CN111707188B - Laser-based on-machine measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Laser-based on-machine measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111707188B CN111707188B CN202010525425.XA CN202010525425A CN111707188B CN 111707188 B CN111707188 B CN 111707188B CN 202010525425 A CN202010525425 A CN 202010525425A CN 111707188 B CN111707188 B CN 111707188B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-machine measuring device and a measuring method based on laser, belonging to the technical field of workpiece detection. The laser-based on-machine measuring device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenience and rapidness in measuring method, can effectively realize on-machine measurement after a certain part of a workpiece is processed, avoids repeated disassembly and assembly of the workpiece, improves the efficiency and precision of workpiece measurement, provides guarantee for the precision of subsequent processing of the workpiece, reduces the cost of workpiece processing, and has better application prospect and popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece detection, and particularly relates to an on-machine measuring device and a measuring method based on laser.
Background
In the process of processing the workpiece, the processing size of the workpiece is often required to be measured, whether the processing precision of the workpiece is qualified or not is judged, and the accuracy of workpiece preparation is ensured.
In general, in the detection of a workpiece, the workpiece is usually taken down from a processing position after the workpiece is processed at all parts, and then clamping and detection are performed in a detection device, and the detection mode needs to perform secondary clamping on the workpiece, so that the process is complicated; moreover, the detection mode cannot detect the processing position of the workpiece at any time, and once the processing precision of a certain position has a problem, the processing precision of other positions can also correspondingly affect, so that the workpiece has a large rejection risk.
In addition, currently, a contact detection mode is mostly adopted for workpiece detection, and the detection mode can achieve a detection function to a certain extent for workpieces with regular structures, but for workpieces with irregular structures (such as arc-shaped surface workpieces and deep hole workpieces), the detection precision is often low, the control is complicated, the efficiency is low, the workpiece is easily limited by the structure of the workpiece, the length of a measuring rod of a workpiece measuring head needs to be fully considered, and the structural design of a measuring tool is limited. In addition, the contact measurement method often needs to plan its measurement path, which puts high technical requirements on operators, is not favorable for practical popularization and application, and has certain application limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more of the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides the laser-based on-machine measuring device and the laser-based on-machine measuring method, which can finish the non-contact on-machine measurement of a certain part after the part is machined by a workpiece, avoid the repeated clamping of the workpiece, ensure the efficiency and the precision of the workpiece measurement and provide guarantee for the precision of the subsequent machining of the workpiece.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an on-machine measuring device based on laser, wherein the measuring device is coaxially mountable on a position of a machine tool spindle where a machining tool is mounted, and comprises a measuring connection assembly, an adjustment assembly, a measuring unit and a spindle connection assembly;
one end of the spindle connecting assembly is connected with the measuring connecting assembly in a matching mode, and the other end of the spindle connecting assembly can be correspondingly connected to the machine tool spindle and can move along a specific measuring path along with the machine tool spindle;
the adjusting assembly is arranged at one end of the measuring connecting assembly, and the other end of the measuring connecting assembly is connected with the main shaft connecting assembly;
the measuring unit is a laser measuring head, is connected with the adjusting component in a matching way and can rotate within a certain angle range under the adjustment of the adjusting component so as to correspondingly adjust the deflection angle of the measuring laser emitted by the laser measuring head relative to the axis of the machine tool spindle; meanwhile, a locking component is arranged corresponding to the adjusting component, and can unlock the adjusting component when the angle of the adjusting component needs to be adjusted, and lock the adjusting component after the adjusting component is adjusted in place.
As a further development of the invention, the adjustment assembly comprises an indexing shaft having a rotary shaft and a rotary disc; the rotary disc is coaxially arranged on the periphery of the rotating shaft and can synchronously rotate along with the rotating shaft;
correspond the graduated shaft is in it has seted up the ladder through-hole to measure on the coupling assembling, the carousel holding is in the macropore of this ladder through-hole, the one end of pivot is passed the aperture of this ladder through-hole and is equipped with antifriction bearing at the spacing matching of tip, and the other end of this pivot passes through the mounting panel and connects the laser gauge head.
As a further improvement of the invention, a plurality of limiting grooves are arranged on the peripheral ring of the turntable at intervals upwards; the locking parts can be matched and embedded into or separated from the corresponding limiting grooves, so that the rotary disc can be locked or unlocked.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the locking member includes a tightening shaft, a spring, and a pressing block;
one end of the jacking shaft is a matching end and is used for being matched and embedded into the limiting groove; a ring platform is arranged on the periphery of the jacking shaft close to the end part of the matching end along the annular direction; the spring is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the jacking shaft, one end of the spring is abutted against one side of the ring platform, which is far away from the matching end, and the other end of the spring is sleeved on the end face of the pressing block on the periphery of the jacking shaft in a matching abutting manner;
correspondingly, a stepped hole radially penetrating through a large hole of the stepped through hole is formed in the measuring and connecting assembly, and the inner diameter of one end, close to the stepped through hole, of the stepped hole is smaller than that of the other end of the stepped hole, so that the matching end can extend out of the stepped hole and abut against an annular step of the stepped hole in a limiting manner through an annular table; and the pressing block can be connected to the end part of the stepped hole in a matching manner, and the spring is limited and packaged in the stepped hole.
As a further improvement of the invention, the end part of the tightening shaft is provided with a handle which is used for pulling the tightening shaft and releasing the locking of the tightening shaft to the rotating disc.
As a further improvement of the invention, the main shaft connecting assembly comprises a tool shank blind rivet and a measuring tool shank;
the measuring tool handle is used for connecting the machine tool spindle, and a mounting hole is formed in the middle of the measuring tool handle along the axial direction; the tool shank blind rivet is coaxially installed in a mounting hole at one end of the measuring tool shank in matched connection with the machine tool spindle.
As a further improvement of the invention, the measuring and connecting assembly comprises a taper shank shaft and an adapter;
one end of the taper shank shaft is connected in the mounting hole in a matching manner, and the other end of the taper shank shaft is correspondingly connected to the adapter;
the adapter is of an inverted L-shaped plate-shaped structure and comprises a first support plate and a second support plate, wherein the first support plate is horizontally arranged, the second support plate is vertically arranged, the taper shank shaft is connected to the top surface of the first support plate, and one end of the second support plate is connected to the bottom surface of the first support plate; the adjustment assembly and the locking member are disposed on the second fulcrum.
As a further improvement of the invention, the top of one side end surface of the second support plate connected with the measuring unit is provided with a plurality of limiting shafts for limiting the rotation of the measuring unit.
As a further improvement of the invention, a first connecting contact is arranged on the top surface of the first support plate, a connecting contact rod is arranged corresponding to the first connecting contact, and a second connecting contact is arranged on the end surface of the machine tool spindle;
the first connection contact is electrically connected with the measuring unit; the connecting feeler lever extends vertically, one end of the connecting feeler lever is connected to the first connecting contact, and the other end of the connecting feeler lever is abutted to the second connecting contact after the adjusting assembly, the spindle connecting assembly and the machine tool spindle are sequentially connected, so that the control circuit of the measuring unit is switched on.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser-based on-machine measuring method, which is implemented by using the above laser-based on-machine measuring apparatus, and includes the steps of:
(1) after a certain part of the workpiece is machined, controlling the main shaft of the machine tool to reset;
(2) taking down a machining tool on a main shaft of a machine tool, and replacing the machining tool with an on-machine measuring device;
(3) judging whether the adjusting component needs to be adjusted according to the measurement requirement; if not, directly carrying out the next step; if necessary, firstly controlling a locking component to unlock the adjusting component, then adjusting the measuring unit to a corresponding angle, and finally controlling the locking component to lock the adjusting component;
(4) and controlling the main shaft of the machine tool to travel according to a preset traveling path, correspondingly opening the measuring unit, and completing the measurement of the corresponding part of the workpiece through the measuring unit.
The above-described improved technical features may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the laser-based on-machine measuring device, the measuring connecting assembly, the adjusting assembly, the measuring unit, the main shaft connecting assembly and other components are correspondingly arranged and correspondingly matched, so that the on-machine measuring device can be correspondingly assembled and correspondingly mounted on a main shaft of a machine tool, the on-machine measurement of a certain part of a machined workpiece at the machining position of the machine tool can be accurately realized, the workpiece is prevented from being taken down and secondarily clamped, the measuring precision and the efficiency of the workpiece are improved, the subsequent machining of the workpiece is guaranteed, the machining and measuring cost of the workpiece is reduced, and the machining consistency and the machining accuracy of all parts of the workpiece are guaranteed;
(2) according to the laser-based on-machine measuring device, the reliable setting, rotation and locking of the measuring unit can be accurately realized through the corresponding arrangement of the components such as the indexing shaft and the rolling bearing in the adjusting component and the corresponding combination of the structures such as the jacking shaft, the spring and the pressing block in the locking component, the adjustment of the whole process is convenient, the adjustment and locking precision and reliability of the measuring unit can be ensured, the accuracy of workpiece measurement is further ensured, and the existence of measurement errors is reduced;
(3) the laser-based on-machine measuring device is composed of a main shaft connecting assembly and a measuring connecting assembly which are preferably arranged, and the taper shank shaft, the adaptor, the shank blind rivet, the measuring shank and other parts are arranged in a matching manner, so that the corresponding arrangement of the on-machine measuring device on the main shaft of the machine tool is effectively realized, the reliable matching of the measuring device and the existing machine tool machining structure is realized, a corresponding measuring device is not required to be additionally arranged, the on-machine measuring equipment cost of a workpiece is reduced, and the machining cost of the workpiece is further reduced; meanwhile, the structure of the measuring knife handle is correspondingly changed, so that the measuring knife handle can be accurately compatible with the main shafts of a BT machine tool, an SK machine tool and an HSK machine tool, the whole measuring device has strong compatibility,
(4) the laser-based on-machine measuring device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenience and rapidness in measuring method, can effectively realize on-machine measurement after a certain part of a workpiece is processed, avoids repeated disassembly and assembly of the workpiece, improves the efficiency and precision of workpiece measurement, provides guarantee for the precision of subsequent processing of the workpiece, reduces the cost of workpiece processing, and has better application prospect and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an on-machine measuring device based on laser in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of an on-machine measurement device based on a laser in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of an on-machine measurement device based on a laser in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of measurements taken at a workpiece processing site by an on-machine measurement device in an embodiment of the invention;
in all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1. the device comprises a taper shank shaft, 2. an adapter, 3. a limiting shaft, 4. an end cover, 5. a rolling bearing, 6. a nut, 7. an indexing shaft, 8. an installation plate, 9. a handle, 10. a pressing block, 11. a spring, 12. a jacking shaft, 13. a shaft sleeve, 14. a tool shank blind rivet, 15. a measuring tool shank, 16. a laser measuring head, 17. a machine tool workbench, 18. a workpiece, 19. a first connecting contact head, 20. a connecting contact rod, 21. a second connecting contact head and 22. a machine tool spindle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 to 4, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser-based on-machine measuring apparatus includes a measuring connection assembly, an adjusting assembly, a measuring unit, and a spindle connection assembly, wherein one end of the measuring connection assembly is connected to the spindle connection assembly, and the other end is used for implementing installation of the adjusting assembly; the adjusting component is correspondingly installed with the measuring unit and used for realizing the corresponding adjustment of the measuring unit; the measuring unit is a laser measuring head 16 and is used for realizing scanning measurement of a workpiece 18; the spindle connecting assembly is used for connecting a machine tool spindle 22, and is used for realizing the motion of the measuring unit and the machine tool spindle 22 and realizing the corresponding detection of the workpiece 18.
Specifically, the spindle connection assembly in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a shank rivet 14 and a measuring shank 15, wherein one end of the measuring shank 15 is a conical structure, as shown in fig. 1, and a mounting through hole is opened in the middle of the measuring shank 15 along an axis for mounting related components. Correspondingly, the shank rivet 14 is coaxially installed in the installation through hole, a through hole communicated with the installation through hole is formed in the middle of the shank rivet 14, and the shank rivet 14 is arranged at one end of the measuring shank 15 with a smaller outer diameter, as shown in fig. 2 and 4. In the preferred embodiment, the measuring tool shank 15 can be a BT tool shank, an SK tool shank or an HSK tool shank, and the corresponding selection of the structure of the measuring tool shank 15 can effectively apply to a BT machine tool, an SK machine tool or an HSK machine tool, thereby greatly improving the compatibility of the on-machine measuring device.
In addition, the arrangement of the measuring tool shank 15 corresponds to the machine tool spindle 22, namely, a mounting hole is formed in the machine tool spindle 22 corresponding to the measuring tool shank 15, the tool shank blind rivet 14 and the conical end of the measuring tool shank 15 are coaxially embedded into the mounting hole of the machine tool spindle 22, and the measuring tool shank 15 can be stably sucked on the machine tool spindle 22 through a cylinder, an oil cylinder and other parts. Further, the machine tool spindle 22 in the preferred embodiment is used for mounting a machining tool in practical application, in this case, it is not difficult to find that the measuring device and the machining tool in the preferred embodiment of the present invention can be mounted coaxially (not both are mounted coaxially at the same time, but they can be mounted on the same machine tool spindle), so that after the machining tool completes machining a certain part of a workpiece, the machining tool can be correspondingly replaced with the measuring device, so as to achieve whether the machining precision of the machined part meets the actual requirement, so as to adjust the subsequent machining process in time.
Further, the measuring attachment assembly in the preferred embodiment is attached to the end of the measuring shank 15 facing away from the shank rivet 14, and includes a taper shank shaft 1 and a connector 2 as shown in FIG. 2. The taper shank shaft 1 in the preferred embodiment is a mode taper shank shaft, one end of the mode taper shank shaft is connected with the connecting piece 2, and the other end of the mode taper shank shaft coaxially extends into the mounting through hole of the measuring tool handle 15 and is correspondingly connected with the mounting through hole. Meanwhile, the connecting piece 2 in the preferred embodiment is of an inverted-L-shaped plate-shaped structure, and comprises a first support plate and a second support plate, wherein the first support plate is arranged in the horizontal direction, the second support plate is arranged in the vertical direction, the top of the second support plate is fixed on the bottom surface of the first support plate, and the first support plate and the second support plate are preferably integrally formed; accordingly, the taper shank 1 is fixedly connected to the top side of the first strip, as shown in fig. 2.
Furthermore, a stepped mounting hole penetrating through the two end faces is formed in the second support plate along the horizontal direction, and the stepped mounting hole comprises a large hole and a small hole which are coaxially formed and used for correspondingly mounting the adjusting assembly. The adjustment assembly in the preferred embodiment comprises an indexing shaft 7 as shown in fig. 2 and a locking member arranged in correspondence with the indexing shaft 7. In a preferred embodiment, the indexing shaft 7 comprises a rotating shaft arranged horizontally and a circular turntable coaxially arranged on the periphery of one end of the rotating shaft, and the turntable is correspondingly embedded in a large hole of the stepped mounting hole and can limit and rotate in the large hole by a shaft sleeve; the other end of the rotating shaft coaxially penetrates through the small hole of the stepped mounting hole, a rolling bearing is sleeved on the periphery of the penetrating end of the rotating shaft, and a nut is arranged at the end of the penetrating part, as shown in fig. 2, so that the corresponding mounting of the indexing shaft 7 on the second support plate can be correspondingly realized. Furthermore, an end cap 4 is provided on the side of the second support facing away from the large opening, for enclosing components such as a nut 6, a roller bearing 5, etc.
Further, a mounting plate 8 in a plate-shaped structure is arranged on one side, close to the large hole, of the second support plate and used for mounting the measuring unit, the mounting plate is parallel to the plate surface of the second support plate, the mounting plate 8 is vertically arranged, and one side of the second support plate is correspondingly connected with the indexing shaft. Specifically, in order to mount the mounting plate 8, one end of the rotating shaft protrudes out of the end surface of the turntable for corresponding connection with the mounting plate 8, and accordingly, the laser probe 16 is mounted on the end surface of the mounting plate 8 on the side away from the indexing shaft 7, and the two are correspondingly connected through a connecting member such as a connecting screw or a connecting bolt.
Further, the outer periphery of the turntable is provided with limiting grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the limiting grooves are preferably arranged at equal intervals, and the central angle between two adjacent limiting grooves is 15 °, 30 °, 45 ° or 60 °. Of course, the central angle between two adjacent limiting grooves may be other angles than the above-mentioned angle, and the central angles between two adjacent limiting grooves may be equal or different, which may be preferred according to actual needs.
Furthermore, a locking component is arranged corresponding to the limiting groove, is arranged on the side wall surface of the second support plate, and preferably comprises a jacking shaft 12, a spring 11, a pressing block 10 and a handle 9 which are arranged along the radial direction of the turntable. The jacking shaft 12 is a stepped shaft as shown in fig. 3, one end of the jacking shaft is a matching end arranged corresponding to the limiting groove, a circular ring structure (also called as a ring platform) is arranged on the periphery close to the matching end, correspondingly, a stepped hole is radially formed in the side wall surface of the second support plate along the rotary plate, the inner diameter of the stepped hole is large outside and small inside, namely the inner diameter of the stepped hole close to one side of the rotary plate is small, so that the matching end of the jacking shaft 12 can just penetrate through the stepped shaft, and the stepped shaft is in limited abutting connection with the annular stepped surface of the stepped hole through the circular ring structure. Further, from interior to exterior in proper order on the periphery of top mandril 12 the cover be equipped with spring 11 and briquetting 10 to the tip that deviates from the matching end at top mandril 12 is provided with the handle, and the both ends of spring 11 butt ring structure and the terminal surface of briquetting 10 respectively, and briquetting 10 can just mately connect at the tip of shoulder hole, be about to spring 11 encapsulation in the shoulder hole. In actual arrangement, when the matching end of the tightening shaft 12 matches the limit recess, the spring 11 is just in a free state or a pre-compressed state, actually a compressed state.
Through the setting, can effectively realize the fixed of graduation axle 7 position, when graduation axle 7 need rotate, only need through pulling handle 9 for the outside motion of top mandril 12 breaks away from the locking to the carousel, later the carousel alright correspond the rotation. After the rotation is in place, the handle 9 is loosened, the jacking shaft 12 can move from outside to inside under the action of the spring 11, and then the corresponding limiting groove is jacked tightly by the matching end, so that the locking of the indexing shaft 7 at the corresponding angle is realized, namely the locking of the laser measuring head 16 at the corresponding measuring angle is realized.
Preferably, in order to ensure the accuracy of the control of the rotation position of the laser measuring head 16, a plurality of limiting shafts 3, for example, two limiting shafts arranged side by side in the preferred embodiment, are arranged at intervals on the top of the second support plate for limiting the rotation of the laser measuring head 16 and preventing the laser measuring head 16 from rotating to a position abutting against the bottom surface of the first support plate. In actual setting, the position of the laser measuring head 16 vertically facing the bottom is 0 degree, the counterclockwise rotation angle is positive, and the clockwise rotation angle is negative, so that the actual adjustable angle range of the laser measuring head 16 is-90 degrees to +90 degrees, that is, the laser measuring head 16 can adjust the angle within 180 degrees, as shown in fig. 1.
It is further preferred that the control cable corresponding to the measuring head is provided with a first connection contact 19 on the first support plate, and is provided with a connection contact rod 20 corresponding thereto, the connection contact rod 20 is vertically arranged, and one end of the connection contact rod is fixedly connected with the first connection contact 19. Meanwhile, a second connecting contact 21 is arranged at a corresponding position of the machine tool spindle 22, and after the adapter 2 is connected with the machine tool spindle 22 through the taper shank shaft 1 and the measuring tool shank 15 in a matching mode, the other end of the connecting contact rod 20 can just abut against and match the second connecting contact 21, communication of a control circuit of the laser measuring head 16 is achieved, and then the laser measuring head 16 can start to work. It should be understood, however, that the arrangement of the control circuit of the laser probe 16 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be in another embodiment, such as a wireless control, according to actual needs.
Through the arrangement of the structures, the laser measurement of the workpiece can be effectively realized, and before the laser measurement is carried out, the rotating position of the indexing shaft 7 can be preferably set according to the measurement requirement, namely the deflection angle of the measurement laser emitted by the laser measuring head 16 is adjusted. Meanwhile, the measurement process of the laser measuring head 16 can be calibrated in advance according to actual needs, a standard part is fixed on the machine tool workbench 17 during calibration, and the horizontal distance between the axis of the machine tool spindle 22 and a workpiece is constant by controlling the fixed speed of the movement of the machine tool spindle 22 and the fixed initial position of the machine tool spindle 22, so that the time required from the start of the laser measuring head 16 to the stable measurement can be correspondingly calibrated. By using the method, the stable measurement time of the laser measuring head 16 at each indexing position of the indexing shaft 7 can be calibrated, so that the accuracy and the stability of the measurement result are ensured, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the step of performing the measurement of the corresponding portion of the workpiece by using the on-machine measuring device comprises:
(1) after a certain part of the workpiece 18 is machined, controlling the main shaft 22 of the machine tool to reset;
(2) taking down the machining tool on the machine tool spindle 22, and correspondingly replacing the assembled on-machine measuring device, wherein the on-machine measuring device is connected to the machine tool spindle 22 through a tool shank blind rivet 14 and a measuring tool shank 15;
(3) judging whether the adjusting component needs to be adjusted according to the actual measurement requirement; if not, directly carrying out the next step; if necessary, the jacking shaft 12 is controlled to unlock the indexing shaft 7, namely the jacking shaft 12 is pulled away from the indexing shaft 7 by pulling the handle 9, then the indexing shaft 7 is controlled to rotate, so that the laser measuring head 16 rotates to a corresponding angle, and finally the handle 9 is loosened, so that the jacking shaft 12 can jack up a corresponding limiting groove on the periphery of a turntable of the indexing shaft 7 under the restoring force of the spring 11, and the indexing shaft 7 and the laser measuring head 16 are locked;
(4) controlling the machine tool spindle 22 to travel according to a preset traveling path, correspondingly opening the laser measuring head 16, and judging whether the machining precision of a certain part of the workpiece 18 meets the actual requirement through the corresponding measurement of the laser measuring head 16 so as to guide the next machining of the workpiece;
(5) and (3) resetting the machine tool spindle 22, taking down the on-machine measuring device, replacing the corresponding machining tool with the machining tool to machine the corresponding position on the workpiece 18, and after machining is finished, performing the measuring processes in the steps (1) to (4) to finish machining and measuring each position of the workpiece 18.
The laser-based on-machine measuring device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and simple and convenient to set, can accurately realize on-machine measurement after a workpiece is machined, does not need to be clamped for the second time after the workpiece is taken down from a machining position, only needs to correspondingly replace a machining cutter on a main shaft of a machine tool with a measuring device, is simple and convenient in the whole process, can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection, avoids the defects existing in the setting process of a traditional contact type measuring tool, can realize line scanning or surface scanning by combining the characteristics of a laser measuring head, greatly enriches the measuring form, and has better application prospect and popularization value.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The laser-based on-machine measuring device is characterized in that the measuring device can be coaxially arranged at the position of a machine tool spindle where a machining tool is arranged, and comprises a measuring and connecting assembly, an adjusting assembly, a measuring unit and a spindle connecting assembly;
the main shaft connecting assembly comprises a tool shank blind rivet and a measuring tool shank; the measuring tool handle is used for connecting the machine tool spindle, so that the spindle connecting assembly can move along a specific measuring path along with the machine tool spindle; the middle part of the measuring knife handle is provided with a mounting hole along the axial direction; the tool holder blind rivet is coaxially arranged in a mounting hole at one end of the measuring tool holder, which is connected with a main shaft of the machine tool in a matching way;
the adjusting assembly is arranged at one end of the measuring connecting assembly, and the other end of the measuring connecting assembly is connected with the main shaft connecting assembly;
the measuring unit is a laser measuring head, is connected with the adjusting component in a matching way and can rotate within a certain angle range under the adjustment of the adjusting component so as to correspondingly adjust the deflection angle of the measuring laser emitted by the laser measuring head relative to the axis of the machine tool spindle; meanwhile, a locking component is arranged corresponding to the adjusting component, and can unlock the adjusting component when the angle of the adjusting component needs to be adjusted and lock the adjusting component after the adjusting component is adjusted in place;
the measuring connecting assembly is connected to one end, away from the tool holder blind rivet, of the measuring tool holder and comprises a taper shank shaft and an adapter piece; one end of the taper shank shaft is connected in the mounting hole in a matching manner, and the other end of the taper shank shaft is correspondingly connected to the adapter; the adapter is of an inverted L-shaped plate-shaped structure and comprises a first support plate and a second support plate, wherein the first support plate is horizontally arranged, the second support plate is vertically arranged, the taper shank shaft is connected to the top surface of the first support plate, and one end of the second support plate is connected to the bottom surface of the first support plate; the adjustment assembly and the locking member are disposed on the second fulcrum; the top of the end face of one side of the second support plate, which is connected with the measuring unit, is provided with a plurality of limiting shafts for limiting the rotation of the measuring unit;
a first connecting contact head is arranged on the top surface of the first support plate, a connecting contact rod is arranged corresponding to the first connecting contact head, and a second connecting contact head is arranged on the end surface of the machine tool spindle; the first connection contact is electrically connected with the measuring unit; the connecting feeler lever extends vertically, one end of the connecting feeler lever is connected to the first connecting contact, and the other end of the connecting feeler lever is abutted to the second connecting contact after the adjusting assembly, the spindle connecting assembly and the machine tool spindle are sequentially connected, so that the control circuit of the measuring unit is switched on.
2. The laser-based on-machine measuring device of claim 1, wherein the adjustment assembly comprises an indexing shaft having a rotating shaft and a rotating disc; the turntable is coaxially arranged on the periphery of the rotating shaft and can synchronously rotate along with the rotating shaft;
correspond the graduated shaft is in it has seted up the ladder through-hole to measure on the coupling assembling, the carousel holding is in the macropore of this ladder through-hole, the one end of pivot is passed the aperture of this ladder through-hole and is equipped with antifriction bearing at the spacing matching of tip, and the other end of this pivot passes through the mounting panel and connects the laser gauge head.
3. The laser-based on-machine measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the outer peripheral ring of the turntable is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves at intervals upwards; the locking parts can be matched and embedded into or separated from the corresponding limiting grooves so as to realize locking or unlocking of the rotary disc;
the limiting grooves are arranged at equal intervals, and the central angle clamped between every two adjacent limiting grooves is 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees.
4. The laser-based on-machine measurement device of claim 3, wherein the locking component comprises a jacking shaft, a spring, and a press block;
one end of the jacking shaft is a matching end and is used for being matched and embedded into the limiting groove; a ring platform is arranged on the periphery of the jacking shaft close to the end part of the matching end along the annular direction; the spring is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the jacking shaft, one end of the spring is abutted against one side of the ring platform, which is far away from the matching end, and the other end of the spring is sleeved on the end face of the pressing block on the periphery of the jacking shaft in a matching abutting manner;
correspondingly, a stepped hole radially penetrating through a large hole of the stepped through hole is formed in the measuring and connecting assembly, and the inner diameter of one end, close to the stepped through hole, of the stepped hole is smaller than that of the other end of the stepped hole, so that the matching end can extend out of the stepped hole and abut against an annular step of the stepped hole in a limiting manner through an annular table; and the pressing block can be connected to the end part of the stepped hole in a matching manner, and the spring is limited and packaged in the stepped hole.
5. The laser-based on-machine measuring device according to claim 4, wherein a handle is provided at an end of the tightening shaft for pulling the tightening shaft and unlocking the tightening shaft from the turntable.
6. A laser-based on-machine measuring method, which is realized by using the laser-based on-machine measuring device of any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following steps:
(1) after a certain part of the workpiece is machined, controlling the main shaft of the machine tool to reset;
(2) taking down a machining tool on a main shaft of a machine tool, and replacing the machining tool with an on-machine measuring device;
(3) judging whether the adjusting component needs to be adjusted according to the measurement requirement; if not, directly carrying out the next step; if necessary, firstly controlling a locking component to unlock the adjusting component, then adjusting the measuring unit to a corresponding angle, and finally controlling the locking component to lock the adjusting component;
(4) and controlling the main shaft of the machine tool to travel according to a preset traveling path, correspondingly opening the measuring unit, and completing the measurement of the corresponding part of the workpiece through the measuring unit.
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| CN113770810A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Probe posture adjusting auxiliary device for on-machine measurement and using method thereof |
| CN113970293B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2024-01-05 | 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 | Accurate on-machine measurement method and system for point laser |
| CN114322763B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-09-26 | 科德数控股份有限公司 | Laser correction method |
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