CN111716255A - Pre-bending tool for ribbed wallboard and shot blasting forming method - Google Patents
Pre-bending tool for ribbed wallboard and shot blasting forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111716255A CN111716255A CN202010585433.3A CN202010585433A CN111716255A CN 111716255 A CN111716255 A CN 111716255A CN 202010585433 A CN202010585433 A CN 202010585433A CN 111716255 A CN111716255 A CN 111716255A
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- shot blasting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard, which comprises a stand column, a blocking strip, a base plate and a fastening device, wherein the blocking strip is arranged in parallel with the length direction of ribs of the ribbed wallboard; the fastening device comprises a first ball head screw, a nut and a spherical surface screw cap, the tail part of the first ball head screw is fixedly connected with the stand column, the ball head part of the first ball head screw is movably embedded in the spherical surface screw cap, and the nut is sleeved on the first ball head screw and is in threaded connection with the spherical surface screw cap; when the ribbed wallboard is prestressed, the spherical nail cap is contacted with the base plate. The invention also discloses a shot blasting forming method. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard aims to solve the problems that the deformation of a skin is difficult and the surface smoothness is low due to large deformation of shot blasting forming of the ribbed wallboard and rigid constraint of a stringer on the skin material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation manufacturing, and particularly relates to a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard and a shot blasting forming method.
Background
The shot-peening technique is a forming method which utilizes high-speed shot flow to impact the surface of a metal plate, so that the impacted surface and the metal material at the lower layer thereof generate plastic deformation and extend, and the plate is gradually subjected to bending deformation protruding towards the sprayed surface to achieve the required shape. This technology began in the early fifties of the twentieth century and evolved with the widespread use of integral panel components for aircraft. The forming method does not need a special die and a press machine in the forming process, is flexible and various, is very suitable for small-batch production, and is widely applied to forming integral wall plates of wings, fuselages, carrier rocket fuel tanks and the like of airplanes. Shot peening has become a major method of forming monolithic panels for modern aircraft, particularly large aircraft.
With the technical development of shot-peening forming, the prestressed shot-peening forming is gradually popularized, and the prestressed shot-peening forming refers to a shot-peening forming method which applies load on a part plate blank in advance by a prestressed clamp before shot-peening forming to form elastic strain and then forms the part plate blank. Under the condition of the same shot blasting strength and coverage rate, the forming limit of the pre-stress shot blasting is 2-3 times of that of the free shot blasting, and meanwhile, the additional bending deformation along the shot blasting route direction can be effectively controlled by the pre-stress shot blasting.
Along with the improvement of the requirements of maneuverability, durability and fuel economy of a novel advanced airplane, the curvature of the appearance of the integral ribbed wallboard is increasingly complex, the deformation resistance of the integral ribbed structure is enhanced while the rigidity is enhanced, and the shot blasting forming of the ribbed wallboard with the complex appearance brings more challenges. Breaking through the shot blasting forming technology of the large-curvature ribbed wallboard and becoming the key for successfully manufacturing the large-scale airplane ribbed wallboard.
The large-curvature ribbed wallboard has the defects of difficult deformation of the skin, low surface smoothness and poor surface waviness of parts in serious conditions due to large deformation amount of shot blasting forming and rigid constraint of the stringer on the skin material. In order to solve the problem, the skin needs to be properly pre-bent before shot blasting forming, and shot blasting parameters of different shot blasting areas are reasonably determined.
However, in the prior art, the tool cannot flexibly contact the skin in the pre-bending process, and after the wallboard is pre-bent and deformed, the cushion plate has a certain gap with the skin due to self rigidity, and the direction of the force applied by the screw and the cushion plate form an included angle. This causes the elastic deformation and the uneven strain distribution of the skin after pre-bending, and seriously affects the surface smoothness of the wall panel skin after shot blasting forming. As an integral wall panel skin of an aircraft aerodynamic shape, the out-of-tolerance of the surface smoothness can influence the aerodynamic load and stress state of the aircraft and seriously influence the integral performance of the aircraft. In addition, after the direction of the force applied by the screw forms an included angle with the base plate, the screw is subjected to component force resistance in the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction in the feeding process, so that inconvenience is brought to operation, and the efficiency of process operation is greatly influenced.
In view of the above, those skilled in the art need to provide a pre-bending tool and a shot-peening forming method for a ribbed wallboard to solve the problems of difficult skin deformation and low surface smoothness of the ribbed wallboard due to large deformation amount of shot-peening forming and rigid constraint of stringers on a skin material.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the ribbed wallboard is difficult in skin deformation and low in surface smoothness due to large deformation amount of shot blasting forming and rigid constraint of a stringer on a skin material.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard, which comprises a stand column, a blocking strip, a base plate and a fastening device, wherein the blocking strip is arranged in parallel with the length direction of a rib of the ribbed wallboard;
the fastening device comprises a first ball head screw, a nut and a spherical surface screw cap, the tail part of the first ball head screw is fixedly connected with the upright post, the ball head part of the first ball head screw is movably embedded in the spherical surface screw cap, and the nut is sleeved on the first ball head screw and is in threaded connection with the spherical surface screw cap; when the ribbed wallboard is prestressed, the spherical nail cap is contacted with the base plate.
Furthermore, the fastening device further comprises a second ball head screw and a connecting plate, the tail part of the second ball head screw is far away from the upright column, the ball head part of the second ball head screw is movably embedded in the spherical nail cap, and the nut is sleeved on the second ball head screw and is in threaded connection with the spherical nail cap;
the first ball head screw and the second ball head screw penetrate through the connecting plate and are in threaded connection with the connecting plate.
Furthermore, the two second ball screws are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first ball screw respectively.
Further, the spherical nail cap comprises a mounting groove and a base, and the mounting groove is fixedly connected with the base; the mounting groove is used for mounting the bulb part of the first ball screw, and the base is used for contacting with the base plate when the ribbed wallboard is pre-stressed.
Further, the outer wall of mounting groove be equipped with the external screw thread of the internal thread looks adaptation of nut, the nut with mounting groove threaded connection.
Further, the upright posts are perpendicular to the length direction of the ribs.
Furthermore, the backing plate is attached to the position between two adjacent ribs on the ribbed wallboard.
The invention provides a shot blasting forming method based on the pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard, which comprises the following steps of:
pre-bending the ribbed wallboard by using a pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard;
when the curvature radius of the outer surface of the ribbed wallboard reaches a set value, stopping pre-bending;
and determining the shot blasting forming parameters of the outer surface of the skin of the ribbed wallboard.
Further, utilize ribbed wallboard preflex frock to carry out the preflex to ribbed wallboard, specifically include following step:
dividing the outer surface shot blasting area of the ribbed wallboard into a rib shot blasting area, a transition shot blasting area and a skin shot blasting area;
and pre-bending with different strength values is carried out according to the pre-bending parameters of different shot blasting areas.
Further, the parameters of the different peening zones specifically include:
the width of the thickened boss of the rib is L1Width A of said rib shot-blast area1＝k1*L1，k1<1；
The width of the inner surface between two adjacent ribs is L2Width A of said skin peen area2＝k2*L2；k2<1；
Width A of the transition shot blasting region3＝(L1+L2-A1-A2)/2；
The shot blasting forming intensity of the transition shot blasting area is 70% -90% of that of the rib shot blasting area;
the shot blasting forming strength of the skin shot blasting area is 30% -50% of the strength of the rib shot blasting area.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard, which comprises a stand column, a blocking strip, a base plate and a fastening device, wherein the blocking strip is arranged in parallel with the length direction of ribs of the ribbed wallboard; the fastening device comprises a first ball head screw, a nut and a spherical surface screw cap, the tail part of the first ball head screw is fixedly connected with the stand column, the ball head part of the first ball head screw is movably embedded in the spherical surface screw cap, and the nut is sleeved on the first ball head screw and is in threaded connection with the spherical surface screw cap; when the ribbed wallboard is prestressed, the spherical nail cap is contacted with the base plate. This preflex frock exerts the feed power through first bulb screw, and first bulb screw will exert power and transmit the backing plate on the ribbed wallboard covering through the sphere top cap, and the wallboard is outside surface convex deformation thereupon, and in the deformation process, the angle constantly changes between backing plate and the first bulb screw, and the sphere top cap changes at any time, keeps contacting with the backing plate often. According to the process, the feeding direction of the first ball head screw is unchanged, the operation convenience can be improved, the flexible pre-bending of the ribbed wallboard skin is finally realized, the cushion plate and the skin are in good contact, the flexibility is adjustable, the tool is flexible and applicable, the tool manufacturing cost can be saved, and the surface smoothness and the surface quality of the pre-bent skin are greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a left side view of a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is an installation schematic diagram of a first ball screw, a nut and a spherical nut cap in the pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a comparison diagram before and after the pre-bending of the ribbed wallboard by the pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a shot peening method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating different shot-peening zone profiles in a shot-peening method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of different shot-peening region sizes in a shot-peening method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a column; 2. blocking strips; 3. a base plate; 411. a first ball screw; 412. a second ball stud; 413. a connecting plate; 42. a nut; 43. a spherical nail cap; 431. mounting grooves; 432. a base; 5. a ribbed wallboard; 51. ribs; 511. the rib is thickened with a boss; 52. covering a skin; B. shape before pre-bending; C. pre-bent shape; D. a rib shot blasting area; E. a transition shot blasting area; F. covering the shot blasting area.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
According to a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a pre-bending tool for a ribbed wallboard is provided, as shown in fig. 1, the pre-bending tool comprises a stand column 1, a blocking strip 2, a base plate 3 and a fastening device, wherein the blocking strip 2 is arranged in parallel with the length direction of a rib 51 of the ribbed wallboard 5, the fastening device is used for fixing the ribbed wallboard 5 at a gap between the stand column 1 and the blocking strip 2, the rib 51 faces the stand column 1, and the base plate 3 is attached to the surface of the ribbed wallboard 5 facing the stand column 1;
the fastening device comprises a first ball head screw 411, a nut 42 and a spherical nail cap 43, the tail part of the first ball head screw 411 is fixedly connected with the upright post 1, the ball head part of the first ball head screw 411 is movably embedded in the spherical nail cap 43, and the nut 42 is sleeved on the first ball head screw 411 and is in threaded connection with the spherical nail cap 43; when the ribbed panel 5 is pre-stressed, the spherical nut 43 contacts the backing plate 3.
In this embodiment, when the ribbed panel 5 is prestressed, the first ball screw 411 transmits the feed force to the tie plate 3 and the skin 52 through the ball nut 43, and the skin 52 is deformed convexly in the outer surface direction under the rigid constraint condition of the bar 2.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, before pre-bending (as shown in B), the tie plates 3 are placed at corresponding positions on the inner surface of the ribbed panel 5, and the skin area between each rib 51 is composed of 3 sets of tie plates 3, with a spacing of 2-5 mm. The first ball screw 411 is in threaded connection with the central hole of the connecting plate 413 through the corresponding hole position on the upright post 1, and then the second ball screw 412 is in threaded connection with the hole positions on the two sides of the connecting plate 413. The ball screw cap 43 and the nut 42 are connected to the ball of the first ball screw 411, wherein the ball screw cap 43 and the nut 42 are connected by a screw thread. After connection, the ball of the first ball screw 411 and the spherical nut 43 may achieve multiple degrees of freedom relative rotation similar to a "joint".
During pre-bending (as shown in C), a wrench tool is used to apply a feed force to the first ball screw 411, which transmits the force through the spherical top cap 43 to the tie plate 3 on the skin 52, with the ribbed panel 5 deforming convexly towards the outer surface. In the deformation process, the angle between the backing plate 3 and the first ball screw 411 is changed continuously, and the spherical top cap 43 is changed at any time and is kept in contact with the backing plate 3 at any time. In the process, the feeding direction of the first ball screw 411 is unchanged, so that the operation convenience can be greatly improved. Finally, flexible pre-bending of the skin 52 is achieved, and the backing plate 3 is in good contact with the skin 52. And measuring the cambered surface of the outer surface of the wallboard after pre-bending by means of a clamping plate or a solitary height instrument and the like, and stopping pre-bending when the curvature radius of the outer surface obtained by measurement reaches a design value.
In some optional embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the fastening device further includes a second ball screw 412 and a connecting plate 413, a tail of the second ball screw 412 is far away from the column 1, a ball head of the second ball screw 412 is movably embedded in the spherical nut 43, and the nut 42 is sleeved on the second ball screw 412 and is in threaded connection with the spherical nut 43; the first ball screw 411 and the second ball screw 412 are both inserted into the connection plate 413 and are in threaded connection with the connection plate 413.
In this embodiment, the length of the second ball screw 412 is smaller than that of the first ball screw 411, so that the contact area with the skin 52 can be increased, and the binding force when the ribbed panel 5 is pre-bent is reduced because the second ball screw 412 is not fixedly connected with the upright 1.
In some alternative embodiments, two second ball screws 412 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first ball screw 411. The purpose of the symmetrical arrangement is to make the prestress forces acting on the skin 1 more uniform.
In some alternative embodiments, as shown in fig. 4-5, the spherical nut 43 includes a mounting groove 431 and a base 432, the mounting groove 431 is fixedly connected with the base 432; the mounting groove 431 is used for mounting the ball portion of the first ball screw 411, and the base 432 is used for contacting the backing plate 3 when the ribbed wall plate 5 is pre-stressed.
In some alternative embodiments, the outer wall of the mounting groove 431 is provided with an external thread matching the internal thread of the nut 42, and the nut 42 is threadedly coupled to the mounting groove 431.
In some alternative embodiments, the columns 1 are arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the ribs 51.
In alternative embodiments, the shim plate 3 is applied to the ribbed panel 5 at a position between two adjacent ribs 51.
The second aspect of the invention provides a shot peening forming method based on the pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard, as shown in fig. 7, and the shot peening forming method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-bending the ribbed wallboard by using a pre-bending tool of the ribbed wallboard;
s2, stopping pre-bending when the curvature radius of the outer surface of the ribbed wallboard reaches a set value;
and S3, determining the shot blasting forming parameters of the outer surface of the skin of the ribbed wallboard.
In some optional embodiments, the pre-bending of the ribbed wallboard by using the pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard specifically comprises the following steps:
dividing the outer surface shot blasting area of the ribbed wallboard into a rib shot blasting area, a transition shot blasting area and a skin shot blasting area;
and pre-bending with different strength values is carried out according to the pre-bending parameters of different shot blasting areas.
In some optional embodiments, the parameters of the different peening zones specifically include:
the width of the thickened boss of the rib is L1Width A of the bead blasting zone1＝k1*L1，k1<1；
The width of the inner surface between two adjacent ribs is L2Width A of skin shot blast area2＝k2*L2；k2<1；
Width A of transition shot-blasting zone E3＝(L1+L2-A1-A2)/2；
The shot blasting forming strength of the transition shot blasting area D is 70% -90% of that of the rib shot blasting area;
the shot blasting forming strength of the skin shot blasting area F is 30% -50% of that of the rib shot blasting area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8-9, the skin outer surface shot peening parameters are designed: the shot blasting area in the outer surface of the ribbed wall plate 5 is divided into a rib shot blasting area D, a transition shot blasting area E and a skin shot blasting area F.
The width of the rib thickening boss 511 is L1, the width of the inner surface between the adjacent ribs 51 is L2, and the width of a rib shot blasting area D is 80% -90% of L1 and is defined as A1; the width of the skin shot blasting area F is 70-90% of L2 and is defined as A2; the width of the transition shot blasting area E is A3 ═ L1+ L2-A1-A2)/2.
In one embodiment, a ribbed panel 5 (dimension of about 8300mm x 800mm, material designation: 2024-T351, which is a complex curved surface with a convex curvature toward the outer surface and a large curvature) is pre-stressed shot-peened using the shot-peening method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in table 1 below, to achieve the final requirements of profile accuracy and surface waviness.
TABLE 1 zoned shot peening parameters
| Shot blasting region | Shot blasting air pressure (MPa) | Shot blasting coverage |
| Rib shot blasting area | 0.48 | 90％ |
| Transitional shot blasting zone | 0.35 | 65％ |
| Skin shot blasting area | 0.23 | 40％ |
The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the flexibility of the device is adjustable, the device is flexible and applicable, the manufacturing cost of the tool can be saved, and the surface smoothness and the surface quality of the skin after pre-bending are greatly improved; the matching relation between the pre-bending parameters of the outer surface of the ribbed wallboard and the parameters of different areas in the shot-peening forming method can greatly improve the numerical control shot-peening forming precision, improve the design index of the surface waviness, reduce the production period by more than 20 percent and improve the aerodynamic appearance smoothness of the airplane.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard is characterized by comprising a stand column (1), a blocking strip (2), a base plate (3) and a fastening device, wherein the blocking strip (2) is arranged in parallel with the length direction of a rib (51) of the ribbed wallboard (5), the fastening device is used for fixing the ribbed wallboard (5) at the gap between the stand column (1) and the blocking strip (2), the rib (51) faces the stand column (1), and the base plate (3) is attached to the surface of the ribbed wallboard (5) facing the stand column (1);
the fastening device comprises a first ball head screw (411), a nut (42) and a spherical nail cap (43), the tail part of the first ball head screw (411) is fixedly connected with the upright post (1), the ball head part of the first ball head screw (411) is movably embedded in the spherical nail cap (43), and the nut (42) is sleeved on the first ball head screw (411) and is in threaded connection with the spherical nail cap (43); when the ribbed wallboard (5) is pre-stressed, the spherical nail cap (43) is contacted with the base plate (3).
2. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the fastening device further comprises a second ball screw (412) and a connecting plate (413), the tail of the second ball screw (412) is far away from the upright post (1), the ball head of the second ball screw (412) is movably embedded in the spherical screw cap (43), and the nut (42) is sleeved on the second ball screw (412) and is in threaded connection with the spherical screw cap (43);
the first ball screw (411) and the second ball screw (412) penetrate through the connecting plate (413) and are in threaded connection with the connecting plate (413).
3. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard according to claim 2, wherein the two second ball screws (412) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first ball screw (411) respectively.
4. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the spherical nut (43) comprises a mounting groove (431) and a base (432), and the mounting groove (431) is fixedly connected with the base (432); the mounting groove (431) is used for mounting the ball head part of the first ball screw (411), and the base (432) is used for contacting the base plate (3) when the ribbed wall plate (5) is pre-stressed.
5. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard according to claim 4, wherein an outer wall of the mounting groove (431) is provided with an external thread matched with an internal thread of the nut (42), and the nut (42) is in threaded connection with the mounting groove (431).
6. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the upright column (1) is perpendicular to the length direction of the rib (51).
7. The pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the backing plate (3) is attached to the ribbed wallboard (5) at a position between two adjacent ribs (51).
8. A shot peening forming method based on the pre-bending tool of the ribbed wallboard according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
pre-bending the ribbed wallboard by using a pre-bending tool for the ribbed wallboard;
when the curvature radius of the outer surface of the ribbed wallboard reaches a set value, stopping pre-bending;
and determining the shot blasting forming parameters of the outer surface of the skin of the ribbed wallboard.
9. The shot-peening forming method of claim 8, wherein the pre-bending of the ribbed panel by the ribbed panel pre-bending tool comprises the following steps:
dividing the outer surface shot blasting area of the ribbed wallboard into a rib shot blasting area, a transition shot blasting area and a skin shot blasting area;
and pre-bending with different strength values is carried out according to the pre-bending parameters of different shot blasting areas.
10. A method for shot-peening according to claim 9, wherein the parameters of the different peening zones specifically include:
the width of the thickened boss of the rib is L1Width A of said rib shot-blast area1＝k1*L1，k1<1；
The width of the inner surface between two adjacent ribs is L2Width A of said skin peen area2＝k2*L2；k2<1；
Width A of the transition shot blasting region3＝(L1+L2-A1-A2)/2；
The shot blasting forming intensity of the transition shot blasting area is 70% -90% of that of the rib shot blasting area;
the shot blasting forming strength of the skin shot blasting area is 30% -50% of the strength of the rib shot blasting area.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112719058A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-30 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Method for improving spanwise prestress of shot blasting forming of high-rib integral wallboard |
| CN115635004A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-01-24 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Shot blasting forming method for saddle-shaped ribbed wallboard |
| CN116713381A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-09-08 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Shot-peening pre-bending tool and method for ribbed wallboard |
| CN117086504A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Shot blasting forming profile control method for thin-wall T-shaped welded ribbed wallboard |
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