CN111715184B - Method for improving soil by using biochar - Google Patents
Method for improving soil by using biochar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111715184B CN111715184B CN202010535475.6A CN202010535475A CN111715184B CN 111715184 B CN111715184 B CN 111715184B CN 202010535475 A CN202010535475 A CN 202010535475A CN 111715184 B CN111715184 B CN 111715184B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/16—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil by using biochar, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing and drying the straws in the sun; (2) soaking in alkali liquor; (3) drying the straws soaked in the alkali liquor for later use; (4) soaking in a silane coupling agent solution; (5) drying the straw powder soaked in the silane coupling agent solution in the sun and then pyrolyzing the straw powder; (6) cooling the biochar obtained by pyrolysis to room temperature, and doping the biochar in soil to be improved. In the method for improving the soil by using the biochar, the biochar is high in yield, low in pyrolysis energy consumption and low in pyrolysis gas production, and the biochar can improve the arsenic adsorption capacity of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biochar preparation. In particular to a method for improving soil by using biochar.
Background
In the prior art, many research results have been obtained for preparing biochar from straws for soil improvement, for example, the straw biochar has a certain positive effect in improving soil polluted by heavy metals. However, the straw biochar also has some disadvantages when used for soil improvement, such as: when soil is improved, the arsenic adsorption capacity of the soil is reduced, and the more the application amount is, the weaker the arsenic adsorption capacity of the soil is, so that the arsenic can be more easily absorbed and utilized by organisms; in addition, when the straw biochar is prepared at present, the pyrolysis temperature is usually about 500 ℃, the generated pyrolysis gas amount is large, the recycling is difficult, and the yield of the biochar prepared from the straw is low, so that the method is not beneficial to popularization and application in vast rural areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the yield of the biochar is high, the pyrolysis energy consumption is low, the pyrolysis gas production is low, and the prepared biochar can improve the arsenic adsorption capacity of soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for improving soil by using the biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the straws in the sun;
(2) soaking in alkali liquor;
(3) drying the straws soaked in the alkali liquor for later use;
(4) soaking in a silane coupling agent solution;
(5) drying the straw powder soaked in the silane coupling agent solution in the sun and then pyrolyzing the straw powder;
(6) cooling the biochar obtained by pyrolysis to room temperature, and doping the biochar in soil to be improved.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (1): crushing the straws by a crusher and then sieving the crushed straws by a 100-mesh sieve.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (1): the straw is the mixture of corn straw and wheat straw and rice straw.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (2): the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide suspension, and the soaking temperature is 20-35 deg.C, and the soaking time is 24-48 h.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (2): the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-2g/kg, and the concentration of the calcium hydroxide suspension is 3-10 g/kg.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (4): the silane coupling agent is KH550 or KH 560.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (4): the concentration of the silane coupling agent is 0.5-1 wt%.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (5): the pyrolysis time is 30min-2 h.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps of (5): the pyrolysis temperature is 230-250 ℃.
The method for improving soil by using charcoal comprises the following steps (1) and (3): drying the straw powder until the water content is less than or equal to 5 wt%; in step (5): drying the straw powder soaked in the silane coupling agent solution until the water content is 10-15 wt%; in step (6): the doping amount of the biochar in the soil is 1-20%.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
1. because the pyrolysis temperature of the hemicellulose is 200-250 ℃, the pyrolysis temperature of the cellulose is 230-350 ℃, and the lignin is pyrolyzed at the temperature of more than 270 ℃. The pyrolysis temperature selected in the method is higher than 230 ℃ and lower than 250 ℃, so that the hemicellulose is fully pyrolyzed, the cellulose is partially pyrolyzed, the lignin is not pyrolyzed, the yield of the biochar is high, and the unpyrolyzed cellulose and lignin can be degraded and utilized in soil, so that the soil fertility is increased. The steam is mainly used in the initial stage of pyrolysis, and the recovery treatment is easy; and lignin basically does not pyrolyze under the condition, and cellulose is only partially pyrolyzed, so that the real biomass pyrolysis gas is less, the subsequent recovery treatment is easier, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.
2. The invention not only reduces the pyrolysis temperature, reduces the pyrolysis energy consumption and improves the yield of the biochar, but also is beneficial to forming a porous structure of the biochar and increasing the adsorption active sites and the sites firmly combined with soil.
3. According to the invention, after the straws are soaked in the silane coupling agent solution, the straws are aired to the water content of 10-15wt% and then pyrolyzed, the initial stage of pyrolysis is equivalent to that of pyrolysis and a hydrothermal reaction is simultaneously carried out, the rice straws belong to straws with higher silicon content, part of newly living silicon dioxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and other metal ions in the straws generate silicates, the compatibility of biochar and soil is improved, the binding force between the biochar and the soil is stronger, and thus a complex with stronger adsorption capacity can be formed after the biochar and the soil are mixed, and the purpose of synergistically enhancing the arsenic adsorption capacity of the soil is achieved; the other part of the new active silicon dioxide is combined with the cellulose to form a cellulose-silicon dioxide composite material with better stability, so that the micro-combination force of the biochar and the soil is further enhanced, and the arsenic adsorption capacity of the soil is improved.
Detailed Description
The method for improving soil by using the biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the straws: crushing the straws by a crusher and then sieving the crushed straws by a 100-mesh sieve; the straw is a mixture of wheat straw and rice straw, wherein the mass fraction of the wheat straw in the straw is 70-85 wt%; drying the straw powder until the water content is less than or equal to 5 wt%.
In the straw composition used in the embodiment, the mass fraction of the wheat straw is 70-85 wt%, and the using amount of the rice straw is less; the calcium hydroxide suspension can selectively degrade more lignin in the wheat straws, and the degradation ratio of cellulose and hemicellulose is low; the method can also destroy the bond structure among lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, so that the barrier effect of lignocellulose macromolecules is relieved, the porosity and porosity of the finally prepared biochar are enhanced, the rapid degradation of the cellulose is facilitated, the plant growth requirement is met, the microbial transformation and utilization in soil are facilitated, and a stable composite material is formed between the active silicon dioxide generated in the pyrolysis process and the cellulose. The rice straw is pretreated by the calcium hydroxide suspension, so that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the rice straw can be relatively and synchronously degraded, the organic silicon and inorganic silicon reaction protection barrier in the rice straw is fully removed, and the rice straw is favorable for generating more active silicon dioxide in the pyrolysis process.
(2) Soaking in alkali liquor: the alkali solution is calcium hydroxide suspension with concentration of 5g/kg, and the soaking temperature is 25 deg.C, and the soaking time is 24 hr.
(3) And (3) drying the straws soaked in the alkali liquor for later use until the water content of the straw powder is less than or equal to 5 wt%.
(4) Soaking in a silane coupling agent solution: the silane coupling agent was KH550 at a concentration of 1 wt%.
(5) Drying the straw powder soaked in the silane coupling agent solution until the water content is 10-15wt%, and then performing pyrolysis: the pyrolysis time is 2 h; the pyrolysis temperature was 250 ℃. Rice straws generate silicon dioxide, and a part of the new-life silicon dioxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and other metal ions in the straws generate silicate; the silane coupling agent is dehydrated in the pyrolysis process and forms covalent bond connection with silicate, unreacted-OH in the silane coupling agent is in a free state and can form a strong hydrogen bond with soil, and the binding force of the biochar and the soil is further enhanced.
(6) Taking soil of a certain place As an example, the maximum adsorption quantity of the biological carbon material to As (V) is 135.2mg/kg, and after 15wt% of wheat straw biochar is doped in the soil, the maximum adsorption quantity of the biological carbon material to As (V) is reduced to 110.3 mg/kg. And 15wt% of the biochar prepared in the example is doped in soil, and the maximum adsorption amount of As (V) is 215.6 mg/kg.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for improving soil by using biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) crushing and drying the straws in the sun; crushing the straws by a crusher and then sieving the crushed straws by a 100-mesh sieve; the straw is a mixture of corn straw and rice straw or a mixture of wheat straw and rice straw;
(2) soaking in alkali liquor;
(3) drying the straws soaked in the alkali liquor for later use;
(4) soaking in a silane coupling agent solution;
(5) drying the straw powder soaked in the silane coupling agent solution in the sun and then pyrolyzing the straw powder; the pyrolysis time is 30min-2 h; the pyrolysis temperature is 230-250 ℃;
(6) cooling the biochar obtained by pyrolysis to room temperature and doping the biochar into soil to be improved;
in step (1) and step (3): drying the straw powder until the water content is less than or equal to 5 wt%; in step (5): drying the straw powder soaked in the silane coupling agent solution until the water content is 10-15 wt%; in step (6): the doping amount of the biochar in the soil is 1-20 wt%.
2. The method for soil improvement using biochar as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step (2): the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide suspension, and the soaking temperature is 20-35 deg.C, and the soaking time is 24-48 h.
3. The method for soil improvement using biochar as set forth in claim 2, wherein in step (2): the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-2g/kg, and the concentration of the calcium hydroxide suspension is 3-10 g/kg.
4. The method for soil improvement using biochar as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step (4): the silane coupling agent is KH550 or KH 560.
5. The method for soil improvement using biochar as set forth in claim 4, wherein in step (4): the concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is 0.5-1 wt%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010535475.6A CN111715184B (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2020-06-12 | Method for improving soil by using biochar |
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| CN202010535475.6A CN111715184B (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2020-06-12 | Method for improving soil by using biochar |
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| CN111715184A CN111715184A (en) | 2020-09-29 |
| CN111715184B true CN111715184B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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| CN114307955B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-08-26 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for restoring organic pollutants in farmland soil by combining biological carbon with biological degradation |
Citations (5)
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| CN104549152A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-29 | 云南银发绿色环保产业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of soil heavy-metal stabilizer |
| CN104998616A (en) * | 2015-07-11 | 2015-10-28 | 全椒盛源生物质能源有限公司 | Method for producing biological carbon from corn straws |
| CN108313998A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-07-24 | 安徽大地节能科技有限公司 | A kind of method that agricultural crop straw prepares biological carbon |
| CN109292751A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-01 | 福州大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of silicon doping charcoal |
| CN111253960A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-09 | 山东大学 | Straw biochar and low-temperature preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8317891B1 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-11-27 | Cool Planet Biofuels, Inc. | Method for enhancing soil growth using bio-char |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104549152A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-29 | 云南银发绿色环保产业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of soil heavy-metal stabilizer |
| CN104998616A (en) * | 2015-07-11 | 2015-10-28 | 全椒盛源生物质能源有限公司 | Method for producing biological carbon from corn straws |
| CN108313998A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-07-24 | 安徽大地节能科技有限公司 | A kind of method that agricultural crop straw prepares biological carbon |
| CN109292751A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-01 | 福州大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of silicon doping charcoal |
| CN111253960A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-09 | 山东大学 | Straw biochar and low-temperature preparation method thereof |
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