CN111711359B - MPC control method of two-stage Boost converter suitable for direct-current micro-grid - Google Patents
MPC control method of two-stage Boost converter suitable for direct-current micro-grid Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel MPC control method of a two-stage Boost converter suitable for a direct-current micro-grid, wherein the two-stage Boost converter is formed by cascading two Boost circuits as a main circuit. Then calculating the duty ratio of a circuit load, a switching tube of a rear-stage Boost circuit and the duty ratio of a switching tube of a front-stage Boost circuit in real time; and finally, the calculated switching function is sent to a PWM wave modulation module, and the modulation module modulates a corresponding switching tube PWM wave switching signal according to the switching function to complete the control of the two-stage Boost converter. The circuit has a simple structure, effectively improves the boost transformation ratio of the circuit, has a simple and convenient control algorithm, enables the outlet voltage to be quickly recovered when the circuit has sudden load change, and obviously improves the outlet voltage quality of the converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a novel MPC (Model Predictive Control) Control method suitable for a two-stage Boost of a direct-current micro-grid.
Background
In recent years, with the introduction of the concept of "microgrid" and the development of clean energy power generation technologies such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, a direct current microgrid has been vigorously developed. At present, the research on the direct-current micro-grid at home and abroad mainly focuses on the aspects of voltage control, protection, distributed power management and the like of a system, and the research on the power quality problem of the micro-grid is less. With the development of industrial technology, the requirements for the quality of electric energy become higher and higher. In order to provide high-quality direct current electric energy for users, develop a direct current power supply technology and popularize practical engineering, the research on the direct current conversion circuit and the control technology thereof has great significance.
Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a computer Control algorithm generated in the late 70 s of the 20 th century, has intuitive concept, is easy to Model, does not need precise models and complex Control parameter design, and has good effect on overcoming the problems of nonlinearity, uncertainty and the like in the industrial Control process. With the development and application of microprocessors, model predictive Control is gradually applied to a power electronic system, wherein discrete state Finite Control Set model predictive Control (FCS-MPC) directly utilizes discrete characteristics and switching state Finite characteristics of a converter, and these remarkable advantages make the model predictive Control research of the power electronic system hot.
The Boost converter is the most basic and common converter in the direct current microgrid, and most MPC control strategies of the Boost converter at present are related to circuit parameters due to cost functions, so that when the circuit parameters are changed, the control effect is affected immediately. In order to solve the problem, some researchers combine a PI module and a PID module with adaptive capacity with an MPC to provide a new cascade algorithm. But similarly, the algorithm also has the problems of complex control structure, slow dynamic process and long time consumption for parameter setting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing control method, the invention provides a novel MPC control method of a two-stage Boost converter suitable for a direct-current micro-grid, the control algorithm simplifies the control structure and the calculated amount, the dynamic process is optimized, and the designed two-stage Boost converter can quickly realize the dynamic voltage recovery during load switching through the control algorithm.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a two-stage Boost converter suitable for a direct-current micro-grid, which is formed by cascading two Boost circuits and is used for breaking through the limitation of a single-stage circuit, accelerating the dynamic recovery process when the load suddenly changes and greatly reducing the drop of outlet voltage.
The invention also provides a novel MPC control method of the two-stage Boost converter designed according to the circuit model and the control target, which comprises the following steps:
(1) for input voltage u in two-stage Boost converters(k) Input current is(k) Intermediate stage capacitor voltage u2(k) Later stage inductor current iL2(k) Output voltage udc(k) Output current idc(k) Real-time sampling is performed, where k represents the sampling instant.
(2) Calculating the duty ratio n of a circuit load R and a switching tube of a rear-stage Boost circuit in real time2And the duty ratio n of a preceding stage Boost circuit switching tube1：
R＝udc(k)/idc(k)
Wherein, C2A capacitor u at the outlet side of the post-stage Boost circuitdc_refRepresenting the exit voltage u at time kdcReference value of (1), TsIndicating the control period, L1 is the inductor of the preceding stage Boost circuit, is_refRepresenting the input current i at time ksTo the reference value of (c).
Wherein:
is_ref＝Pref/us(k)
us(k) the input voltage is at time k. PrefPower required to keep the outlet voltage stable:
Pref＝Pout+α·Po
alpha is a proportionality coefficient and takes the value of (1, 100).
(3) The calculated switching function n1，n2And the PWM wave modulation module modulates corresponding switching tube PWM wave switching signals according to the switching function to complete the control of the two-stage Boost converter.
The invention adopts two-stage Boost circuit cascade to break through the limitation of a single-stage circuit, the designed control method omits complicated cost function selection and calculation, the duty ratio of the switching tube is expanded into a switching function in a circuit discretization model, and the switching function value is directly calculated according to a control target. The control method realizes that the two-stage Boost converter can accelerate the dynamic recovery process when the load suddenly changes, greatly reduces the voltage drop of the outlet and fixes the switching frequency of the circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control structure diagram of a two-stage Boost converter;
FIG. 2 is a single stage Boost circuit topology;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram when the switching tube of the Boost circuit is conducted;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram when the switching tube of the Boost circuit is turned off;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of DC side outlet voltage simulation results;
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulation results of dynamic recovery of outlet voltage during sudden load rise;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing simulation results of the dynamic recovery process of the outlet voltage during load collapse.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a novel MPC control method of a single-phase cascade rectifier suitable for a direct-current microgrid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) for input voltage u in two-stage Boost converters(k) Input current is(k) Intermediate stage capacitor voltage u2(k) Later stage inductor current iL2(k) Output voltage udc(k) Output current idc(k) Real-time sampling is performed, where k represents the sampling instant.
(2) Calculating the duty ratio n of a circuit load R and a switching tube of a rear-stage Boost circuit in real time2And the duty ratio n of a preceding stage Boost circuit switching tube1：
R＝udc(k)/idc(k)
Wherein, C2A capacitor u at the outlet side of the post-stage Boost circuitdc_refRepresenting the exit voltage u at time kdcReference value of (1), TsDenotes the control period, L1For the preceding stage Boost circuit inductance, is_refRepresenting the input current i at time ksTo the reference value of (c).
Wherein:
is_ref＝Pref/us(k)
us(k) the input voltage at time k. PrefPower required to keep the outlet voltage stable:
Pref＝Pout+α·Po
alpha is a proportionality coefficient and takes the value of (1, 100).
Is the intermediate stage capacitor voltage reference.
(3) The calculated switching function n1，n2And the PWM wave modulation module modulates corresponding switching tube PWM wave switching signals according to the switching function to complete the control of the two-stage Boost converter.
The method of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a control structure diagram of a dual-stage Boost converter according to the present invention. The two IGBT switching tubes are respectively V1 and V2, VD1 and VD2 are two diodes, L1 is a front-stage Boost circuit inductor, C1 is an intermediate-stage capacitor (namely a front-stage Boost converter capacitor), and U2The intermediate-stage capacitor voltage is L2, the rear-stage Boost circuit inductor is C2, the output-side capacitor (namely the rear-stage Boost converter capacitor) is R direct-current load. u. ofs，isRespectively an input voltage, a current udc，idcRespectively output voltage and current.
A switching tube of the two-stage Boost converter is modulated by PWM, and a discrete prediction model of the two-stage Boost converter can be established according to kirchhoff's law and a corresponding circuit structure, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the single-tube non-isolated Boost circuit is a Boost chopper circuit, and the circuit topology is shown in fig. 2. The converter is divided into two working models according to whether the inductive current is 0 or not when the circuit works. If the current in the inductor and the stored electric energy are reduced to zero in the working period, the mode is called an inductor current discontinuous working mode; otherwise referred to as inductor current continuous mode of operation. In a direct-current micro-grid, most Boost circuits are in an inductive current continuous working mode when stably running.
When the switch tube V is turned on, the circuit is equivalent to FIG. 3, and the power source u is at this timesThe inductor L is charged, simultaneously the voltage on the capacitor C supplies power to the load R, and the current change rate on the inductor L is
The rate of change of the voltage on the capacitor C is
isFor input of current usIs an input voltage uoutTo output a voltage, i0To output a current.
When the switch tube V is turned off, the circuit is equivalent to FIG. 4, and u is shown in the figuresAnd L together charge a capacitor C and supply energy to a load R, the rate of change of the current on the inductor L being
The rate of change of the voltage on the capacitor C is
If m is recorded as a function of the on-off state of the switching tube, the on state is 1, and the off state is 0, then the formulas of the two operation states can be integrated into the same mathematical model
(2) In order to establish a two-stage Boost discrete prediction model, m is recorded1M is the switching state of the switching tube V12The switch state of the switch tube V2. The input and output corresponding to each stage of the Boost circuit are substituted into the formula, and the mathematical model of the two-stage Boost circuit can be obtained as follows:
(3) discretizing the mathematical model of the two-stage Boost converter
Wherein T issIndicates the control period of the controller and assumes a control period TsThe length is extremely short;
the novel MPC control algorithm designed by the invention redefines the switching function in the algorithm and sets the PWM modulation wave duty ratio of the switching tube as the switching function, so that m which can only be a fixed value can be originally selected1、m2Expanded to duty cycle n1、n2. Then cancelAnd (3) calculating a corresponding circuit parameter predicted value and a subsequent cost function, namely directly obtaining a voltage and current reference value according to a circuit control target, and taking the reference value as the corresponding circuit parameter predicted value which needs to be reached by the circuit at the moment k +1, so as to calculate the duty ratio n of the controlled switching tube, which is given by the controller for enabling the corresponding circuit parameter value at the moment k +1 to be equal to the reference value. Duty cycle n1、n2After the switching function is set, the mathematical model of the discretization two-stage Boost circuit is expressed as
(4) According to the designed prediction direct target control algorithm, when the load on the outlet side of the circuit is suddenly increased, in order to keep the outlet voltage stable, the reference value of the outlet voltage is used as the predicted value of the k +1 moment to be substituted into the formula
The duty ratio of the switching tube at the moment k is equal to the actual value of the outlet voltage at the moment k +1 and the reference value can be calculated by the formula.
(5) The circuit being arranged to maintain the outlet voltage stableRequired power PrefIs divided into two parts, one part is the power needed by the load
When the circuit load R is switched, the circuit load R can pass through the R-udc(k)/idc(k) And (4) calculating. The other part is the power P required to be provided by the circuit energy storage elemento. The power required by the circuit energy storage element is related to the set steady-state operation transformation ratio of the circuit, and the reference value U of the intermediate-stage capacitor voltage is given2_refThe required P at the time k can be calculatedoIs roughly
Because the circuit has an energy storage element, the power transfer has a certain time delay, and the simulation experiment shows that one and P are addedoThe control effect is better due to the related proportional coefficient alpha. I.e. Pref＝Pout+α·PoAnd alpha can generally take the value of (1, 100). After the reference power is obtained, the reference current required to be provided by the direct current voltage stabilizing source can be directly obtained and calculated,
is_ref＝Pref/us(k)
similarly, will is_refSubstituting n as the predicted value of current at time k +11The duty ratio of the switching tube at the moment k, which is equal to the actual value of the input current at the moment k +1, can be calculated by a calculation formula.
Therefore, the control method of the two-stage Boost converter is obtained. The method realizes the control effect of fast recovering the dynamic voltage during load switching.
In order to reflect the dynamic recovery effect of the two-stage Boost converter under the novel MPC control algorithm, the direct-current load is suddenly increased from 10 omega to 7.5 omega within 0.2 second set in simulation so as to simulate the load switching condition. Fig. 5 shows simulation results of the outlet voltage, wherein the system intervenes in the control algorithm at 0.1 second, and fig. 6 and 7 are detailed enlarged views of the outlet voltage dynamic recovery process. It can be seen that, after 0.1 second, the load is restored to 10 Ω in 0.3 second, and the method realizes the rapid dynamic restoration process of the two-stage Boost converter when the load suddenly changes.
Claims (1)
1. The MPC control method of the two-stage Boost converter suitable for the direct-current microgrid is characterized in that the two-stage Boost converter is formed by cascading two-stage Boost circuits; the control method comprises the following steps:
(1) for input voltage u in two-stage Boost converters(k) Input current is(k) Intermediate stage capacitor voltage u2(k) Later stage inductor current iL2(k) Output voltage udc(k) Output current idc(k) Carrying out real-time sampling, wherein k represents sampling time;
(2) calculating the duty ratio n of a circuit load R and a switching tube of a rear-stage Boost circuit in real time2And the duty ratio n of a preceding stage Boost circuit switching tube1：
R＝udc(k)/idc(k)
Wherein, C2A capacitor u at the outlet side of the post-stage Boost circuitdcrefRepresenting the exit voltage u at time kdcReference value of (1), TsDenotes the control period, L1For the preceding stage Boost circuit inductance, is_refRepresenting the input current i at time ksA reference value of (d);
wherein:
is_ref＝Pref/us(k)
us(k) inputting voltage at the time k; prefPower required to keep the outlet voltage stable:
Pref＝Pout+α·Po
alpha is a proportionality coefficient and takes the value of (1, 100);
is the intermediate stage capacitance voltage reference value; wherein, PoutPower required for the load, PoThe power needed to be provided for the circuit energy storage element; c1Is a preceding stage Boost converter capacitor, L2The inductor is a post-stage Boost circuit inductor;
(3) the calculated switching function n1，n2And the PWM wave modulation module modulates corresponding switching tube PWM wave switching signals according to the switching function to complete the control of the two-stage Boost converter.
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