9. The method for producing the root penetration resistant waterproof roll material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the catalyst is one of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and dibenzothiazyl disulfide.
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105505217A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 刘冠麟 | Self-bonding waterproof roll applied to planted roof and preparation method of self-bonding waterproof roll |
CN207291199U (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-05-01 | 天津市禹红建筑防水材料有限公司 | A kind of root resistant waterproof roll |
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105505217A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 刘冠麟 | Self-bonding waterproof roll applied to planted roof and preparation method of self-bonding waterproof roll |
CN207291199U (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-05-01 | 天津市禹红建筑防水材料有限公司 | A kind of root resistant waterproof roll |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
张玉龙: "《粘接技术手册》", 31 August 2001, 中国轻工业出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20200929 |