CN111718665A - Adhesive film for packaging photovoltaic module with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Adhesive film for packaging photovoltaic module with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111718665A
CN111718665A CN202010648661.0A CN202010648661A CN111718665A CN 111718665 A CN111718665 A CN 111718665A CN 202010648661 A CN202010648661 A CN 202010648661A CN 111718665 A CN111718665 A CN 111718665A
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layer
adhesive film
parts
photovoltaic module
foaming
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CN111718665B (en
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曹明杰
郑炯洲
桑燕
唐国栋
周光大
林建华
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Hangzhou First Applied Material Co Ltd
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Hangzhou First Applied Material Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
    • C09J7/26—Porous or cellular plastics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/12—Chemical modification
    • C08J7/123—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
    • C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
    • C08J9/0028—Use of organic additives containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
    • C08J9/102—Azo-compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/32—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09J123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C09J123/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C09J123/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
    • C09J123/0853—Vinylacetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/04—N2 releasing, ex azodicarbonamide or nitroso compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/22—Expandable microspheres, e.g. Expancel®
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2206—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of calcium, strontium or barium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
    • C08K5/132—Phenols containing keto groups, e.g. benzophenones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • C08K5/14—Peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
    • C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
    • C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/322—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for the production of solar panels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
    • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
    • C09J2400/24—Presence of a foam
    • C09J2400/243—Presence of a foam in the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
    • C09J2423/04—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
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    • C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
    • C09J2423/04—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
    • C09J2423/046—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene in the substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a back layer adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multilayer structure. The back layer adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module comprises an upper bonding layer, a foaming layer and a lower bonding layer which are sequentially superposed, wherein at least one structural layer of the upper bonding layer, the foaming layer and the lower bonding layer contains peroxide. Compared with the common adhesive film, the back adhesive film has lower modulus, and can greatly reduce the risks of fragment, hidden crack, grid breakage and the like of the battery piece in the packaging and using processes.

Description

Adhesive film for packaging photovoltaic module with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof
The application is a divisional application based on a patent application with the application date of 2017, 8, and 11, and the application number of 201710684937.9, and the name of the invention is 'adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multilayer structure and a preparation method thereof'.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic application, and relates to an adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multilayer structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing severity of energy and environmental issues, the utilization of clean and renewable energy is not slow, and among them, the photovoltaic power generation technology has been developed and matured, and the application of photovoltaic cells has been popularized. In order to further improve the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell and reduce the preparation cost so as to realize the flat-price internet access, new cell and module technologies are continuously developed. For example, the conversion efficiency of the PERC battery is obviously higher than that of the common battery, and the market share is also increased year by year. The development of novel component technologies such as multiple main grids, no main grid, half piece and laminated tile enables the power of the component to be greatly improved compared with that of a common photovoltaic component. With the development of the technology, the thickness of the battery piece is gradually reduced. However, compared with the common photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module using the above battery technology and module technology has the advantages that the risks of breaking the battery piece, hidden cracking, breaking the grid and the like in the service process are obviously improved, and even the probability of occurrence in the production process of the battery piece or the module is higher.
The packaging material plays a role in adhesion protection and the like in the assembly, and the reliability of the assembly can be improved to a certain extent by using the conventional packaging material such as an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film. However, reliability issues are not negligible for the new and efficient batteries and components that are conventionally packaged, with more stringent requirements placed on the packaging materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multilayer structure, which has lower modulus compared with a common adhesive film, greatly reduces the risks of fragment breakage, hidden crack, grid breakage and the like of a battery piece in the packaging and using processes, and effectively solves the problems of serious water absorption, reduced caking property and the like caused by a cellular structure.
The adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure is characterized by comprising an upper bonding layer, a foaming layer, a lower bonding layer and other three-layer structures, wherein the foaming layer is positioned between the upper bonding layer and the lower bonding layer; the upper bonding layer and the lower bonding layer are both composed of 100 parts by weight of bonding layer main body material and 0.1-15 parts by weight of auxiliary agent, and the foaming layer is composed of 100 parts by weight of foaming layer main body material, 0.1-15 parts by weight of auxiliary agent and 0.1-10 parts by weight of foaming agent; the auxiliary agent of at least one layer of the three-layer structure contains 0.01-3 parts by weight of peroxide.
Further, the auxiliary agent is: 0.1-5 parts of assistant crosslinking agent, 0.1-3 parts of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1-3 parts of antioxidant and 0.1-5 parts of coupling agent;
the auxiliary crosslinking agent is multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate, preferably one or a mixture of more of triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate;
the ultraviolet absorbent is formed by mixing one or more of salicylates, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, substituted acrylonitrile, triazines and hindered amines according to any proportion, and preferably is formed by mixing one or more of 2- (2 '-hydroxy-5' -methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy benzophenone according to any proportion;
the antioxidant is prepared by mixing one or more of an antioxidant 245, an antioxidant 1010, an antioxidant 1035, an antioxidant 1076, an antioxidant 1098, an antioxidant 1135 and an antioxidant 3114 according to any proportion;
the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent and is formed by mixing one or more of gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, N-beta-aminoethyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, diethylamino methyl triethoxysilane, dichloromethyl triethoxysilane and vinyl trimethoxysilane according to any proportion.
The auxiliary crosslinking agent can accelerate the crosslinking speed and reduce peroxide bubbles; ultraviolet absorbers can increase weathering characteristics; the silane coupling agent can increase the adhesive strength.
Furthermore, at least one layer of the three-layer structure is doped with 0.1-10 parts by weight of molecular sieve materials or water-absorbing materials, the molecular sieve materials are preferably 3A, 4A and 5A type molecular sieves, and the water-absorbing materials are preferably one or a mixture of more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide.
Furthermore, the thickness of the foaming layer is 20-800 microns, the diameter of the foam hole is 5-500 microns, the foam hole rate is 10-80%, the pre-crosslinking degree of the foaming layer is 5-80%, and the pre-crosslinking degree of the upper bonding layer is 10-60%.
Furthermore, the main material of the bonding layer is obtained by mixing one or more of EVA, POE and polyacrylate according to any proportion, and the main material of the foaming layer is obtained by mixing one or more of EVA, POE, PP, PE, polyester, polyurethane and polyamide according to any proportion.
Further, the peroxide is selected from di (4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, isopropyl t-butylperoxycarbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2-ethylhexyl t-butylperoxycarbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1-bis (t-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, 2-bis (t-butylperoxy) butane, isopropyl t-butylperoxycarbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 1-bis (t, Tert-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (benzoylperoxy) -hexane, tert-amyl peroxycarbonate, tert-butyl peroxy-3, 3, 5-trimethylhexanoate, dicumyl peroxide and dibenzoyl peroxide in any proportion; the foaming agent is a physical foaming agent or a chemical foaming agent, and the physical foaming agent is one or more of inert gas, low-boiling-point liquid, a core-shell microsphere foaming agent or hollow glass microspheres which are mixed according to any proportion; the chemical foaming agent is obtained by mixing one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, azo compounds, sulfonyl hydrazine compounds or nitroso compounds according to any proportion.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the upper bonding layer is a plane or has a regular concave-convex structure, and the regular concave-convex structure is a spherical bulge, a conical bulge, a prismatic table bulge or a microprism structure bulge.
Furthermore, the upper bonding layer is a colored adhesive film, which is realized by adding a colored filler into the main material of the upper bonding layer, wherein the colored filler is titanium dioxide, high-gloss barium sulfate, hollow glass beads, carbon black or other colored fillers; the addition amount of the filler is 1-10 parts by weight.
A preparation method of the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of a foaming layer main body material, 0.1-15 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent and 0.1-10 parts by weight of a foaming agent, and performing melt extrusion on the foaming layer at the extrusion temperature of 75-120 ℃;
(2) arranging a high-temperature foaming cavity at the outlet of the extrusion casting die head or after casting film forming, wherein the heating temperature of the foaming cavity is 90-150 ℃, and the foaming time is 0.5-10 min, so that a foam structure is generated in the foaming layer;
(3) uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of bonding layer main material and 0.1-15 parts by weight of auxiliary agent, and coating the mixture on two sides of a foaming layer by spraying, blade coating, roller coating and other modes to form an upper bonding layer and a lower bonding layer;
(4) adopting UV irradiation or electron beam irradiation or infrared irradiation to pre-crosslink the main material of the foaming layer and the main material of the upper bonding layer, wherein the irradiation time is 1-15 min, and the irradiation dose is 0.01-0.1 kWh/m2And obtaining the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure.
A preparation method of the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of a foaming layer main body material, 0.1-15 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent and 0.1-10 parts by weight of a foaming agent, uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of a bonding layer main body material and 0.1-15 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent, and preparing a glue film with a three-layer structure comprising an upper bonding layer, a foaming layer and a lower bonding layer in a three-layer co-extrusion mode;
(2) arranging a high-temperature foaming cavity at the outlet of the extrusion casting die head or after casting film forming, wherein the heating temperature of the foaming cavity is 90-150 ℃, and the foaming time is 0.5-10 min, so that a foam structure is generated in the foaming layer;
(3) adopting UV irradiation or electron beam irradiation or infrared irradiation to pre-crosslink the main material of the foaming layer and the main material of the upper bonding layer, wherein the irradiation time is 1-15 min, and the irradiation dose is 0.01-0.1 kWh/m2And obtaining the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure.
Further, in the preparation method, before the radiation process, a required microstructure can be prepared on the upper surface of the upper bonding layer by adopting a pattern roller engraved with the required microstructure.
The adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure can be applied to the back layer of the photovoltaic module package. The adhesive film laying and assembly laminating process is the same as that when the conventional packaging adhesive film is used.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the packaging adhesive film with the foaming structure has lower elastic modulus, so that the buffering capacity of the adhesive film can be enhanced, and the risk of mechanical damage such as cell fragment, hidden crack, grid breakage and the like in the production and service processes of the assembly is reduced; 2) the regular concave-convex structure on the upper surface of the adhesive film can enhance the multi-angle reflection of light, so that the light incident to the gap of the battery piece can be reused, and the power of the assembly is improved; 3) the upper and lower bonding layers can enhance the bonding strength of the adhesive film, the battery piece, the back plate (polymer or glass) and the upper adhesive film, and effectively solve the problem of the bonding force of the foaming adhesive film; 4) the packaging adhesive film is doped with a water-absorbing material or a molecular sieve, so that the water absorption problem of the foaming layer can be effectively eliminated, and the battery element is prevented from being damaged by moisture. 5) The three-layer structure design effectively prevents appearance defects such as overflow, wrinkles and the like of a single foaming layer adhesive film during assembly lamination; 6) and a shaping process is added, so that the foam structure in the foaming layer and the surface microstructure in the upper bonding layer are ensured to still keep the original structure after the photovoltaic module is laminated, and the beneficial effects are exerted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer photovoltaic module packaging adhesive film according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bonding layer on an adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multi-layer structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 100-photovoltaic module packaging adhesive film, 110-upper bonding layer, 120-foaming layer, 130-lower bonding layer, 111-upper bonding layer surface microstructure, and 112-upper bonding layer main body.
Detailed Description
The adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multilayer structure provided by the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and do not have any limiting effect thereon.
Example 1
Uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of foaming layer main body material POE, 6.1 parts by weight of auxiliary agent (comprising 0.1 part of auxiliary cross-linking agent triallyl isocyanurate, 3 parts of ultraviolet absorbent 2- (2 '-hydroxy-5' -methylphenyl) benzotriazole and 3 parts of antioxidant 1035) and 10 parts by weight of core-shell microsphere foaming agent, and melting and extruding a foaming layer at the extrusion temperature of 90 ℃;
arranging a high-temperature foaming cavity after casting and film forming, wherein the heating temperature of the foaming cavity is 130 ℃ of the optimal foaming temperature of the foaming agent, and the foaming time is 10min, so as to prepare a foaming layer 120 with a foam cell structure;
uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of transparent EVA, 12.1 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent (comprising 3 parts of an auxiliary cross-linking agent, namely triallyl cyanurate, 2 parts of ultraviolet absorbent, namely 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 0.1 part of antioxidant 1010, 2 parts of coupling agent, namely gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propylvinyltrimethoxysilane, 5 parts of peroxide, namely 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane) and 10 parts by weight of a 5A type molecular sieve, coating the mixture on one side of a foaming layer by a spraying mode to form a lower bonding layer 120, then uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of white EVA, 12.1 parts by weight of auxiliary agent which is the same as the lower bonding layer and 10 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, coating the mixture on the other side of the foaming layer in a spraying mode to form an upper bonding layer 110, and then preparing a required microstructure 111 on the upper surface of the upper bonding layer through a patterned roller carved with the required microstructure;
adopting electron beam radiation to generate pre-crosslinking on the main material of the foaming layer and the main material of the upper bonding layer, wherein the irradiation time is 1min, and the irradiation dose is 0.05kWh/m2To obtain the adhesive film 100 for packaging the photovoltaic module with a multi-layer structure.
Example 2
Uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of EVA, 4.1 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent (comprising 3 parts of auxiliary cross-linking agent ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.1 part of ultraviolet absorbent 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 1 part of antioxidant 1135) and 0.5 part by weight of azo compound chemical foaming agent, and melting and extruding a foaming layer at the extrusion temperature of 75 ℃;
arranging a high-temperature foaming cavity at the outlet of the extrusion casting die head, wherein the heating temperature of the foaming cavity is 150 ℃, and the foaming time is 0.5min, so as to prepare a foaming layer 120 with a foam cell structure;
uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of transparent EVA, 9.1 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent (comprising 1 part of an auxiliary crosslinking agent triallyl cyanurate, 2 parts of ultraviolet absorber 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 3 parts of antioxidant 1076, 0.1 part of a coupling agent diethylamino methyl triethoxy silane, 3 parts of peroxide 1, 1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane) and 0.1 part by weight of calcium oxide, coating the mixture on one side of a foaming layer in a spraying manner to form a lower bonding layer 120, uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of white EVA, 9.1 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent which is the same as the lower bonding layer and 5 parts by weight of high-gloss barium, coating the mixture on the other side of the foaming layer in a spraying manner to form an upper bonding layer 110, and preparing a required microstructure 111 on the upper surface of the upper bonding layer by a pattern roller carved with the required microstructure;
adopting electron beam irradiation to generate pre-crosslinking on the main material of the foaming layer and the main material of the upper bonding layer, wherein the irradiation time is 15min, and the irradiation dose is 0.1kWh/m2To obtain the adhesive film 100 for packaging the photovoltaic module with a multi-layer structure.
Example 3
Uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of POE, 9.1 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent (comprising 5 parts of auxiliary cross-linking agent trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 3 parts of ultraviolet absorbent 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 0.1 part of antioxidant 1010, 1 part of peroxide 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane) and 10 parts by weight of a core-shell microsphere foaming agent, uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of transparent EVA, 9 parts by weight of the auxiliary agent (comprising 1 part of auxiliary cross-linking agent trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 2 parts of ultraviolet absorbent 2- (2 '-hydroxy-5' -methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 3 parts of antioxidant 1098, 5 parts of coupling agent gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3 parts of peroxide tert-butyl peroxydicarbonate-2-ethylhexyl) and 0.5 parts by weight of a 4A type molecular sieve, uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of transparent EVA and 9 parts by weight of auxiliary agent;
casting an adhesive film with a three-layer structure comprising an upper bonding layer 110, a foaming layer 120 and a lower bonding layer 130 by a three-layer co-extrusion mode, wherein the extrusion temperature is 120 ℃, and preparing a required microstructure 111 on the upper surface of the upper bonding layer by a pattern roller carved with the required microstructure after casting;
arranging a high-temperature foaming cavity after casting film forming, wherein the heating temperature of the foaming cavity is 90 ℃ of the optimal foaming temperature of the foaming agent, and the foaming time is 3min, so that foaming holes are formed in the foaming layer 120 in the three-layer structure;
(4) the foaming layer main material and the upper bonding layer main material are pre-crosslinked by adopting infrared irradiation, the irradiation time is 15min, and the irradiation dose is 0.03kWh/m2Obtaining a glue film 100 for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure;
comparative example 1
The structure and the material of the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module with the multilayer structure are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and electron beam irradiation shaping is not performed in the preparation process.
Comparative example 2
A photovoltaic module packaging adhesive film is composed of a single foaming layer, the formula and the main material of the foaming layer are the same as those in embodiment 2, the preparation process of the foaming layer is to uniformly mix a chemical foaming agent, the main material and an auxiliary agent, extrude and cast at 90 ℃ and complete foaming through a high-temperature foaming cavity at 130 ℃.
Comparative example 3
The structure and the material of the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module are the same as those of the adhesive film in the embodiment 2, but the water absorbing material is not added in the lower bonding layer. The preparation process was identical to example 2.
The adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module with a multilayer structure (hereinafter referred to as the adhesive film of the invention) obtained by the above embodiment is applied to packaging of a solar cell module, and is evaluated by the following test method:
1. glass/packaging adhesive film bond strength
The test method refers to the national standard GB/T2790 adhesive 180 DEG peel strength test method flexible material to rigid material.
The sample preparation comprises the steps of taking 3mm thick glass, the adhesive film, the EVA adhesive film and the TPT back plate, putting the glass/the EVA adhesive film/the back plate into a vacuum laminating machine in sequence, and laminating and curing for 15 minutes at 145 ℃.
The test was carried out on a tensile machine with a peeling speed of 100mm/min and the tensile strength values were recorded.
2. Reflectivity of packaging film
The preparation of the sample comprises the steps of taking the packaging adhesive film, putting the packaging adhesive film into a vacuum laminating machine according to the order of the release film/the adhesive film/the release film, and laminating and curing for 15 minutes at 145 ℃. And taking out the laminated adhesive film for testing.
The reflectance of the adhesive film at 400-700nm was measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.
3. Water vapor transmission rate of packaging film
The preparation of the sample comprises the steps of taking the packaging adhesive film, putting the packaging adhesive film into a vacuum laminating machine according to the order of the release film/the adhesive film/the release film, and laminating and curing for 15 minutes at 145 ℃. And taking out the laminated adhesive film for testing.
The measurement was carried out with a water vapor permeability meter.
4. Aging test
And (3) putting the sample for testing the bonding strength of the glass/packaging adhesive film into a humid and hot aging box, taking out the sample after the temperature is 85 ℃, the humidity is 85% and the time is 1000h, and measuring the bonding strength and yellowing of the glass/packaging adhesive film. The yellowing measurement was performed using a spectrocolorimeter with the glass facing the light source.
5. Observation of foaming Condition
Sample preparation: the preparation of the sample comprises the steps of taking the packaging adhesive film, putting the packaging adhesive film into a vacuum laminating machine according to the order of the release film/the adhesive film/the release film, and laminating and curing for 15 minutes at 145 ℃. And taking out the laminated adhesive film for testing.
The observation method comprises the following steps: a strong-light flashlight is arranged on the back side of the adhesive film, and observation is carried out from the front side of the adhesive film.
The packaging performance ratios of the adhesive films obtained in the examples and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1. The data in the table show that the adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module obtained in the embodiment has higher reflectivity, higher peel strength, lower water vapor permeability, excellent aging performance and capability of keeping the original cell structure after the module is laminated. The adhesive film in comparative example 1 has similar performance, but cannot maintain the original foam structure after the assembly is laminated, and the adhesive film in comparative example 2 has lower reflectivity, lower peeling strength, large water vapor transmittance, large yellowing after aging and poorer comprehensive performance. The water vapor transmission rate of the adhesive film in comparative example 3 was high.
TABLE 1 comparison of the encapsulation properties obtained in the examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0002574093120000061
Figure BDA0002574093120000071
In addition, other modifications within the spirit of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and it is understood that such modifications are included within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (12)

1. The back layer adhesive film for packaging the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising an upper bonding layer, a foaming layer and a lower bonding layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein at least one structural layer of the upper bonding layer, the foaming layer and the lower bonding layer contains peroxide.
2. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material for forming the foam layer comprises 100 parts by weight of a foam layer main body material, 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent, and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a foaming agent.
3. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging according to claim 2, wherein the raw material for forming the upper adhesive layer and the raw material for forming the lower adhesive layer each independently comprise 100 parts by weight of an adhesive layer main material and 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of an auxiliary, and the auxiliary for forming the foaming layer, the auxiliary for forming the upper adhesive layer, and the auxiliary for forming the lower adhesive layer comprise 0.01 to 3 parts by weight of the peroxide in the auxiliary for at least one structural layer.
4. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises: 0.1-5 parts of assistant crosslinking agent, 0.1-3 parts of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1-3 parts of antioxidant and 0.1-5 parts of coupling agent;
the auxiliary crosslinking agent is preferably multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate, and is further preferably one or a mixture of more of triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate;
preferably, the ultraviolet absorbent is one or more of salicylic acid esters, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, substituted acrylonitrile, triazines and hindered amines, and is further preferably one or more of 2- (2 '-hydroxy-5' -methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy benzophenone, which are mixed according to any proportion;
preferably, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing one or more of an antioxidant 245, an antioxidant 1010, an antioxidant 1035, an antioxidant 1076, an antioxidant 1098, an antioxidant 1135 and an antioxidant 3114 according to any proportion;
preferably, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent and is formed by mixing one or more of gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, N-beta-aminoethyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, diethylamino methyl triethoxysilane, dichloromethyl triethoxysilane and vinyl trimethoxysilane according to any proportion.
5. The back adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one of the upper bonding layer, the foamed layer and the lower bonding layer is doped with a molecular sieve material or a water-absorbing material, preferably at least one of the upper bonding layer, the foamed layer and the lower bonding layer is doped with 0.1-10 parts by weight of the molecular sieve material or the water-absorbing material, preferably the molecular sieve material is a mixture of any one or more of 3A, 4A and 5A type molecular sieves, and preferably the water-absorbing material is a mixture of one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide.
6. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the thickness of the foam layer is 20 to 800 μm, the diameter of the foam pores is 5 to 500 μm, and the porosity of the foam pores is 10 to 80%.
7. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the foaming layer and the upper adhesive layer are each independently a pre-crosslinked film, preferably the foaming layer has a pre-crosslinking degree of 5% to 80%, and preferably the upper adhesive layer has a pre-crosslinking degree of 10% to 60%.
8. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the host material of the upper adhesive layer and the host material of the lower adhesive layer each independently comprise one of EVA, POE, and polyacrylate or a plurality thereof mixed at any ratio, and the host material of the foam layer comprises one of EVA, POE, PP, PE, polyester, polyurethane, and polyamide or a plurality thereof mixed at any ratio.
9. The backsheet adhesive film for photovoltaic module encapsulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the peroxide is selected from the group consisting of bis (4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, isopropyl t-butylperoxycarbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2-ethylhexyl t-butylperoxycarbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1-bis (t-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, di (4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, t-butylperoxy) hexane, di (t-butylp, 2, 2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, tert-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (benzoylperoxy) -hexane, tert-amyl peroxy carbonate, tert-butyl peroxy-3, 3, 5-trimethylhexanoate, dicumyl peroxide and dibenzoyl peroxide, or a mixture of more of them according to any proportion.
10. The back adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the foaming agent is a physical foaming agent or a chemical foaming agent, preferably the physical foaming agent is one or more of an inert gas, a low-boiling-point liquid, a core-shell microsphere foaming agent or hollow glass microspheres in any proportion; preferably, the chemical foaming agent is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, azo compounds, sulfonyl hydrazine compounds or nitroso compounds mixed according to any proportion.
11. The back adhesive film for photovoltaic module packaging according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the upper surface of the upper adhesive layer is planar or has a regular concavo-convex structure, and the regular concavo-convex structure is a spherical bulge, a conical bulge, a truncated pyramid bulge or a micro-prism structure bulge.
12. The back adhesive film for packaging a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the upper adhesive layer is a colored adhesive film containing a colored filler, preferably the colored filler is titanium dioxide, high-gloss barium sulfate, hollow glass beads, carbon black or other colored fillers; the preferable addition amount of the filler is 1 to 10 parts by weight.
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