CN111710979A - Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna - Google Patents
Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111710979A CN111710979A CN202010580022.5A CN202010580022A CN111710979A CN 111710979 A CN111710979 A CN 111710979A CN 202010580022 A CN202010580022 A CN 202010580022A CN 111710979 A CN111710979 A CN 111710979A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna, wherein a main radiation unit of the antenna is a cylindrical dielectric resonator, and compared with a metal material, the antenna is lower in ohmic loss and higher in efficiency. The medium circular ring surrounding structure enables the electromagnetic waves to form standing waves, the standing waves are limited in the ring as much as possible, and energy is concentrated. A groove is formed in the surface of the cylindrical medium, so that surface current is cut off, and a part of gain is improved; the equiangular spiral slot antenna realizes efficient coupling feeding to the dielectric resonator through equiangular spiral slots, the conventional slot antenna adopts a regular linear slot structure for feeding, the equiangular spiral slot antenna is a typical broadband antenna, and the equiangular spiral slot structure is applied to the feeding structure, so that the effect of improving the bandwidth of the antenna is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna.
Background
Terrestrial wireless communication systems have largely limited their operation in the relatively small range of microwave frequencies, typically from several hundred MHz to several GHz. The frequency spectrum is a scarce resource, and with the arrival of the 5G era and the application of various wireless devices and broadband radio services, people have more and more demand on the frequency spectrum. The higher the frequency band, the wider the available spectrum range and the greater the information capacity. The millimeter wave has the characteristics of high bandwidth, high precision, strong anti-jamming capability and the like, can fully meet the requirements of a fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) on a high-data-rate and low-delay system, and has great significance in the aspects of radar, guidance, remote sensing technology, radio astronomy, clinical medicine, spectroscopy and the like.
In the millimeter wave band, the ohmic loss of the conventional metal antenna is high, resulting in low radiation efficiency. Minimization of ohmic losses at millimeter wave frequencies is an important design goal and must be addressed to improve overall system performance. Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRA), a new type of Antenna, were first proposed in 1983 by Stuart a. long and have received much attention because of their desirable radiation characteristics. The dielectric resonator antenna radiates through the entire resonator surface, and has a high radiation efficiency and a wide impedance bandwidth (about 10% of dielectric constant) because there is no conductor and surface wave loss and the dielectric loss itself is small. Meanwhile, the dielectric resonator antenna has the characteristics of small size and low cost, is easy to integrate with a planar circuit, and has various feeding modes, such as microstrip lines, coaxial lines, slot excitation, coplanar waveguides (CPWs) and uniform conformal band excitation. At millimeter wave frequencies, electromagnetic radiation suffers from significant path loss, and high gain antennas need to be designed to compensate for this undesirable effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna which is used for solving the problem that the efficiency is too low due to too large ohmic loss in a high-frequency band and is suitable for a 5G millimeter wave band. The section of the whole antenna is only 2.5mm, so that the characteristics of light weight, low section and easy integration of the microstrip antenna are kept, the defects of low gain and narrow bandwidth are overcome, and the microstrip antenna has a good application prospect in a wireless communication system.
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the invention provides a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna which comprises a dielectric substrate, a rectangular metal conductive band, a metal sheet, a spiral gap, a cylindrical dielectric resonator, a dielectric ring and a cylindrical groove, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a rectangular metal conductive band;
the rectangular metal conductive belt is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, a metal sheet with a spiral gap carved in the center is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the cylindrical dielectric resonator is attached to the center of the spiral gap, a cylindrical groove is formed in the center of the top of the cylindrical dielectric resonator, a layer of dielectric ring is added on the metal sheet, and the cylindrical dielectric ring surrounds the cylindrical dielectric in the center of the dielectric ring.
In one embodiment, the primary source of radiation is located within a cylindrical dielectric resonator, and the secondary source of excitation is trapped within a dielectric toroid; the dimensions of the cylindrical dielectric resonator determine the resonant frequency and the mode excited in the cavity, and as radiated, the wave impinges on the dielectric toroid and becomes trapped in the dielectric toroid as a standing wave, in which case the ring field distribution depends on the wavefront of the shockwave from the cylindrical dielectric resonator; the electric field vector is concentrated at the cylindrical medium and radiates outwards in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, after the electric field radiated in the horizontal direction contacts the medium circular ring, a small part of the electric field flows up and down in the vertical direction along the inner surface of the medium circular ring, the other part of the electric field is reflected back to be superposed with the electric field vector on the cylindrical medium to generate radiation, and the vertical direction is controlled by the width of a quarter wavelength to minimize the wave from propagating outside the medium circular ring.
In one embodiment, the spiral slit is a planar equiangular spiral slit.
In one embodiment, the coupling ends of the rectangular metal conductive strips are in a hexagonal structure.
The main radiating unit of the antenna of the Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is the cylindrical dielectric resonator 5, and compared with a metal material, the antenna has the advantages of lower ohmic loss and higher efficiency. The surrounding structure of the medium circular ring 6 enables the electromagnetic wave to form standing wave, the standing wave is limited in the circular ring as much as possible, and energy is concentrated. A groove is formed in the surface of the cylindrical medium, so that surface current is cut off, and a part of gain is improved; the equiangular spiral slot antenna realizes efficient coupling feeding to the dielectric resonator through equiangular spiral slots, the conventional slot antenna adopts a regular linear slot structure for feeding, the equiangular spiral slot antenna is a typical broadband antenna, and the equiangular spiral slot structure is applied to the feeding structure, so that the effect of improving the bandwidth of the antenna is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain circular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of an embodiment of a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain toroidal cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna;
FIG. 3 is a graph of antenna S11 for one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a pattern for an embodiment with an antenna frequency of 32 GHz;
fig. 5 is a graph of gain of a line at multiple frequency points within a bandwidth in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure of a Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator according to an embodiment, and includes a dielectric substrate 1, a rectangular metal conductive strip 2, a metal sheet 3, a spiral slot 4, a cylindrical dielectric resonator 5, a dielectric ring 6, and a cylindrical groove 7;
the rectangular metal conductive belt 2 is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a metal sheet 3 with a spiral gap 4 engraved in the center is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the cylindrical dielectric resonator 5 is attached to the center of the spiral gap 4, a cylindrical groove 7 is arranged in the center of the top of the cylindrical dielectric resonator 5, a layer of dielectric ring 6 is added to the metal sheet 3, and the cylindrical dielectric ring 6 surrounds the cylindrical dielectric in the center of the dielectric ring.
In one embodiment, the primary source of radiation is located within a cylindrical dielectric resonator 5, and the secondary source of excitation is trapped within a dielectric ring 6; the dimensions of the cylindrical dielectric resonator 5 determine the resonant frequency and the mode excited in the cavity, and as radiated, the wave impinges on the dielectric annulus 6 and becomes trapped in the dielectric annulus 6 as a standing wave, in which case the ring field distribution depends on the wavefront of the shockwave from the cylindrical dielectric resonator 5; the electric field vector concentrates on the cylindrical medium and radiates outwards in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, after the electric field radiated in the horizontal direction contacts the medium circular ring 6, a small part of the electric field flows up and down in the vertical direction along the inner surface of the medium circular ring 6, the other part of the electric field is reflected back to be superposed with the electric field vector on the cylindrical medium to generate radiation, and the vertical direction is controlled by the width of a quarter wavelength to minimize the wave from propagating outside the medium circular ring 6.
The main radiating unit of the antenna of the Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is the cylindrical dielectric resonator 5, and compared with a metal material, the antenna has the advantages of lower ohmic loss and higher efficiency. The surrounding structure of the medium circular ring 6 enables the electromagnetic wave to form standing wave, the standing wave is limited in the circular ring as much as possible, and energy is concentrated. A groove is formed in the surface of the cylindrical medium, so that surface current is cut off, and a part of gain is improved; the equiangular spiral slot antenna realizes efficient coupling feeding to the dielectric resonator through equiangular spiral slots, the conventional slot antenna adopts a regular linear slot structure for feeding, the equiangular spiral slot antenna is a typical broadband antenna, and the equiangular spiral slot structure is applied to the feeding structure, so that the effect of improving the bandwidth of the antenna is realized.
In one embodiment, the spiral slit is a planar equiangular spiral slit.
In one embodiment, the coupling ends of the rectangular metal conductive strips are in a hexagonal structure.
In the embodiment, the hexagonal structure is right opposite to the spiral slot and the cylindrical medium, the feed efficiency can be improved and the bandwidth can be increased by properly increasing the area of the patch, but the backward radiation of the antenna can be increased by too large area, so that the gain of the antenna is reduced; the corresponding antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization, low profile and simple structure, and can be used as a unit of the array antenna, thereby further improving the gain of the antenna or changing the directional diagram of the antenna.
In one embodiment, to verify the effectiveness of the Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna, the following structural dimensions are taken as examples:
as shown in FIG. 1, the Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna comprises an FR4 dielectric substrate 1, the dielectric constant of which is 4.4, the side length of which is 20mm, and the height of which is 0.5 mm. The lower surface is a hexagonal rectangular metal feeder 2 with a length of 10mm and a width of 0.58mm, and the side length of the hexagon is 0.3 mm. The upper surface is provided with a metal sheet 3 with an equiangular spiral gap 4, and the equiangular spiral gap 4 satisfies a parameter equation:
r0×ea×t×cost；
r0×ea×t×sint；
wherein t isParametric sum ∈ (0, 2 π), r0Is a point on the curve
Is located at a distance of 0.6mm from the origin, a is equal to
The degree of tightness of the helix, called the specific tightness, is determined by an independent constant, which is 0.15.
The cylindrical dielectric resonator 5 is fixed in the center of the spiral gap 4, the radius is 2.9mm, the height is 1.8mm, the top is provided with a cylindrical groove 7, the radius is 1.1mm, the depth is 0.5mm, and the whole cylindrical dielectric is surrounded by the dielectric ring 6. The inner radius of the medium ring 6 is 5.1mm, the outer radius is 7.9mm, and the height is 2 mm. The adopted materials are all alumina ceramics, and the dielectric constant is 9.8.
As shown in fig. 2, (a) shows an antenna microstrip feed line diagram, (b) shows a metal plate spiral slot diagram, (c) shows a medium radiation element diagram, and (d) shows an enlarged view of the spiral slot in fig. 2. S11 shows that the return loss of the antenna is less than-10 dB in the range from 27.3GHz to 32.3GHz, the antenna has a bandwidth of 5GB, and the impedance bandwidth is about 17%.
As shown in FIG. 3, the return loss of the antenna shown in FIG. 3 is less than-10 dB in the range from 27.3GHz to 32.3GHz, the bandwidth is 5GB, and the impedance bandwidth is about 17%. According to the gain directional diagram of the XOZ surface of the antenna, the maximum radiation direction gain of the antenna reaches 13.8dB at 32GHz, and the antenna has high gain.
As shown in fig. 4, the antenna shown in fig. 4 has a pattern at a frequency of 32 GHz. The maximum radiation direction gain reaches 13.8dB, and the gain is very high; the antenna has high gain in a bandwidth range, and the highest gain is achieved at 32 GHz.
Fig. 5 is a gain plot for an exemplary antenna at multiple frequency points over a bandwidth.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment has the remarkable advantages that:
the high-frequency metal radiation has large ohmic loss and low radiation efficiency, and the main radiation unit adopted by the invention is a cylindrical medium and is made of alumina ceramic. The alumina ceramic is a material commonly used for thick film integrated circuits, has a dielectric constant of 9.8, has good conductivity, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and has stable properties under the condition of higher frequency. The additional dielectric ring forms a standing wave for the electromagnetic wave, and limits the standing wave in the ring as much as possible, thereby jointly realizing high gain.
The antenna provided by the invention realizes the high-efficiency coupling feed to the dielectric resonator through the equiangular spiral slot, the conventional slot antenna feed adopts a regular linear slot structure, the equiangular spiral slot antenna is a typical broadband antenna, and the equiangular spiral slot structure is applied to the feed structure, so that the effect of improving the bandwidth of the antenna is realized. The invention can realize high gain, and ensure the bandwidth of about 17%, which is more advantageous than other antennas.
The corresponding antenna not only keeps the characteristics of light weight, low section and easy integration of the microstrip antenna, but also overcomes the defects of low gain and narrow bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, can replace some existing low-efficiency microstrip antennas, and can be used as a unit of an array antenna, thereby further improving the gain of the antenna or changing the directional diagram of the antenna.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
It should be noted that the terms "first \ second \ third" referred to in the embodiments of the present application merely distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific ordering for the objects, and it should be understood that "first \ second \ third" may exchange a specific order or sequence when allowed. It should be understood that "first \ second \ third" distinct objects may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.
The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that comprises a list of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules but may alternatively include other steps or modules not listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or device.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a rectangular metal conductive strip, a metal sheet, a spiral gap, a cylindrical dielectric resonator, a dielectric ring and a cylindrical groove;
the rectangular metal conductive belt is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, a metal sheet with a spiral gap carved in the center is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the cylindrical dielectric resonator is attached to the center of the spiral gap, a cylindrical groove is formed in the center of the top of the cylindrical dielectric resonator, a layer of dielectric ring is added on the metal sheet, and the cylindrical dielectric ring surrounds the cylindrical dielectric in the center of the dielectric ring.
2. The Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain toroidal cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein the primary source of radiation is located within the cylindrical dielectric resonator and the secondary source of excitation is trapped within the dielectric toroid; the dimensions of the cylindrical dielectric resonator determine the resonant frequency and the mode excited in the cavity, and as radiated, the wave impinges on the dielectric toroid and becomes trapped in the dielectric toroid as a standing wave, in which case the ring field distribution depends on the wavefront of the shockwave from the cylindrical dielectric resonator; the electric field vector is concentrated at the cylindrical medium and radiates outwards in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, after the electric field radiated in the horizontal direction contacts the medium circular ring, a small part of the electric field flows up and down in the vertical direction along the inner surface of the medium circular ring, the other part of the electric field is reflected back to be superposed with the electric field vector on the cylindrical medium to generate radiation, and the vertical direction is controlled by the width of a quarter wavelength to minimize the wave from propagating outside the medium circular ring.
3. The Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein the helical slot is a planar equiangular helical slot.
4. The Ka-band low-profile broadband high-gain annular cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, wherein the coupling end of the rectangular metal conductive strip is in a hexagonal structure.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113410618A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-17 | 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 | Broadband high-gain antenna structure and electronic equipment |
| CN113422210A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-21 | 鸿基无线通信(深圳)有限公司 | Frequency-adjustable switching antenna |
| CN116979246A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-31 | 浪潮(山东)计算机科技有限公司 | Communication antenna and communication equipment |
| CN117458133A (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-01-26 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Satellite antenna and satellite communication system |
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