CN111711163A - Direct current breaker and control method thereof - Google Patents
Direct current breaker and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111711163A CN111711163A CN202010609885.0A CN202010609885A CN111711163A CN 111711163 A CN111711163 A CN 111711163A CN 202010609885 A CN202010609885 A CN 202010609885A CN 111711163 A CN111711163 A CN 111711163A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
Abstract
The invention provides a direct current breaker and a control method thereof, wherein a trigger switch in a commutation branch of the direct current breaker is an electronic power switch, and two ends of partial devices in the commutation branch are connected with a voltage-limiting capacitor branch and a voltage polarity reversal branch in parallel; the voltage polarity inversion branch circuit is used for controlling the voltage polarity inversion on the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch circuit within a corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current cut-off; the voltage limiting capacitor branch is used for controlling the voltage amplitude on the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for carrying out current switching again within corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current switching on and off; therefore, the commutation capacitor is not charged by energy supply equipment with high power, and the rapid reclosing function of the direct-current circuit breaker can be realized by only one commutation branch circuit, so that the cost of the direct-current circuit breaker is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a direct current breaker and a control method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China and the continuous increase of power demand, the high-voltage direct-current technology is increasingly paid more attention by people as an advanced power transmission mode for improving transmission capacity and reducing energy consumption. At present, a plurality of high-voltage direct-current transmission projects are successfully built in China; a traditional two-terminal direct-current power transmission system is gradually developing to a multi-terminal direct-current power transmission system, and a multi-terminal flexible direct-current power transmission system with excellent economy and flexibility becomes a focus of attention; the immaturity and the shortage of the direct current circuit breaker are bottlenecks which restrict the development of the multi-terminal direct current transmission technology and the development of a direct current power distribution system in China.
In the existing reclosing scheme of the mechanical direct current circuit breaker, after primary current is switched off, the polarity of voltage on a capacitor is reversed, the amplitude of the voltage does not meet the requirement of secondary current switching off, and the power of energy supply equipment for charging the capacitor needs to be increased, so that the voltage on the capacitor can be charged to an initial voltage amplitude Uco from the voltage amplitude-Ucx on the capacitor after the primary current switching off within the time required by reclosing, usually less than 300 ms. Or, two parallel-connected commutation branches are adopted, each commutation branch performs one-time switching-on and switching-off operation, each commutation branch at least comprises a capacitor and a trigger switch, and each commutation branch can share one inductor or use one inductor respectively. In the two schemes, the power of the energy supply equipment is large, or at least two capacitors, the commutation switch and the energy supply equipment are adopted, and the cost of the direct current breaker can be greatly increased by the two capacitors and the commutation switch.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a dc circuit breaker and a control method thereof, which are used for reducing cost and on-state loss and are simple to control on the basis of implementing a reclosing function.
The invention discloses a direct current circuit breaker, wherein a trigger switch in a commutation branch is an electronic power switch, and two ends of partial devices in the commutation branch are connected with a voltage limiting capacitor branch and a voltage polarity reversing branch in parallel;
the voltage polarity reversing branch is used for controlling the voltage polarity reversing on the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch within corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current breaking;
and the voltage limiting capacitor branch is used for controlling the voltage amplitude on the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching on and off the current again in corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current switching on and off.
Optionally, the voltage limiting capacitor branch includes: the second lightning arrester, the first resistor and the third controllable switch are connected in series;
and the second lightning arrester is used for discharging when the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor is larger than the self discharge voltage, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching on and off the current again.
Optionally, the direction of the third controllable switch is: after the commutation capacitor is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch points to the direction of the negative pole or the opposite direction;
the second arrester, the first resistor and the third controllable switch are connected in series between two ends of the corresponding part of devices in the commutation branch in any one of the following sequences: the second lightning arrester, the first resistor and the third controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the second lightning arrester, the third controllable switch and the first resistor are sequentially connected in series; the first resistor, the second arrester and the third controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the first resistor, the third controllable switch and the second lightning arrester are sequentially connected in series; the third controllable switch, the first resistor and the second lightning arrester are sequentially connected in series; and the third controllable switch, the second arrester and the first resistor are sequentially connected in series.
Optionally, the voltage polarity inverting branch includes: a second controllable switch and a second inductor connected in series.
Optionally, the direction of the second controllable switch is: after the commutation capacitor is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch points to the direction of the negative pole;
the second controllable switch and the second inductor are connected in series between two ends of the corresponding part of devices in the commutation branch in the following sequence: the second controllable switch and the second inductor are sequentially connected in series; or, the second inductor and the second controllable switch are connected in series in sequence.
Optionally, the commutation branch comprises: the commutation capacitor, the first inductor and the first controllable switch are connected in series;
the first controllable switch is used as a trigger switch of the commutation branch;
the direction of the second controllable switch is: after the commutation capacitor is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch points to the direction of the negative pole;
the series connection sequence between the input end and the output end of the direct current breaker is any one of the following sequences: the commutation capacitor, the first inductor and the first controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the commutation capacitor, the first controllable switch and the first inductor are sequentially connected in series; the first inductor, the commutation capacitor and the first controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the first inductor, the first controllable switch and the commutation capacitor are sequentially connected in series; the first controllable switch, the first inductor and the commutation capacitor are sequentially connected in series; and the first controllable switch, the commutation capacitor and the first inductor are sequentially connected in series.
Optionally, the voltage-limiting capacitor branch is connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor;
the voltage polarity inverting branch is connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor, or the voltage polarity inverting branch is connected in parallel with a series branch of the commutation capacitor and the first inductor.
Optionally, the voltage limiting branch comprises: a first arrester;
the first lightning arrester is used for discharging when the voltage of the current conversion branch circuit is larger than the self discharge voltage, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the current conversion branch circuit to be the operation impact voltage peak value of the direct current breaker.
Optionally, the main current branch comprises: at least one fast mechanical switch;
each of the fast mechanical switches is connected in series.
Optionally, each controllable switch is: a fully-controlled switch or a semi-controlled switch.
The second aspect of the present invention discloses a control method for a dc circuit breaker, which is applied to the controller for a dc circuit breaker according to any one of the first aspect of the present invention; the control method of the direct current breaker comprises the following steps:
when each quick mechanical switch in a main through-current branch of the direct-current circuit breaker is switched on and the input current of the direct-current circuit breaker is detected to be in a preset abnormal state, a switching-off signal is sent to each quick mechanical switch, so that each quick mechanical switch starts to execute switching-off action;
when each quick mechanical switch is opened to a reliable opening distance, controlling the conduction of a current conversion branch circuit so as to enable each quick mechanical switch to complete the current breaking of the main through-current branch circuit;
sequentially controlling the voltage polarity reversing branch and the voltage limiting capacitor branch to be conducted so that the voltage amplitude and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch meet the requirement of switching on and off the current again;
and repeating the steps until the input current is not in a preset abnormal state.
Optionally, the preset abnormal state includes: the rate of rise is greater than the corresponding threshold.
Optionally, the controlling the conduction of the commutation branch to make each fast mechanical switch complete the current breaking of the main through-current branch includes:
sending a conducting pulse to a first controllable switch in the commutation branch so as to enable the first controllable switch to be conducted and start generating oscillation current;
when the oscillating current is equal to the input current, each fast mechanical switch completes the current disconnection of the main through-current branch, the input current is switched from flowing through the main through-current branch to flowing through the commutation branch, and the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch is charged by the input current.
Optionally, the successively controlling the voltage polarity inverting branch and the voltage limiting capacitor branch to be turned on so that the voltage amplitude and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch meet the requirement of switching on and off the current again includes:
sending a conduction pulse to a second controllable switch in the voltage polarity reversing branch circuit to enable the second controllable switch to be conducted and generate oscillation current; when the oscillation current is zero, the second controllable switch is turned off, and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor is reversed; after the inversion occurs, the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor meets the voltage polarity requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching off the current again;
and the number of the first and second groups,
and sending a conducting pulse to a third controllable switch in the voltage limiting capacitor branch to conduct the third controllable switch, triggering a second arrester in the voltage limiting capacitor branch to discharge by the voltage of the commutation capacitor, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching on and switching off the current again.
According to the technical scheme, the trigger switch in the commutation branch of the direct current circuit breaker is an electronic power switch, and the two ends of part of devices in the commutation branch are connected in parallel with a voltage-limiting capacitor branch and a voltage polarity reversal branch; the voltage polarity inversion branch circuit is used for controlling the voltage polarity inversion on a commutation capacitor in the commutation branch circuit within corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current cut-off; the voltage limiting capacitor branch is used for controlling the voltage amplitude on the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for carrying out current switching again within corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current switching on and off; therefore, the rapid reclosing function of the direct current circuit breaker can be realized, energy supply equipment with high power is not needed to charge the current conversion capacitor, two current conversion branches are not needed, and the cost of the direct current circuit breaker is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dc circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another dc circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another dc circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another dc circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another dc circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a voltage-current variation diagram of the dc circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is another voltage-current variation diagram of the dc circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is another voltage-current variation diagram of the dc circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is another voltage-current variation diagram of the dc circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is another voltage-current variation diagram of the dc circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a dc circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct current breaker, which is used for solving the problem that the cost of the direct current breaker is greatly increased due to the fact that the power of energy supply equipment in the prior art is high or at least two capacitors, a current conversion switch and the energy supply equipment are adopted.
The dc circuit breaker, see fig. 1, comprises: the converter comprises a main through-current branch 20, a voltage-limiting branch 10, a commutation branch 30, a voltage-limiting capacitance branch 40 and a voltage polarity reversal branch 50.
The main through-current branch 20, the voltage limiting branch 10 and the commutation branch 30 are connected in parallel and are arranged between the input end and the output end of the direct current breaker; that is, the input terminal of the main through-current branch 20, the input terminal of the voltage limiting branch 10 and the input terminal of the commutation branch 30 are respectively connected to the input terminal of the dc circuit breaker; the output end of the main through-current branch 20, the output end of the voltage limiting branch 10 and the input end of the commutation branch 30 are connected with the input end of the outgoing dc circuit breaker, respectively.
The main current branch 20 includes at least one fast mechanical switch CB (fig. 1 shows that 1 fast mechanical switch CB is taken as an example), and the fast mechanical switches CB are connected in series, and the main current branch 20 is configured to transmit an input current to an output end of the dc circuit breaker through the main current branch when the input current of the dc circuit breaker is not in a preset abnormal state; when the input current of the direct current breaker is in a preset abnormal state, the input current is prohibited from being transmitted to the output end of the direct current breaker through the direct current breaker; that is, when the input current is not in a preset abnormal state, each fast mechanical switch CB is switched on; when the input current is in a preset abnormal state, at least one fast mechanical switch CB is opened.
The voltage limiting branch 10 is used for limiting the voltage of the commutation branch 30. Specifically, when the voltage of the commutation branch 30 is high, discharging is performed, and the voltage of the commutation branch 30 is kept at a corresponding value; since the commutation branch 30 is arranged between the input and the output of the dc breaker, the voltage limiting branch 10 can also be understood as limiting the voltage of the dc breaker.
In practical applications, the voltage limiting branch 10 includes: a first arrester MOV; the first arrester MOV is configured to discharge when the voltage of the commutation branch 30 is greater than the self discharge voltage, and limit the voltage amplitude of the commutation branch 30 to a corresponding value of the dc breaker, such as an operation surge voltage peak of the dc breaker, that is, the residual voltage of the first arrester MOV is the operation surge voltage peak. The first arrester MOV may be a metal oxide arrester, which is not specifically limited herein and is within the scope of the present application.
The commutation branch 30 includes: a commutation capacitor C, a first inductor L1 and a first controllable switch T; the first controllable switch T is a trigger switch of the commutation branch 30, and the first controllable switch T is an electronic power switch. It should be noted that the series connection sequence of the commutation capacitor C, the first inductor L1 and the first controllable switch T from the input end to the output end of the dc circuit breaker is arbitrary, that is, the sequence is not limited. Specifically, the series connection sequence of the commutation capacitor C, the first inductor L1 and the first controllable switch T from the input end to the output end of the dc circuit breaker is any one of the following sequences: the commutation capacitor C, the first inductor L1 and the first controllable switch T are sequentially connected in series; the commutation capacitor C, the first controllable switch T and the first inductor L1 are sequentially connected in series; the first inductor L1, the commutation capacitor C and the first controllable switch T are sequentially connected in series; the first inductor L1, the first controllable switch T and the commutation capacitor C are sequentially connected in series; the first controllable switch T, the first inductor L1 and the commutation capacitor C are sequentially connected in series; and the first controllable switch T, the commutation capacitor C and the first inductor L1 are sequentially connected in series. The series sequence of the commutating capacitor C, the first inductor L1 and the first controllable switch T is not specifically limited, and is within the scope of the present application.
The first controllable switch T may be a fully controllable switch; or a semi-controlled switch such as a thyristor.
It should be noted that, the above-mentioned respective sequences may be all the same in that the first device is close to the input end of the dc breaker, and the third device is close to the output end of the dc breaker. Taking the commutation capacitor C, the first inductor L1 and the first controllable switch T sequentially connected in series as an example, that is, one end of the commutation capacitor C is used as the input end of the commutation branch 30 and connected to the input end of the dc circuit breaker, the other end of the commutation capacitor C is connected to one end of the first inductor L1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the input end of the first controllable switch T, and the output end of the first controllable switch T is used as the output end of the commutation branch 30. It should be noted that no matter where the first controllable switch T is located in the commutation branch 30, the direction of the first controllable switch T is: after the commutation capacitor C is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 points to the direction of the negative pole; that is, the connection relationship of the first controllable switch T is: the input end of the first thyristor is close to the input end of the commutation branch 30, and the output end of the first thyristor is far from the input end of the commutation branch 30, for example, when the first controllable switch T is a thyristor, the anode of the first thyristor is close to the input end of the commutation branch 30, that is, the anode of the first thyristor is connected to the input end of the commutation branch 30 directly or through other devices; the cathode of the first thyristor is far from the input end of the commutation branch 30, i.e. close to the output end of the commutation branch 30, and the cathode of the first thyristor is connected to the output end of the commutation branch 30 directly or through other devices.
The voltage-limiting capacitance branch 40 and the voltage polarity reversing branch 50 are respectively connected in parallel with part of devices in the commutation branch 30. Specifically, the voltage limiting capacitor branch 40 and the voltage polarity inverting branch 50 are connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor C in the commutation branch 30, and the voltage polarity inverting branch 50 is connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor C in the commutation branch 30 (as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3); alternatively, the voltage-limiting capacitor branch 40 is connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor C, and the voltage polarity inverting branch 50 is connected in parallel with the series branch of the commutation capacitor C and the first inductor L1 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4).
It should be noted that after the dc circuit breaker successfully implements the primary current breaking, the voltage polarity of the voltage on the commutation capacitor C is already reversed, and in order to make the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor C meet the voltage polarity requirement of the commutation capacitor for current breaking, a voltage polarity reversal branch 50 is required to be provided; the voltage polarity inversion branch 50 is configured to control the voltage polarity inversion on the commutation capacitor C in the commutation branch 30 within a corresponding preset time that is less than a specified reclosing time after the dc circuit breaker successfully achieves a current interruption, where the voltage polarity on the commutation capacitor C after the inversion meets a voltage polarity value requirement of the commutation capacitor for current interruption.
In practical applications, the voltage polarity reversing branch 50 includes: a second controllable switch T1 and a second inductor L1 connected in series. The second inductor L1 limits the current amplitude of the loop when the voltage polarity is reversed, and effectively reduces the current stress borne by loop components.
It should be noted that the series sequence between the positive pole and the negative pole of the commutation capacitor C or between the positive pole and the negative pole of the series branch of the commutation capacitor C and the first inductor L of the second controllable switch T1 and the second inductor L1 is arbitrary, that is, the order is not limited. Specifically, one end of the second controllable switch T1 is connected to one end of the second inductor L1, the other end of the second controllable switch T1 is connected to the input end of the voltage polarity reversal branch 50, and the other end of the second inductor L1 is connected to the output end of the voltage polarity reversal branch 50; alternatively, the other end of the second controllable switch T1 is connected to the output end of the voltage polarity reversing branch 50, and the other end of the second inductor L1 is connected to the input end of the voltage polarity reversing branch 50. The series sequence of the second controllable switch T1 and the second inductor L1 is not specifically limited, and is within the scope of the present application.
The second controllable switch T1 may be a fully controlled switch; or a semi-controlled switch such as a thyristor. It should be noted that, no matter where the second controllable switch T1 is located in the voltage polarity reversing branch 50, the connection relationship of the second controllable switch T1 is: its input is close to dc circuit breaker's input, and its output is kept away from dc circuit breaker's input, and that is, second controllable switch T1's direction is: after the commutation capacitor C is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch 40 points to the negative pole. If the second controllable switch T1 is a thyristor, the anode of the second thyristor is close to the input end of the dc circuit breaker, that is, the anode of the thyristor is connected to the input end of the dc circuit breaker directly or through other devices on the voltage polarity inverting branch 50 and/or the commutation branch 30; the cathode of the thyristor is far from the input of the dc breaker, i.e. close to the output of the dc breaker, and the cathode of the thyristor is connected to the output of the dc breaker directly or through other devices on the voltage polarity reversal branch 50 and/or the commutation branch 30.
It should be noted that after the dc circuit breaker successfully implements the primary current breaking, the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor C has changed, and in order to enable the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor C to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for current breaking, a voltage-limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 needs to be provided; the voltage-limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 is configured to control the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor C to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for current switching again within a corresponding preset time, where the corresponding preset time is less than the specified reclosing time after the dc circuit breaker successfully achieves the primary current switching.
In practical applications, the voltage-limiting capacitor branch 40 includes: a second arrester MOV1, a first resistor R1 and a third controllable switch T2 connected in series. The second arrester MOV1 may be a metal oxide arrester and is not specifically limited herein. The existence of the first resistor R1 limits the current amplitude of the loop when the second arrester MOV1 acts, and effectively reduces the current stress borne by the loop components.
The residual voltage of the second arrester MOV1 is the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor which is used for current breaking again, the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor is smaller than the operation impact voltage peak value of the direct current breaker, namely the residual voltage of the second arrester MOV1 is smaller than the residual voltage of the first arrester MOV; the second arrester MOV1 is used for discharging when the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor C is greater than the self discharge voltage, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor C to meet the commutation capacitor voltage amplitude requirement for current breaking again.
Specifically, the series connection sequence of the second arrester MOV1, the first resistor R1 and the third controllable switch T2 between the positive pole and the negative pole of the commutation capacitor C is any one of the following sequences: the second arrester MOV1, the first resistor R1 and the third controllable switch T2 are sequentially connected in series; the second arrester MOV1, the third controllable switch T2 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series in sequence; the first resistor R1, the second arrester MOV1 and the third controllable switch T2 are sequentially connected in series; the first resistor R1, the third controllable switch T2 and the second arrester MOV1 are connected in series in sequence; the third controllable switch T2, the first resistor R1 and the second arrester MOV1 are connected in series in sequence; and the third controllable switch T2, the second arrester MOV1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in series in sequence.
The third controllable switch T2 may be a fully controlled switch; or a semi-controlled switch such as a thyristor.
It should be noted that, the above-mentioned respective sequences may be all that the first device is close to the input end of the dc breaker, and the third device is close to the output end of the dc breaker, and vice versa. It should be noted that, no matter where the third controllable switch T2 is located in the voltage-limiting capacitance branch 40, the connection relationship of the third controllable switch T2 can be: its input is close to dc breaker's input, and its output is far away from dc breaker's input, and that is, third controllable switch T2's direction is: after the commutation capacitor C is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 points to the direction of the negative pole; the connection relationship of the third controllable switch T2 may also be: its input is close to dc circuit breaker's output, and its output is kept away from dc circuit breaker's output, and promptly, third controllable switch T2's direction is: after the commutation capacitor C is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch 40 points to the opposite direction of the negative pole.
If the third controllable switch T2 is a thyristor, the connection relationship of the third thyristor may be: the anode of the thyristor is close to the input end of the direct current breaker, namely the anode of the thyristor is connected with the input end of the direct current breaker directly or through other devices on the voltage limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 and/or the commutation branch circuit 30; the cathode of which is far from the input of the dc breaker, i.e. close to the output of the dc breaker, and the cathode of which is connected to the output of the dc breaker directly or through other devices on the voltage limiting capacitor branch 40 and/or the commutation branch 30 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4). The connection relationship of the third thyristor may also be: the anode of the thyristor is close to the output end of the direct current breaker, namely the anode of the thyristor is directly connected with the output end of the direct current breaker or connected with the output end of the direct current breaker through other devices on the voltage limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 and/or the commutation branch circuit 30; the cathode of which is far from the output of the dc breaker, i.e. close to the input of the dc breaker, and the cathode of the thyristor is connected to the input of the dc breaker directly or through a voltage limiting capacitor branch 40 and/or other devices on the commutation branch 30 (as shown in fig. 1 and 2).
It should be noted that, when the voltage polarity inverting branch 50 is connected in parallel with the converting capacitor C and the second inductor L1 in the converting branch 30, that is, the structure of the dc circuit breaker is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the inductance value of the second inductor L1 is greater than the inductance value of the first inductor L1; when the structure of the dc circuit breaker is other structures, that is, the structure of the dc circuit breaker is as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the inductance value of the second inductor L1 is not required to be larger than the inductance value of the first inductor L1; that is, the inductance value of the second inductor L1 may be greater than the inductance value of the first inductor L1; the inductance of the first inductor L1 may be less than or equal to, and is not particularly limited herein, and is within the scope of the present application. According to the current and voltage requirements, the first controllable switch T, the second controllable switch T1 and the third controllable switch T2 are connected in series and parallel to achieve the current and voltage resistance.
The reclosing of the direct-current circuit breaker can be completed within the time required by the system for reclosing through the parameter setting of corresponding devices in the direct-current circuit breaker.
In this embodiment, after the dc circuit breaker successfully implements the primary current breaking, the voltage polarity inverting branch 50 controls the voltage polarity inversion on the commutation capacitor C in the commutation branch 30; after the direct current breaker successfully realizes the primary current breaking, the voltage limiting capacitor branch circuit 40 controls the voltage amplitude on the commutation capacitor C to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for carrying out the current breaking again within the preset time; therefore, the rapid reclosing function of the direct current circuit breaker is realized, energy supply equipment with high power is not needed to charge the commutation capacitor C, two commutation branches 30 are not needed, and the cost of the direct current circuit breaker is reduced. In addition, compared with a conventional mechanical direct current circuit breaker with a quick reclosing function, the current and voltage stress of components and parts can be greatly reduced, and the equipment cost is reduced.
It should be noted that, in the existing reclosing scheme of the hybrid dc circuit breaker, the reclosing operation can be realized by performing corresponding time sequence control on the remaining dc current switch, the ultrafast disconnecting switch, the load commutation switch and the main circuit breaker. However, in this scheme, a large number of fully-controlled power electronic devices such as IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors) are used, and in the application occasions of high voltage, large current and the like, more power electronic devices need to be connected in series and parallel, which results in complex control and very high cost. In addition, the power electronics contained in the main pass branch of the hybrid dc circuit breaker increases the on-state losses.
In the embodiment, the main through-current branch 20 adopts the fast mechanical switch CB, which avoids using more power electronic devices, and achieves low cost and low on-state transient consumption compared to the hybrid dc circuit breaker with the fast reclosing function.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for controlling a dc circuit breaker, where the dc circuit breaker is the dc circuit breaker provided in any of the embodiments, and details of a specific structure of the dc circuit breaker are described in the embodiments, and are not described again.
The control method of the dc circuit breaker, referring to fig. 11, includes:
s101, when all the quick mechanical switches in a main through-current branch of the direct-current circuit breaker are switched on and the input current of the direct-current circuit breaker is detected to be in a preset abnormal state, a switching-off signal is sent to all the quick mechanical switches, so that all the quick mechanical switches start to execute switching-off actions.
In practical applications, the preset abnormal state includes: the rising speed is greater than the corresponding threshold, i.e. the input current rises rapidly. When a short-circuit fault occurs in a system where the direct-current circuit breaker is located, the system current rapidly rises, so that the input current of the direct-current circuit breaker rapidly rises.
When each fast mechanical switch in a main through-flow branch of the dc circuit breaker is unevenly switched on, a switching-on signal is sent to each fast mechanical switch, so that the fast mechanical switch starts to perform a switching-on action, and an input current sequentially flows through each fast mechanical switch; or when the input current of the direct current breaker is not detected to be in a preset abnormal state, maintaining each quick mechanical switch to be in a closing state, so that the input current sequentially flows through each quick mechanical switch.
And S102, when all the quick mechanical switches are switched off to a reliable opening distance, controlling the current conversion branch circuit to be conducted so that all the quick mechanical switches complete the current breaking of the main through-current branch circuit.
In practical application, the specific process of controlling the conduction of the commutation branch in step S102 to complete the opening of the fast mechanical switch includes: sending a conducting pulse to a first controllable switch in the current conversion branch circuit to enable the first controllable switch to be conducted and start generating oscillation current; when the oscillating current is equal to the input current, each quick mechanical switch finishes the disconnection of the current of the main through-flow branch, the input current is switched from flowing through the main through-flow branch to flowing through the commutation branch, and the input current charges the commutation capacitor of the commutation branch.
S103, the voltage polarity reversing branch and the voltage limiting capacitor branch are controlled to be conducted in sequence, so that the voltage amplitude and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch meet the requirement of current disconnection again.
The specific process of step S103 can be divided into: controlling the voltage polarity inversion branch circuit to be conducted so that the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor meets the voltage polarity requirement for switching on and off the current again; and controlling the voltage limiting capacitor branch circuit to be conducted so that the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor meets the voltage amplitude requirement of carrying out current disconnection again. The voltage polarity reversal branch circuit can be controlled to be conducted firstly, and then the voltage limiting capacitor branch circuit is controlled to be conducted; or the voltage-limiting capacitance branch is controlled to be conducted first, and then the voltage polarity reversing branch is controlled to be conducted; the method is not particularly limited, and is within the scope of the present application, as the case may be.
The specific process of controlling the voltage polarity reversal branch circuit to be conducted so as to enable the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage polarity requirement for carrying out current disconnection again comprises the following steps: sending a conducting pulse to a second controllable switch in the voltage polarity reversing branch circuit to enable the second controllable switch to be conducted to generate oscillation current; when the oscillation current is zero, the second controllable switch is turned off, and the voltage polarity of the capacitor is reversed; and the voltage polarity of the capacitor after the inversion meets the voltage polarity requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching off the current again.
The specific process of controlling the voltage limiting capacitor branch circuit to be conducted so as to enable the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of carrying out current disconnection again comprises the following steps: and sending a conducting pulse to a third controllable switch in the voltage-limiting capacitor branch to enable the third controllable switch to be conducted, triggering a second arrester in the voltage-limiting capacitor branch to discharge by the voltage of the commutation capacitor, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for carrying out current breaking again.
The above steps S101, S102 and S103 are repeated until the input current is not in the preset abnormal state.
The structure of the dc circuit breaker shown in fig. 1 is combined with the voltage-current variation diagrams shown in fig. 5-9 to describe the operation of each device in the dc circuit breaker under the control of the controller of the dc circuit breaker, as follows:
(1) in normal operation, that is, when the current of the dc circuit breaker is not in a preset abnormal state, the controller controls/maintains the closing of each fast mechanical switch CB in the main through-current branch 20, the converter capacitor C is precharged with an initial voltage-Uc 0, and the input current is flows through the main through-current branch 20; at this time, the first controllable switch T, the second controllable switch T1 and the third controllable switch T2 are all in an off state.
(2) As shown in stage I of fig. 5, at time t0, a system short-circuit fault occurs in which the dc breaker is located, and the input current is rapidly increases.
As shown in fig. 6, at time t 1: under the control of the controller, each fast mechanical switch CB starts to open.
As shown in fig. 6, at time t 11: each fast mechanical switch CB is switched off to a reliable opening distance, and at the moment, the controller sends a conducting pulse to the first controllable switch T; when the first controllable switch T is turned on, the commutation capacitor C and the first inductor L form a loop with each fast mechanical switch CB through the first controllable switch T, and an oscillating current ic is generated and superimposed with the input current is, so that the current im flowing through the main current branch 20 is-ic.
As shown in fig. 6, time t 12: the time period between the time T11 and the time T12 is very short, for example, less than 0.1ms, the current im flowing through the main current branch 20 crosses zero, that is, im is equal to 0, the current im of the main current branch 20 is switched off by each fast mechanical switch CB, the input current is transferred to the commutation branch 30, the input current is starts to charge the commutation capacitor C, and the voltages of the commutation capacitor C, the first inductor L and the first controllable switch T form the voltage of the first arrester MOV.
As shown in fig. 6, at time t 13: when the voltage of the first arrester MOV reaches the discharge voltage, the input current is transferred to the voltage limiting branch circuit, the first arrester MOV starts to discharge, the short-circuit energy of a system where the direct-current breaker is located is dissipated, and the voltage at two ends of the first arrester MOV is limited to the residual voltage of the first arrester MOV, namely the operation impact voltage peak value Us; in the process that the current is transferred from the commutation branch 30 to the voltage limiting branch 10, the current ic of the commutation branch 30 rapidly crosses zero in a high-frequency oscillation manner, the voltage of the commutation capacitor C is increased from Up to Uc1, at this time, the first controllable switch T is automatically turned off, and the voltage of the commutation capacitor C is kept at Uc 1.
As shown in fig. 6, at time t 14: the input current is reduced to zero, and the first current cut-off is completed.
(3) Phase II as shown in fig. 5, at time t 2: the controller sends a conduction pulse to the second controllable switch t 1; the second controllable switch T1 is turned on, at this time, the commutation capacitor C and the second inductor L1 form an oscillating circuit, and after the oscillating current ic crosses zero for the first time, that is, at the time T21 shown in fig. 7, the second controllable switch T1 is automatically turned off, the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor C is inverted, and the voltage of the commutation capacitor C is maintained at-Uc.
(4) As shown in stage III of fig. 5, at time T3, the controller sends a conducting pulse to the third controllable switch T2, at this time, the voltage across the second arrester MOV1 is greater than the discharging voltage thereof, the second arrester MOV1 discharges and limits and maintains the voltage of the commutation capacitor C at Uco, the third controllable switch T2 automatically turns off when the current flowing through itself reaches zero, that is, at time T31 shown in fig. 8, at this time, the commutation branch 30 reaches an initial state with a switching-off operation, that is, the commutation capacitor C meets the requirement of current breaking again.
(5) And controlling the switch-on of each quick mechanical CB switch.
It should be noted that, as shown in stage IV of fig. 5, at the time t, i.e. t4, after the first opening is completed, the contacts of the fast mechanical switch CB are electrically contacted. If the short-circuit fault is cleared, namely the input current is not in a preset abnormal state any more, each fast mechanical switch CB keeps the switching-on state to operate; if the short-circuit fault still exists, namely the input current is rapidly increased again, repeating the steps (1) to (4) to complete the second or even more switching-off operations, such as the moments t5-t54 shown in fig. 9, and realizing the function of rapid reclosing until the short-circuit fault is cleared, namely the input current is no longer in the preset abnormal state.
It should be noted that, when the structure of the dc circuit breaker is other structures, under the control of the controller of the dc circuit breaker, the working process of each device in the dc short-circuiting device is similar to the above description, and is not described herein again. But the difference is that the process is executed firstly (3) and then (4), namely, the voltage polarity reversal branch is controlled to be conducted firstly, and then the voltage limiting capacitor branch is controlled to be conducted; however, when the structure of the dc circuit breaker is the structure shown in fig. 3 and 4, the step (4) should be executed first, and then the step (3) should be executed, that is, the voltage-limiting capacitor branch is controlled to be conducted first, and then the voltage polarity inverting branch is controlled to be conducted.
Specifically, when the voltage-limiting capacitor branch is controlled to be turned on, the working process of each device is as follows: as shown in fig. 10, in phase II, at time T2, the controller sends a conducting pulse to the third controllable switch, the voltage of the second arrester MOV1 is greater than its discharge voltage, the second arrester MOV1 discharges and limits and maintains the voltage of the commutation capacitor C at-Uco, and the third controllable switch T2 automatically turns off when the current flowing through itself reaches zero.
And then controlling the voltage polarity reversal branch circuit to be conducted, wherein the working process of each device is as follows: as shown in stage III of fig. 11, at time T3, the controller sends an on pulse to the second controllable switch T1; the second controllable switch T1 is turned on, the commutation capacitor C and the second inductor L1 form an oscillating circuit, after the oscillating current ic crosses zero for the first time, the second controllable switch T2 is turned off automatically, the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor C is reversed, the voltage of the commutation capacitor C is kept at Uc0, and the commutation branch 30 reaches an initial state with a switching-off operation, that is, the commutation capacitor 30 meets the requirement of current switching-off again.
In addition, i shown in FIGS. 1 to 4MOVThe current flowing through the voltage limiting branch 10 and the it are the current flowing from the commutation branch 30 to the main through-current branch 20; is and I in FIGS. 5-10MOVIm and Ic are is and i respectivelyMOVIm and ic correspond; in addition, Uc and Uc0 in fig. 1-4, and Uc in fig. 5-10, all commutate the voltage of the capacitor C.
In this embodiment, switch on through the corresponding branch road of control, can realize direct current breaker's reclosing function to the control of this application is simple, convenient to popularize and use.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, and in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Features described in the embodiments in the present specification may be replaced with or combined with each other, and the same and similar portions among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment is described with emphasis on differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are merely illustrative, wherein units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (14)
1. A direct current breaker is characterized in that a trigger switch in a commutation branch is an electronic power switch, and two ends of partial devices in the commutation branch are connected with a voltage limiting capacitor branch and a voltage polarity reversing branch in parallel;
the voltage polarity reversing branch is used for controlling the voltage polarity reversing on the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch within corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current breaking;
and the voltage limiting capacitor branch is used for controlling the voltage amplitude on the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching on and off the current again in corresponding preset time after the direct current breaker successfully realizes primary current switching on and off.
2. The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that said voltage limiting capacitive branch comprises: the second lightning arrester, the first resistor and the third controllable switch are connected in series;
and the second lightning arrester is used for discharging when the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor is larger than the self discharge voltage, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching on and off the current again.
3. The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the direction of the third controllable switch is: after the commutation capacitor is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch points to the direction of the negative pole or the opposite direction;
the second arrester, the first resistor and the third controllable switch are connected in series between two ends of the corresponding part of devices in the commutation branch in any one of the following sequences: the second lightning arrester, the first resistor and the third controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the second lightning arrester, the third controllable switch and the first resistor are sequentially connected in series; the first resistor, the second arrester and the third controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the first resistor, the third controllable switch and the second lightning arrester are sequentially connected in series; the third controllable switch, the first resistor and the second lightning arrester are sequentially connected in series; and the third controllable switch, the second arrester and the first resistor are sequentially connected in series.
4. The dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein said voltage polarity reversal branch comprises: a second controllable switch and a second inductor connected in series.
5. The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that the direction of the second controllable switch is: after the commutation capacitor is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch points to the direction of the negative pole;
the second controllable switch and the second inductor are connected in series between two ends of the corresponding part of devices in the commutation branch in the following sequence: the second controllable switch and the second inductor are sequentially connected in series; or, the second inductor and the second controllable switch are connected in series in sequence.
6. The direct current circuit breaker according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the commutation branch comprises: the commutation capacitor, the first inductor and the first controllable switch are connected in series;
the first controllable switch is used as a trigger switch of the commutation branch;
the direction of the first controllable switch is: after the commutation capacitor is charged for the first time, the positive pole of the voltage applied to the voltage-limiting capacitor branch points to the direction of the negative pole;
the series connection sequence between the input end and the output end of the direct current breaker is any one of the following sequences: the commutation capacitor, the first inductor and the first controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the commutation capacitor, the first controllable switch and the first inductor are sequentially connected in series; the first inductor, the commutation capacitor and the first controllable switch are sequentially connected in series; the first inductor, the first controllable switch and the commutation capacitor are sequentially connected in series; the first controllable switch, the first inductor and the commutation capacitor are sequentially connected in series; and the first controllable switch, the commutation capacitor and the first inductor are sequentially connected in series.
7. The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that said voltage limiting capacitance branch is connected in parallel with said commutation capacitance;
the voltage polarity inverting branch is connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor, or the voltage polarity inverting branch is connected in parallel with a series branch of the commutation capacitor and the first inductor.
8. The direct current circuit breaker according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that its voltage limiting branch comprises: a first arrester;
the first lightning arrester is used for discharging when the voltage of the current conversion branch circuit is larger than the self discharge voltage, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the current conversion branch circuit to be the operation impact voltage peak value of the direct current breaker.
9. The dc circuit breaker according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the main current branch comprises: at least one fast mechanical switch;
each of the fast mechanical switches is connected in series.
10. The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that each controllable switch is respectively: a fully-controlled switch or a semi-controlled switch.
11. A control method of a dc circuit breaker, characterized by being applied to a controller of a dc circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 10; the control method of the direct current breaker comprises the following steps:
when each quick mechanical switch in a main through-current branch of the direct-current circuit breaker is switched on and the input current of the direct-current circuit breaker is detected to be in a preset abnormal state, a switching-off signal is sent to each quick mechanical switch, so that each quick mechanical switch starts to execute switching-off action;
when each quick mechanical switch is opened to a reliable opening distance, controlling the conduction of a current conversion branch circuit so as to enable each quick mechanical switch to complete the current breaking of the main through-current branch circuit;
sequentially controlling the voltage polarity reversing branch and the voltage limiting capacitor branch to be conducted so that the voltage amplitude and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch meet the requirement of switching on and off the current again;
and repeating the steps until the input current is not in a preset abnormal state.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the preset abnormal state comprises: the rate of rise is greater than the corresponding threshold.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the controlling the commutation branch to conduct to complete the current breaking of the main current branch by each fast mechanical switch comprises:
sending a conducting pulse to a first controllable switch in the commutation branch so as to enable the first controllable switch to be conducted and start generating oscillation current;
when the oscillating current is equal to the input current, each fast mechanical switch completes the current disconnection of the main through-current branch, the input current is switched from flowing through the main through-current branch to flowing through the commutation branch, and the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch is charged by the input current.
14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the controlling the voltage polarity inverting branch and the voltage-limiting capacitor branch to be turned on sequentially so that the voltage amplitude and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor in the commutation branch meet the requirement of current re-switching, comprises:
sending a conduction pulse to a second controllable switch in the voltage polarity reversing branch circuit to enable the second controllable switch to be conducted and generate oscillation current; when the oscillation current is zero, the second controllable switch is turned off, and the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor is reversed; after the inversion occurs, the voltage polarity of the commutation capacitor meets the voltage polarity requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching off the current again;
and the number of the first and second groups,
and sending a conducting pulse to a third controllable switch in the voltage limiting capacitor branch to conduct the third controllable switch, triggering a second arrester in the voltage limiting capacitor branch to discharge by the voltage of the commutation capacitor, and limiting the voltage amplitude of the commutation capacitor to meet the voltage amplitude requirement of the commutation capacitor for switching on and switching off the current again.
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