CN111707909A - Porcelain insulator detection method and porcelain insulator detection circuit - Google Patents
Porcelain insulator detection method and porcelain insulator detection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111707909A CN111707909A CN202010467984.XA CN202010467984A CN111707909A CN 111707909 A CN111707909 A CN 111707909A CN 202010467984 A CN202010467984 A CN 202010467984A CN 111707909 A CN111707909 A CN 111707909A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1245—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of line insulators or spacers, e.g. ceramic overhead line cap insulators; of insulators in HV bushings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/18—Subjecting similar articles in turn to test, e.g. go/no-go tests in mass production
Abstract
The invention provides a porcelain insulator detection method and a porcelain insulator detection circuit, wherein the porcelain insulator detection method comprises the following steps: s101: respectively sending impulse voltage to a normal porcelain insulator and a porcelain insulator to be measured through an impulse voltage generator, and acquiring voltage change waveform data by using a measurement loop; s102: acquiring the charge quantity of the normal porcelain insulator, the first equivalent charge quantity and the second equivalent charge quantity of the porcelain insulator to be detected according to the acquired voltage sequence and time sequence; s103: and judging whether the porcelain insulator to be detected is a degraded porcelain insulator or not according to whether the second equivalent charge amount is smaller than the product of the first equivalent charge amount and a preset threshold value or not. According to the invention, the impulse voltage is sent to the porcelain insulator through the impulse voltage generator, the internal defects of the porcelain insulator are punctured by using the short-time high voltage of the impulse voltage, the internal insulation problem is exposed, the missing detection problem of the degraded porcelain insulator is avoided, the pressurization time is short, the power is low, the energy consumption is low, and the detection equipment is convenient to miniaturize and detect in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrical equipment detection, in particular to a porcelain insulator detection method and a porcelain insulator detection circuit.
Background
The porcelain insulator is an important equipment component of a power transmission and transformation system, is widely used in a high-voltage power transmission line, a transformer substation and other grid systems, and plays a role in mechanical support and electric insulation of a power transmission conductor. Among various porcelain insulators, the porcelain insulator is the porcelain insulator with the largest use amount, and has the remarkable advantages that the porcelain has good chemical stability, the porcelain material basically cannot be aged, and meanwhile, the porcelain insulator is good in mechanical property and simple in matching mode with an electrical system. In addition, the porcelain insulator is high in cost performance, and is the most mature and experienced product in the aspects of matching installation, maintenance technology and the like.
In the case of porcelain insulators, the mechanical properties of the porcelain insulator are reduced and the insulating ability is lost for a number of reasons, which is called deterioration of the porcelain insulator. Porcelain insulators are likely to deteriorate during production, transportation, installation and operation. During production, the ceramic insulator has micro-pores and micro-cracks in the manufacturing process, and the ceramic insulator has the defects of gaps and the like caused by inconsistent shrinkage coefficients of connecting pieces and ceramic materials. In the transportation and installation process, the head defects of the porcelain pieces are also caused by collision and other reasons. After the porcelain insulator is put into operation, the tensile property of the porcelain insulator is poor, and pores and cracks in the porcelain insulator are expanded in long-time operation to cause deterioration. In order to eliminate the degraded porcelain insulator and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power grid, an accurate and effective degraded porcelain insulator detection means must be provided.
However, the conventional detection and analysis means can only detect the insulation resistance value of the porcelain insulator, and the applied voltage level is low, so that cracks in the porcelain cannot be exposed, and the deteriorated porcelain insulator cannot be completely detected. With the development of various zero-value porcelain insulator detection devices in recent years, devices with small detection device size and high detection speed are gradually applied to the field of defect detection of power grid devices, such as infrared detection, ultraviolet detection, ultrasonic detection and the like. However, the methods are influenced by the dirt on the outer surface of the porcelain insulator and the environmental sound, light and electricity noises, have poor accuracy and can not expose the inside of the porcelain insulator, and a large amount of leakage detection exists on the degraded porcelain insulator.
For a deteriorated porcelain insulator with cracks at the head part of a porcelain part but no through-type channel is formed, a megger with a low voltage grade is used for measuring to obtain a high insulation resistance value, and the insulation resistance value can be detected only through a power frequency withstand voltage test in the prior art. Increasing the detection voltage is a necessary means for detecting the deteriorated porcelain insulator. However, the industrial frequency withstand voltage test needs professional equipment, so that the equipment is large in size, long in single pressurization time, few in application places and inconvenient to detect in a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a porcelain insulator detection method and a porcelain insulator detection circuit, wherein an impulse voltage is sent to a porcelain insulator through an impulse voltage generator, the internal defects of a porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator are punctured by utilizing the short-time high voltage of the impulse voltage, the internal insulation problem is exposed, the missing detection problem of the deteriorated porcelain insulator is avoided, the pressurization time is short, the power is low, the energy consumption is low, the judgment logic is simple and convenient to integrate, the detection equipment is convenient to miniaturize, the application place is wide, and the large-batch detection is convenient.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a technical solution as follows: a porcelain insulator detection method comprises the following steps: s101: respectively sending impulse voltage to a normal porcelain insulator and a porcelain insulator to be tested through an impulse voltage generator, and acquiring voltage change waveform data of the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be tested by using a measurement loop; s102: acquiring a voltage sequence of the voltage change waveform data and a time sequence corresponding to the voltage sequence, and acquiring the charge quantity and the first equivalent charge quantity of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator and the second equivalent charge quantity of the iron cap of the porcelain insulator to be detected according to the voltage sequence and the time sequence; s103: and judging whether the second equivalent charge amount is smaller than the product of the first equivalent charge amount and a preset threshold value, if so, determining that the porcelain insulator to be detected is a degraded porcelain insulator, and if not, determining that the porcelain insulator to be detected is a qualified porcelain insulator.
Furthermore, the measurement circuit comprises a high-voltage probe and a waveform sampling circuit, and the waveform sampling circuit is connected with the two ends of the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be detected through the high-voltage probe.
Further, the step of obtaining the voltage sequence of the voltage change waveform data and the time sequence corresponding to the voltage sequence further comprises:
and removing burrs in the voltage change waveform data in a low-pass filtering mode.
Further, the impulse voltage generator generates 60-100kv of high voltage when no load exists, and the rise time of the impulse voltage applied to the porcelain insulator to be tested and the normal porcelain insulator is less than 10 ms.
Further, the input impedance of the measuring loop is larger than 1G omega, and the sampling interval of the measuring loop is not larger than 1 ms.
Further, the time interval of the time series is equal to the sampling interval of the measurement loop.
Further, the step of obtaining the charge amount of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator according to the voltage sequence and the time sequence specifically includes: by the formula
Acquiring the charge quantity of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator, wherein Q is the charge quantity of the iron cap, and R is1Is the equivalent resistance of a normal porcelain insulator, R0Is the input impedance of the measuring loop, T is the time interval of the time series, I1For the current flowing through said equivalent resistance, I0Is flowed throughMeasuring the current of the loop, U0For measuring voltage, u, acquired by the loopiIs the ith voltage in the voltage sequence.
Further, the impulse voltage generator sends impulse voltage to the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be tested through the high-voltage silicon stack.
Further, the preset threshold is 0.8.
Based on the same invention concept, the invention also provides a porcelain insulator detection circuit, which comprises an impulse voltage generator and a measurement loop; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the impulse voltage generator are respectively connected with two ends of the normal porcelain insulator or the porcelain insulator to be tested; the measuring loop is connected with two ends of the normal porcelain insulator or the porcelain insulator to be measured; the porcelain insulator detection circuit detects whether the porcelain insulator to be detected is a degraded porcelain insulator or not by the porcelain insulator detection method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the impulse voltage generator sends impulse voltage to the porcelain insulator, the internal defects of the porcelain insulator are broken through by the short-time high voltage of the impulse voltage, the internal insulation problem is exposed, the leakage detection problem of the degraded porcelain insulator is avoided, the pressurizing time is short, the power is small, the energy consumption is low, the judgment logic is simple, the integration is convenient, the detection equipment is convenient to miniaturize, the application place is wide, and the large-batch detection is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the porcelain insulator detection method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a porcelain insulator detection circuit to which the porcelain insulator detection method of the present invention is applied;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing one example of the pressurization amplitudes of a qualified porcelain insulator and a deteriorated porcelain insulator in the porcelain insulator detection method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of a part of the porcelain insulator detection circuit in the porcelain insulator detection method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the porcelain insulator detection method of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the porcelain insulator detection circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1-5, fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a porcelain insulator detection method according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a porcelain insulator detection circuit to which the porcelain insulator detection method of the present invention is applied; FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing one example of the pressurization amplitudes of a qualified porcelain insulator and a deteriorated porcelain insulator in the porcelain insulator detection method according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of a part of the porcelain insulator detection circuit in the porcelain insulator detection method according to the present invention; fig. 5 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the porcelain insulator detection method of the present invention. The porcelain insulator detection method of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the attached figures 1-5.
According to the porcelain insulator detection method, firstly, impact voltage is applied to a normal porcelain insulator, voltage waveforms at two ends of the normal porcelain insulator are collected to obtain a standard waveform, and the discharge charge quantity of an iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator is obtained; then, pressurizing the porcelain insulator to be tested to obtain the discharge charge quantity in the same way; and judging whether the interior of the porcelain insulator has defects or not by comparing and calculating the difference of the discharge charge amount of the normal porcelain insulator of the discharge charge amount of the piece to be detected so as to identify the degraded porcelain insulator.
In this embodiment, the porcelain insulator detection method specifically includes:
s101: and respectively sending impulse voltage to the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be detected through the impulse voltage generator, and acquiring voltage change waveform data of the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be detected by using the measuring circuit.
In this embodiment, the measurement circuit includes a high-voltage probe and a waveform sampling circuit, and the waveform sampling circuit is connected with the two ends of the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be measured through the high-voltage probe.
In a specific embodiment, the waveform sampling circuit is an oscilloscope.
In this embodiment, the normal porcelain insulator is a qualified porcelain insulator without cracks inside.
In the embodiment, the impulse voltage generator generates 60-100kv high voltage when no load, that is, the impulse voltage is sent to the porcelain insulator, and the rise time of the impulse voltage applied to the porcelain insulator to be tested and the normal porcelain insulator is less than 10 ms.
In a specific embodiment, the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be tested have the same type, and both are porcelain insulators.
In this embodiment, impulse voltage generator sends impulse voltage to normal porcelain insulator or the porcelain insulator that awaits measuring through the high-voltage silicon heap to after guaranteeing to send impulse voltage, impulse voltage generator's parameter variation can not influence the voltage attenuation on normal porcelain insulator, the porcelain insulator that awaits measuring, and then guarantees the accuracy of voltage variation waveform data.
In a specific embodiment, the positive pole of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the normal porcelain insulator or the porcelain insulator to be tested through the high-voltage silicon stack.
In this embodiment, the waveform sampling circuit is provided with a trigger that triggers simultaneously with the trigger of the surge voltage generator to enable the measurement circuit to acquire the voltage variation waveform when the surge voltage generator emits the surge voltage.
In the present embodiment, the input impedance of the measurement loop is greater than 1G Ω, and the sampling interval of the waveform sampling circuit in the measurement loop is not greater than 1 ms.
S102: and acquiring a voltage sequence of the voltage change waveform data and a time sequence corresponding to the voltage sequence, and acquiring the charge quantity and the first equivalent charge quantity of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator or the second equivalent charge quantity of the iron cap of the porcelain insulator to be detected according to the voltage sequence and the time sequence.
In this embodiment, the step of obtaining the voltage sequence of the voltage change waveform data and the time sequence corresponding to the voltage sequence further includes: and removing burrs in the voltage change waveform data by means of low-pass filtering.
In this embodiment, the voltage in the impulse voltage waveform detected by the measurement loop increases rapidly with time and then decays slowly, and the time interval of the acquired time series is equal to the sampling interval of the measurement loop.
In this embodiment, the step of obtaining the charge amount of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator according to the voltage sequence and the time sequence specifically includes: by the formula
Acquiring the charge quantity of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator, wherein Q is the charge quantity of the iron cap, and R is1Is the equivalent resistance of a normal porcelain insulator, R0For measuring the input impedance of the loop, T is the time interval of the time series, I1Is a current flowing through an equivalent resistance, I0For measuring the current of the loop, U0For measuring the voltage, u, picked up by the loopiIs the ith voltage in the voltage sequence.
In this embodiment, the input impedance of the measurement loop may be obtained by device parameters or measurements.
In the present embodiment, the first equivalent charge amount is Qeq，Qeq＝(∑ui) Oc Q, i.e., the first amount of equivalent charge is proportional to the amount of charge on a normal porcelain insulator cap.
Applying impact voltage to the porcelain insulator to be tested by adopting the same impact voltage generator, obtaining voltage change waveform data, and further obtaining a second equivalent charge quantity Q 'of the iron cap of the porcelain insulator to be tested by adopting the same method'eq。
S103: and judging whether the second equivalent charge amount is smaller than the product of the first equivalent charge amount and a preset threshold value, if so, determining that the porcelain insulator to be detected is a degraded porcelain insulator, and if not, determining that the porcelain insulator to be detected is a qualified porcelain insulator.
In this embodiment, the preset threshold is 0.8, in other embodiments, the preset threshold is 0.85, 0.9, or other values capable of identifying the degraded porcelain insulator, and the size of the preset threshold may be set according to actual situations, which is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, since the internal crack of the degraded porcelain insulator is broken down to cause discharge, part of the electric charge flows through the internal crack, and the difference between the electric charge amounts of the porcelain insulator to be tested and the normal porcelain insulator on the iron cap is compared, so that whether the porcelain insulator to be tested is the degraded porcelain insulator can be determined. Since the second equivalent charge amount is proportional to the actual charge amount of the iron cap of the porcelain insulator to be tested, the second equivalent charge amount and the first equivalent charge amount only need to be compared, namely, if Q'eqQ is less than Q, and the porcelain insulator to be detected is considered to be a degraded porcelain insulator.
The porcelain insulator detection method provided by the invention has the advantages that the applied impact voltage level is high, the internal defects of porcelain insulators can be effectively exposed, the porcelain insulators are not influenced by external dirt and environmental sound, photoelectric and noise, the deterioration judgment accuracy is high, the measurement time is short, the pressurization time is short, the efficiency is high, the detection equipment can be miniaturized and portable, and the porcelain insulator detection method is convenient for detection personnel to quickly and accurately detect large batches of porcelain insulator materials.
Has the advantages that: according to the porcelain insulator detection method, the impulse voltage is sent to the porcelain insulator through the impulse voltage generator, the internal defects of the porcelain insulator are broken through by using the short-time high voltage of the impulse voltage, the problem of internal insulation is exposed, the problem of missing detection of the deteriorated porcelain insulator is avoided, the pressurization time is short, the power is low, the energy consumption is low, the judgment logic is simple and convenient to integrate, the detection equipment is convenient to miniaturize, the application place is wide, and the large-batch detection is convenient.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention further provides a porcelain insulator detection circuit, please refer to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the porcelain insulator detection circuit of the present invention, and the porcelain insulator detection circuit of the present invention is specifically described with reference to fig. 6.
In this embodiment, the porcelain insulator detection circuit includes an impulse voltage generator and a measurement circuit; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the impulse voltage generator are respectively connected with two ends of a normal porcelain insulator or a porcelain insulator to be tested; the measuring loop is connected with two ends of a normal porcelain insulator or a porcelain insulator to be measured; the porcelain insulator detection circuit detects whether the porcelain insulator to be detected is a deteriorated porcelain insulator or not by the porcelain insulator detection method according to the embodiment.
Has the advantages that: the porcelain insulator detection circuit sends impulse voltage to the porcelain insulator through the impulse voltage generator, breaks through internal defects of a porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator by utilizing short-time high voltage of the impulse voltage, exposes the problem of internal insulation, avoids the problem of missing detection of the deteriorated porcelain insulator, has short pressurization time, small power and low energy consumption, has simple judgment logic, is convenient to integrate, is convenient for miniaturization of detection equipment, has wide application places and is convenient for large-batch detection.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, modules and circuits may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the structural components of the modules may be divided into only one logical function, and other divisions may be made in practice, for example, a plurality of modules or modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, devices or indirect coupling or communication connection, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The components described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown may or may not be physically separate, may be located in one place, or may be distributed in a plurality of places. Some or all of them can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A porcelain insulator detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: respectively sending impulse voltage to a normal porcelain insulator and a porcelain insulator to be tested through an impulse voltage generator, and acquiring voltage change waveform data of the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be tested by using a measurement loop;
s102: acquiring a voltage sequence of the voltage change waveform data and a time sequence corresponding to the voltage sequence, and acquiring the charge quantity and the first equivalent charge quantity of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator and the second equivalent charge quantity of the iron cap of the porcelain insulator to be detected according to the voltage sequence and the time sequence;
s103: and judging whether the second equivalent charge amount is smaller than the product of the first equivalent charge amount and a preset threshold value, if so, determining that the porcelain insulator to be detected is a degraded porcelain insulator, and if not, determining that the porcelain insulator to be detected is a qualified porcelain insulator.
2. The porcelain insulator detection method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement circuit comprises a high-voltage probe and a waveform sampling circuit, and the waveform sampling circuit is connected with two ends of the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be detected through the high-voltage probe.
3. The porcelain insulator detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the voltage sequence of the voltage variation waveform data and the time sequence corresponding to the voltage sequence is preceded by the step of:
and removing burrs in the voltage change waveform data in a low-pass filtering mode.
4. The porcelain insulator detection method according to claim 1, wherein the impulse voltage generator generates a high voltage of 60-100kv when no load occurs, and the rise time of the impulse voltage applied to the porcelain insulator to be detected and the normal porcelain insulator is less than 10 ms.
5. The porcelain insulator detection method of claim 1, wherein the input impedance of the measurement loop is greater than 1G Ω, and the sampling interval of the measurement loop is not greater than 1 ms.
6. The porcelain insulator detection method of claim 5, wherein a time interval of the time series is equal to a sampling interval of the measurement loop.
7. The porcelain insulator detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the charge amount of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator according to the voltage sequence and the time sequence specifically comprises:
by the formula
Acquiring the charge quantity of the iron cap of the normal porcelain insulator, wherein Q is the charge quantity of the iron cap, and R is1Is the equivalent resistance of a normal porcelain insulator, R0Is the input impedance of the measuring loop, T is the time interval of the time series, I1For the current flowing through said equivalent resistance, I0For the current flowing through the measuring loop, U0For measuring voltage, u, acquired by the loopiIs the ith voltage in the voltage sequence.
8. The porcelain insulator detection method according to claim 1, wherein the impulse voltage generator sends impulse voltage to the normal porcelain insulator and the porcelain insulator to be detected through a high-voltage silicon stack.
9. The porcelain insulator detection method according to claim 1, wherein the preset threshold value is 0.8.
10. The porcelain insulator detection circuit is characterized by comprising an impulse voltage generator and a measurement loop;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the impulse voltage generator are respectively connected with two ends of the normal porcelain insulator or the porcelain insulator to be tested;
the measuring loop is connected with two ends of the normal porcelain insulator or the porcelain insulator to be measured;
the porcelain insulator detection circuit detects whether the porcelain insulator to be detected is a deteriorated porcelain insulator or not by the porcelain insulator detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113109676A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 醴陵华鑫电瓷科技股份有限公司 | Electroceramic insulation electric shock test system based on big data |
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