CN111709199B - Method for measuring heating value of equipment - Google Patents
Method for measuring heating value of equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111709199B CN111709199B CN202010594155.8A CN202010594155A CN111709199B CN 111709199 B CN111709199 B CN 111709199B CN 202010594155 A CN202010594155 A CN 202010594155A CN 111709199 B CN111709199 B CN 111709199B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the heating value of equipment, which comprises the following steps: a measuring box body is built, and a small thermal environment is built; determining an influencing thermal factor of the built small thermal environment; determining that the built small thermal environment temperature field has linear characteristics according to the flow field characteristics; calculating the contribution rate of the indoor environment of the equipment to be tested according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field; and reversely pushing the heating value of the tested equipment according to the contribution rate formed by the indoor environment. The method has the beneficial effects in the aspects of analysis and prediction of indoor thermal environment, design and regulation of an air conditioning system and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to the technical field of instrument and equipment heating values, in particular to a method for measuring equipment heating values.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, various indoor electrical equipment has gradually become main tools for life and work of people, such as computers, projectors, printers, various household appliances and the like. The heating of the electrical equipment also has a certain influence on the indoor thermal environment while improving the working life quality. Generally, the working power of the electric equipment is indicated, but the accurate heating value of the electric equipment is rarely recorded. In the analysis of indoor thermal environment and the prediction of thermal load, the amount of heat generated by various devices is generally averaged or simply estimated by unit area. However, under the trend of accurate control of indoor environment, it becomes a necessary link to accurately grasp the accurate heating value of each device and process it.
However, the measurement of the heat productivity of the equipment is very difficult, and an environmental bin capable of accurately controlling the temperature and humidity is often required, and complex treatments such as sealing and the like are required for the heat-generating equipment.
Therefore, in order to improve the analysis and prediction accuracy of the indoor thermal environment, it is necessary to solve the problem of measuring the heat productivity of the equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experiment and calculation method capable of conveniently measuring the heating value of equipment. The heat generating device is regarded as a heat factor affecting the heat environment by using a parameter of the indoor environment forming contribution ratio Contribution Ratio of Indoor Climate (hereinafter abbreviated as CRI), and its contribution to the spatial temperature distribution is quantified by using a calculation result of computational fluid dynamics Computational Fluid Dynamics (hereinafter abbreviated as CFD), and the heat generation amount of the device is calculated by measuring the temperatures of several points in the space instead of directly measuring the heat generation amount.
The invention discloses a method for measuring the heating value of equipment, which comprises the following steps:
a measuring box body is built, and a small thermal environment is built;
determining an influencing thermal factor of the built small thermal environment;
determining that the built small thermal environment temperature field has linear characteristics according to the flow field characteristics;
calculating the contribution rate of the indoor environment of the equipment to be tested according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field;
and reversely pushing the heating value of the tested equipment according to the contribution rate formed by the indoor environment.
Further, the thermal factors affecting the thermal environment comprise self-heating of the equipment, air supply at the air supply opening and heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body.
Further, the indoor environment forming contribution rate is a parameter extracted from a CFD calculation result, and in the forced convection dominant flow field, the calculation process includes:
s1, working before calculation: geometry modeling, ICEM CFD meshing, and flucent introduction for preparation calculation;
s2, calculating the contribution rate of the indoor environment in the forced convection dominant flow field.
Further, the step S2 includes:
s21, opening fluent, setting a calculation model and boundary conditions, and calculating a total temperature field and a total speed field;
s22, saving the calculation result as a case & data file;
s23, creating a case;
s24, importing a case & data file;
s25, closing the radiation model;
s26, changing boundary conditions: only one thermal factor condition is reserved, and the rest thermal factors are set to be heating temperature to be neutral temperature or heating value to be 0;
s27, fixing a flow field, and only calculating a sub-temperature field under the control of a single thermal factor;
s28, starting calculation to obtain temperature distribution of the sub-temperature field;
s29, an indoor environment forming contribution rate calculation formula is applied.
Further, the indoor environment forms a contribution rate calculation formula:
for a forced convection dominant flow field, the thermal factor m is x i The indoor environment contribution rate of the point is calculated as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
x i Spatial coordinates;
θ n : neutral temperature;
θ m,o : heat factor m heat dissipation or absorption Q m Indoor temperature during uniform diffusion;
Δθ m,o ＝θ m,o -θ n : a temperature difference between the uniform diffusion temperature and the neutral temperature;
θ m (x i ): thermal factor m radiating or absorbing Q calculated by CFD m Rear x i A spot temperature;
Δθ m (x i )＝θ m (x i )-θ n : heat factor m heat dissipation or absorption Q m Rear x i A temperature difference between the point temperature and the neutral temperature;
convective heat transfer capacity of thermal factor m;
C p : specific heat capacity of indoor air;
ρ: air density;
f: and (5) air supply quantity.
Further, the linear change formula of the temperature field is theta Apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a device ＝θ Total (S) -(θ Air supply -θ n )-(θ Wall surface -θ n )。
Further, the step of generating heat of the contribution rate back-pushing device by the indoor environment includes:
s1, building a measuring box body;
s2, presetting equipment heating value according to equipment working power, and performing CFD simulation calculation on the whole space in the box body;
s3, obtaining the temperature of each monitoring point in the total temperature field, and obtaining the temperature of each point under the control of the heating value of the equipment according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field;
s4, forming a contribution rate calculation formula according to the indoor environment, and calculating CR I values of the heat productivity of the equipment at all monitoring points;
s5, measuring the actual temperature of each monitoring point in the box body, and obtaining the temperature of each point in the actual flow field only under the control of the heating value of the equipment according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field;
s6, calculating the actual heat productivity of the equipment according to the temperatures of the points and the corresponding contribution rate of the indoor environment.
Further, in S2, the whole device is placed in a constant temperature environment, and the air supply temperature is the constant temperature.
Further, the contribution rate of indoor environment formation is defined as the ratio of the temperature rise or temperature drop of any thermal factor in the room to a certain point to the absolute value of the temperature rise or temperature drop of the point under the condition of completely and uniformly mixing the heat dissipation or heat absorption of the thermal factor.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention has beneficial effects in the aspects of analysis and prediction of indoor thermal environment, design and regulation of an air conditioning system and the like. Firstly, when the heat productivity of the equipment is measurable, the influence of the equipment can be considered when the analysis and the prediction of the indoor thermal environment are carried out, and the analysis and the prediction precision are improved. Meanwhile, the equipment is the same as the influence factors of other indoor thermal environments, is one of factors to be considered in the design and regulation of an indoor air conditioning system, and when the heating value of the equipment is measurable, the design and regulation of the air conditioning system can be more accurate and comprehensive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the heating value of a device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the heating value of the CRI thrust reverser of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring box model according to the present invention.
Legend: 1. a measuring device; 11. an air supply port; 12. an air outlet; 2. an apparatus.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other advantages and effects of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes embodiments of the present disclosure by way of specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be embodied or practiced in other different specific embodiments, and details within the subject specification may be modified or changed from various points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for measuring heat productivity of a device, which specifically includes the following steps:
and a measuring box body is built to build a small thermal environment.
The influencing thermal factor of the created mini-thermal environment is determined.
The thermal factors influencing the thermal environment comprise self-heating of the equipment, air supply at the air supply port and heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body.
The indoor flow field is a forced convection dominant flow field.
CRI is defined as the ratio of the temperature rise or drop of any thermal factor in a room to the absolute value of the temperature rise or drop of that point under fully uniform mixing conditions where the factor dissipates heat or absorbs heat. The CRI is different in the calculation formula in the forced convection dominant flow field and the natural convection dominant flow field due to the difference of flow field characteristics. The invention adopts the design of forced convection dominant flow field.
CRI is a parameter extracted from CFD calculation results, and in the forced convection dominant flow field, the calculation process includes:
s1, working before calculation: geometry modeling, ICEM CFD meshing, and flucent introduction for preparation calculation;
s2, calculating CRI in the forced convection dominant flow field. The calculation and calculation process of CRI in the forced convection dominant flow field comprises the following steps:
s21, opening fluent, setting a calculation model and boundary conditions, and calculating a total temperature field and a total speed field;
s22, saving the calculation result as a case & data file;
s23, creating a case;
s24, importing a case & data file;
s25, closing the radiation model;
s26, changing boundary conditions: only one thermal factor condition is reserved, and the rest thermal factors are set to be heating temperature to be neutral temperature or heating value to be 0;
s28, starting calculation to obtain temperature distribution of the sub-temperature field;
s29, an indoor environment forming contribution rate calculation formula is applied.
For a forced convection dominant flow field, the thermal factor m is x i The CRI of the points is calculated as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
x i Spatial coordinates;
θ n : neutral temperature;
θ m,o : thermal factor m heat dissipationOr absorb heat Q m Indoor temperature during uniform diffusion;
Δθ m,o ＝θ m,o -θ n : a temperature difference between the uniform diffusion temperature and the neutral temperature;
θ m (x i ): thermal factor m radiating or absorbing Q calculated by CFD m Rear x i A spot temperature;
Δθ m (x i )＝θ m (x i )-θ n : heat factor m heat dissipation or absorption Q m Rear x i A temperature difference between the point temperature and the neutral temperature;
thermal factor m Is used for the convection heat transfer capacity of the air conditioner;
C p : specific heat capacity of indoor air;
ρ: air density;
f: and (5) air supply quantity.
The built small thermal environment temperature field is determined to have linear characteristics according to the flow field characteristics.
And calculating the contribution rate of the indoor environment of the tested equipment according to the temperature field linear characteristic.
The CRI of all thermal factors is a parameter calculated on the basis of a unified fixed flow field, which is defined as a representative flow field, including the air-conditioning system supply air flow, the heated (cooled) rising (falling) air flow around the thermal factors, etc., and in the case of forced convection, the heat transfer can be considered to be linear, i.e. the total temperature field is a linear composite of a plurality of sub-temperature fields controlled by a single thermal factor. The heat factor applied in the invention has the self-heating of the equipment, the air supply at the air supply port and the heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body, and the effect of the air supply on the inside of the box body is the same in a stable state, and meanwhile, in order to simplify the calculation of the influence of the radiation heat transfer around the box body, the temperature under the control of the heating value of the equipment is calculated by utilizing the linear characteristic of a temperature field, namely theta Apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a device ＝θ Total (S) -(θ Air supply -θ n )-(θ Wall surface -θ n )。
Referring to fig. 2, the heat generation amount of the apparatus is reversely pushed according to CRI.
In the forced convection dominant flow field, the buoyancy due to temperature change caused by the change in heat generation amount of the heat factor is negligible compared to the air conditioning system air supply, so CRI can be regarded as a certain value. Based on the theory, the method for utilizing CRI to back-push the heat productivity of the indoor equipment comprises the following steps:
s1, the size of the built measuring box body with the air inlet and the air outlet is fixed, and the length, the width and the height of the measuring box body are respectively 1m, 1m and 1m. The 5 sensors are installed in the box body, the positions of the sensors are fixed (S1 is positioned in the center of the upper part of the box body, S2 and S4 are symmetrical, and S3 and S5 are symmetrical), and the placing positions of the measured equipment are also fixed (the center of the bottom of the box body), as shown in fig. 3. The box body is made of heat-insulating aluminum alloy material, and the heat transfer coefficient is 3.72W/m 2 ·K。
S2, since the actual heating value of the equipment is unknown, but the CRI value is not changed along with the change of the heating value according to the CRI theory, the heating value of the equipment is preset according to the working power of the equipment, and CFD simulation calculation is carried out on the whole space in the box body. The whole device is placed in a constant temperature environment, and the air supply temperature is the constant temperature.
S3, the temperature of each monitoring point can be obtained in the total temperature field obtained by the calculation in S2, and the temperature of each monitoring point can be obtained under the control of the heat productivity of the equipment by utilizing the linear characteristic of the temperature field because the whole space only has three heat factors of self-heating of the equipment, air supply at the air supply port and heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body.
S4, substituting the temperature of each monitoring point obtained in the step 3 under the control of the heating value of the equipment into a formula (1), and calculating the CRI of the heating value of the equipment at each point.
S5, after the actual temperature of each monitoring point in the box body is obtained by utilizing the sensor in the box body, the temperature of each monitoring point in the actual flow field can be obtained only under the control of the heating value of the equipment according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field, the air supply temperature in the actual flow field and the heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body, and the same as S3.
S6, bringing the CRI and the actual temperature of each monitoring point obtained in the S4 and the S5 into a formula (1), and obtaining the actual heating value of the equipment.
The accurate heating value of one device placed in a room is 500W, and the heating value of the device is estimated to be between 480W and 550W according to the designated device power. The box body is placed in a constant temperature environment, the temperature is 22 ℃, and the temperature in the box body, namely the neutral temperature, is 27 ℃.
Assuming that the device heating value is 480w, the cfd simulation calculation conditions are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation of simulation conditions
At this time, the total temperature at each monitoring point in the total temperature field and the temperature difference between each thermal factor and the neutral temperature are shown in table 2, and according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field, the temperature of each point under the control of the heating value of the equipment can be obtained, and brought into formula (1), the CRI of each monitoring point can be calculated, and the CRI is summarized in table 2.
TABLE 2 temperature rise (simulation) of each monitoring point by each thermal factor
In practice, the total temperature of each monitoring point in the box and the temperature difference between each thermal factor and the neutral temperature are shown in table 3, the air supply temperature is still constant temperature environment temperature 22 ℃, the temperature of each point under the control of the heating value of the equipment can be obtained according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field, the temperature and the CRI of each known point are substituted into formula (1), the actual heating value of the equipment is obtained through calculation, and the actual heating value is summarized in table 3.
TABLE 3 temperature rise (actual) caused by each thermal factor to each monitoring point
| Total temperature of | Air supply | Wall surface | CRI | Apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a device | Q | |
| S1 | 7.96 | -5 | -1.29 | -0.44 | 14.25 | 495.74 |
| S2 | 9.47 | -5 | -1.42 | -0.48 | 15.89 | 495.60 |
| S3 | 3.63 | -5 | -1.18 | -0.40 | 9.81 | 499.90 |
| S4 | 4.82 | -5 | -1.42 | -0.48 | 11.24 | 495.93 |
| S5 | 3.79 | -5 | -1.43 | -0.49 | 10.22 | 499.68 |
According to the calculation result, the calculated heating value is very close to the actual heating value, and the calculation result can be applied within the allowable error range, namely, the method for reversing the heating value of the equipment by utilizing the CRI and the linear characteristic thereof has certain effectiveness, and the accurate heating value of the equipment can be basically obtained.
The above description is for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method of measuring the heating value of a device, comprising:
a measuring box body is built, and a small thermal environment is built;
determining an influencing thermal factor of the built small thermal environment; the heat influencing factors comprise self-heating of the equipment, air supply at an air supply port and heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body;
determining that the built small thermal environment temperature field has linear characteristics according to the flow field characteristics; the linear change formula of the temperature field is theta Apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a device ＝θ Total (S) -(θ Air supply -θ n )-(θ Wall surface -θ n )；
Calculating the contribution rate of the indoor environment of the equipment to be tested according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field; the contribution rate of the indoor environment is defined as the ratio of the temperature rise or temperature drop of any thermal factor in the room to the absolute value of the temperature rise or temperature drop of the point under the condition of completely and uniformly mixing the heat dissipation or heat absorption of the thermal factor;
reversely pushing the heating value of the tested equipment according to the contribution rate formed by the indoor environment;
wherein:
the indoor environment forming contribution rate is a parameter extracted from a CFD calculation result, and in a forced convection dominant flow field, the calculation process comprises the following steps:
s1, working before calculation: geometry modeling, ICEM CFD meshing, and flucent introduction for preparation calculation;
s2, calculating the contribution rate of the indoor environment in the forced convection dominant flow field, wherein the calculation comprises the following steps:
s21, opening fluent, setting a calculation model and boundary conditions, and calculating a total temperature field and a total speed field;
s22, saving the calculation result as a case & data file;
s23, creating a case;
s24, importing a case & data file;
s25, closing the radiation model;
s26, changing boundary conditions: only one thermal factor condition is reserved, and the rest thermal factors are set to be heating temperature to be neutral temperature or heating value to be 0;
s27, fixing a flow field, and only calculating a sub-temperature field under the control of a single thermal factor;
s28, starting calculation to obtain temperature distribution of the sub-temperature field;
s29, applying an indoor environment forming contribution rate calculation formula: for a forced convection dominant flow field, the thermal factor m is x i The indoor environment contribution rate of the point is calculated as follows:
wherein: x is x i Spatial coordinates; θ n : neutral temperature; θ m,o : heat factor m heat dissipation or absorption Q m Indoor temperature during uniform diffusion; Δθ m,o ＝θ m,o -θ n : a temperature difference between the uniform diffusion temperature and the neutral temperature; θ m (x i ): thermal factor m radiating or absorbing Q calculated by CFD m Rear x i A spot temperature; Δθ m (x i )＝θ m (x i )-θ n : heat factor m heat dissipation or absorption Q m Rear x i A temperature difference between the point temperature and the neutral temperature;convective heat transfer capacity of thermal factor m; c (C) p : specific heat capacity of indoor air; ρ: air density; f: air supply quantity;
the method for reversely pushing the heating value of the tested equipment according to the contribution rate formed by the indoor environment comprises the following steps:
s1, building a measuring box body;
s2, presetting equipment heating value according to equipment working power, and performing CFD simulation calculation on the whole space in the box body;
s3, obtaining the temperature of each monitoring point in the total temperature field obtained by the calculation in the S2, wherein the whole space only has three heat factors of self-heating of equipment, air supply at an air supply port and heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body, and the temperature of each monitoring point under the control of the heat productivity of the equipment is obtained according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field;
s4, substituting the temperature of each monitoring point obtained in the step S3 under the control of the heating value of the equipment into the indoor environment contribution rate calculation formula, and calculating the CRI of the heating value of the equipment at each point; the CRI represents the contribution rate of indoor environment formation;
s5, measuring the actual temperature of each monitoring point in the box body, and obtaining the temperature of each monitoring point in the actual flow field only under the control of the heat productivity of the equipment according to the linear characteristic of the temperature field, the air supply temperature in the actual flow field and the heat transfer of the wall surface of the box body;
s6, bringing the CRI and the actual temperature of each monitoring point obtained in the S4 and the S5 into the indoor environment contribution rate calculation formula to obtain the actual heat productivity of the equipment.
2. The method for measuring the heating value of a device according to claim 1, wherein S2 presets the heating value of the device according to the operating power of the device, and performs CFD simulation calculation on the entire space inside the box, the box is placed in a constant temperature environment, and the supply air temperature is the constant temperature.
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| Building energy simulation considering spatial temperature distribution for nonuniform indoor environment;Weirong Zhang等;Building and Environment;全文 * |
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