CN111706618B - Method for measuring pre-tightening of roller path by using resistance model of hub bearing unit - Google Patents

Method for measuring pre-tightening of roller path by using resistance model of hub bearing unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111706618B
CN111706618B CN202010441319.3A CN202010441319A CN111706618B CN 111706618 B CN111706618 B CN 111706618B CN 202010441319 A CN202010441319 A CN 202010441319A CN 111706618 B CN111706618 B CN 111706618B
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row
rolling bodies
resistance
tightening
contact
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CN111706618A (en
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黄德杰
陈伟军
周旭
汪峰
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Wanxiang Precision Industry Jiangsu Co ltd
Wanxiang Group Corp
Zhejiang Wanxiang Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Wanxiang Precision Industry Jiangsu Co ltd
Wanxiang Group Corp
Zhejiang Wanxiang Precision Industry Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00—Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring pre-tightening of a raceway by a hub bearing unit resistance model, which mainly comprises the steps of carrying out resistance transformation on metal parts of a hub bearing, networking of resistance parts, circuit construction, and calculating resistance according to the condition that the pre-tightening state influences contact ellipses of an inner row of rolling elements and an outer row of rolling elements and further influences contact areas. According to the invention, a brand-new resistance model is established by analyzing the part characteristics of the hub bearing unit, so that the contact state of the raceway of the hub bearing unit is represented, and the pre-tightening degree of the raceway of the hub bearing unit is further measured and evaluated; nondestructive measurement is carried out, the pre-tightening degree of the raceway can be effectively measured, and therefore important support is provided for controlling the pre-tightening force of the raceway of the hub bearing; the pre-tightening degree of the roller path can be measured efficiently in a short time, and the process detection requirement of the hub bearing batch production is met.

Description

Method for measuring pre-tightening of roller path by using resistance model of hub bearing unit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hub bearings, in particular to a method for measuring pre-tightening of a raceway by using a hub bearing unit resistance model.
Background
The resistance model is formed by making each part into resistance and establishing the resistance model according to the structural characteristics of the part. The pre-tightening degree of the roller path of the hub bearing unit determines the performance of the hub bearing unit in various aspects including rotation precision, fatigue life, friction torque, impact resistance and the like, and the accurate measurement and control of the pre-tightening degree of the roller path of the hub bearing unit are very important. The hub bearing unit adopts pre-loaded axial deformation to realize pre-loading of the raceway, the pre-loading degree of the raceway depends on the contact state of the raceway and the rolling body, the current indexes representing the contact state of the raceway comprise friction torque, axial rigidity, natural frequency and the like, and the error in engineering application is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for measuring the pre-tightening of a raceway by using a resistance model of a hub bearing unit.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: the method for measuring the pre-tightening of the raceway by using the resistance model of the hub bearing unit mainly comprises the following steps:
1) the metal parts of the hub bearing are subjected to electric resistance, and the corresponding name of the electric resistance of each part is as follows:
part name: inner circle (1) - -resistance sign: ri;
inner row rolling elements (2) -Ri1, Ri2, Ri3 … … Rin, wherein a plurality of inner row rolling elements (2) are arranged in each row, and the number of the inner row rolling elements is n;
outer lane (3) - -Ro;
outer row rolling elements (4) -Ro1, Ro2, Ro3 … … Ron, there being a plurality of outer row rolling elements (4) per row, set to n;
flange (5) - -Rf;
2) networking of the resistance parts:
the inner row of rolling bodies are n to form n nodes which are respectively butted with the roller path of the inner ring and the roller path of the outer ring and are connected in parallel to form a combined resistor:
Figure BDA0002504265320000011
the outer row of rolling bodies are n, form n nodes, are respectively butted with the raceway of the outer ring and the raceway of the flange, and are also connected in parallel to form a combined resistor which is:
Figure BDA0002504265320000012
the inner row of rolling bodies, the outer ring and the outer row of rolling bodies are combined to form a series resistor:
Figure BDA0002504265320000013
the inner row of rolling bodies, the outer ring, the outer row of rolling bodies, the flange and the inner ring are combined to form a series-parallel resistance network, and the series-parallel resistance network is defined as the total resistance:
Figure BDA0002504265320000021
3) circuit construction: the three hardware introduced externally are respectively a voltage device U, an ammeter A and a switch K, the voltage device U is used for leading out electric charges from a positive electrode, a lead is connected to the end part of an inner ring part, and the electric charges flow in from the end part of the inner ring part towards two directions of an inner row of rolling bodies and a flange to form a branch A and a branch B: the branch A flows through the outer ring and then flows into the outer row of rolling bodies through the outer ring, the branch B flows through the flange, the branch A and the branch B are finally converged in the flange, the converged charge flows into an ammeter A, the current value of the whole circuit is measured, and the current further flows through a circuit trunk switch and then reaches the negative electrode of a voltage device U; so far, the total current of the circuit is calculated as:
Figure BDA0002504265320000022
4) and (3) calculating the resistance according to the condition that the pre-tightening state influences the contact ellipses of the inner row of rolling bodies and the outer row of rolling bodies and further influences the contact area: the contact of the small roller path in a pre-tightening state is I contact, and the contact states of the inner row of rolling bodies and the outer ring roller path, the inner row of rolling bodies and the inner ring roller path, the outer row of rolling bodies and the outer ring roller path and the outer row of rolling bodies and the flange roller path are small oval contact; the contact of the inner row of rolling bodies with the outer ring raceway, the inner row of rolling bodies with the inner ring raceway, the outer row of rolling bodies with the outer ring raceway and the outer row of rolling bodies with the flange raceway is in large elliptic contact;
the adopted bearing materials are all the same metal materials, the resistivity is rho, the length of the current flowing direction is L and is approximately equal to the diameters of the inner row of rolling bodies and the outer row of rolling bodies, the cross sections of the inner row of rolling bodies and the outer row of rolling bodies which are taken as conductors are changed along with the axial pre-tightening degree, and the cross section in a non-pre-tightening state is S(0)Cross sectional area in a small pre-tightening state is SminThe cross-sectional area in the large pre-tightening state is Smax：
S0＝0
Smin＝πaminbmin
Smax＝πamaxbmax
In the formula, a and b are respectively a major semi-axis and a minor semi-axis of the contact ellipse.
The resistance of the individual inner and outer rows of rolling elements in the non-prestressed state is RoThe resistance of the single inner row rolling body and the single outer row rolling body in a small pre-tightening state is RminThe resistance of the single inner row rolling body and the single outer row rolling body in the large pre-tightening state is Rmax：
Ro＝∞
Rmin＝ρL/(πaminbmin)
Rmax＝ρL/(πamaxbmax)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a brand-new resistance model is established by analyzing the part characteristics of the hub bearing unit, so that the contact state of the raceway of the hub bearing unit is represented, and the pre-tightening degree of the raceway of the hub bearing unit is further measured and evaluated; nondestructive measurement is carried out, the pre-tightening degree of the raceway can be effectively measured, and therefore important support is provided for controlling the pre-tightening force of the raceway of the hub bearing; the pre-tightening degree of the roller path can be measured efficiently in a short time, and the process detection requirement of the hub bearing batch production is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hub bearing unit.
FIG. 2 is a resistance model conversion chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a current flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a contact ellipse of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of measured current and raceway preload for an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: the inner ring 1, the inner row of rolling bodies 2, the outer ring 3, the outer row of rolling bodies 4 and the flange 5.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
as shown in the attached drawings, the method for measuring the pre-tightening of the raceway by using the resistance model of the hub bearing unit mainly comprises the following steps:
1) the metal parts of the hub bearing are subjected to electric resistance, and the corresponding name of the electric resistance of each part is as follows:
name of part Resistance symbol Remarks for note
Inner ring 1 Ri
Inner row rolling elements 2 Ri1，Ri2，Ri3……Rin A plurality of rolling elements, n for each row
Outer ring 3 Ro
Outer row of rolling elements 4 Ro1，Ro2，Ro3……Ron A plurality of rolling elements, n for each row
Flange 5 Rf
2) Networking of the resistance parts:
the inner row of rolling bodies 2 are n, form n nodes, are respectively butted with the roller path of the inner ring 1 and the roller path of the outer ring 3, and are connected in parallel to form a combined resistor:
Figure BDA0002504265320000031
the outer row of rolling bodies 4 are n, form n nodes, are respectively butted with the raceway of the outer ring 3 and the raceway of the flange 5, and are also connected in parallel to form a combined resistor:
Figure BDA0002504265320000041
the inner row of rolling bodies 2, the outer ring 3 and the outer row of rolling bodies 4 are combined to form a series resistor:
Figure BDA0002504265320000042
the inner row of rolling bodies 2, the outer ring 3, the outer row of rolling bodies 4, the flange 5 and the inner ring 1 are combined to form a series-parallel resistance network, which is defined as the total resistance:
Figure BDA0002504265320000043
3) circuit construction: three hardware are externally introduced, namely a voltage device U, an ammeter A and a switch K, wherein the voltage device U is used for leading out electric charges from a positive electrode, a lead is connected to the end part of a part of an inner ring 1, and the electric charges flow into the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and a flange 5 from the end part of the inner ring 1 to form a branch A and a branch B: the branch A flows through the outer ring 3, flows into the outer row of rolling bodies 4 through the outer ring 3, the branch B flows through the flange 5, the branch A and the branch B are finally converged in the flange 5, the converged charges flow into the ammeter A, the current value of the whole circuit is measured, the current further flows through the circuit trunk switch, and then the current reaches the negative electrode of the voltage device U; so far, the total current of the circuit is calculated as:
Figure BDA0002504265320000044
4) and (3) calculating the resistance according to the condition that the pre-tightening state influences the contact ellipse of the inner row rolling body 2 and the outer row rolling body 4 and further influences the contact area: the contact of the small roller paths in a pre-tightening state is I contact, at the moment, the contact ellipse of the rolling bodies and the roller paths is a small ellipse, and the contact states of the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the roller paths of the outer ring 3, the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the roller paths of the inner ring 1, the outer row of rolling bodies 4 and the roller paths of the outer ring 3 and the outer row of rolling bodies 4 and the roller paths of the flange 5 are small ellipse contacts; the contact of the large roller path in a pre-tightening state is II contact, at the moment, the contact ellipse of the rolling bodies and the roller path is a large ellipse, and the contact states of the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the roller path of the outer ring 3, the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the roller path of the inner ring 1, the outer row of rolling bodies 4 and the roller path of the outer ring 3 and the outer row of rolling bodies 4 and the roller path of the flange 5 are large ellipse contact.
The adopted bearing materials are all the same metal materials, the resistivity is rho, the length of the current flowing direction is L, the value is approximately equal to the diameter of the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the outer row of rolling bodies 4, the cross sections of the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the outer row of rolling bodies 4 serving as conductors are changed along with the axial pre-tightening degree, and the cross sections of the inner row of rolling bodies 2 and the outer row of rolling bodies 4 in a non-pre-tightening state are changed along with the axial pre-tightening degreeCross sectional area S0Cross sectional area in a small pre-tightening state is SminThe cross-sectional area in the large pre-tightening state is Smax：
S0＝0
Smin＝πaminbmin
Smax＝πamaxbmax
In the formula, a and b are respectively a major semi-axis and a minor semi-axis of the contact ellipse.
It follows that the individual inner rows of rolling elements 2 and outer rows of rolling elements 4 in the non-prestressed state have a resistance RoThe resistance of the individual inner row of rolling elements 2 and the outer row of rolling elements 4 in the low-preload state is RminThe resistance of the individual inner row of rolling elements 2 and the outer row of rolling elements 4 in the greatly prestressed state is RmaxIt can be expressed by the following formula:
Roinfinity (infinity, or nonconducting)
Rmin＝ρL/(πaminbmin)
Rmax＝ρL/(πamaxbmax)
An application case of the invention is as follows:
1) single row rolling element resistance calculation
Metal resistivity:
ρ＝1×10-4Ωmm
length:
L＝11.1125mm
contact ellipse major and minor semi-axes:
a0＝0，b0＝0
amin＝1.35mm，bmin＝0.23mm
amax＝2.91mm，bmax＝0.49mm
area of contact ellipse:
S0＝0
Smin＝0.9755mm2
Smax＝4.4796mm2
and (3) resistance calculation:
Ro1infinity (infinity, or nonconducting)
Rmin1＝7.5947×10-5Ω
Rmax1＝1.6537×10-5Ω
2) Calculating the total resistance:
inner ring 1 is fixed in resistance:
Ri＝6×10-5Ω
and (3) fixing the outer ring with a resistor:
Ro＝5×10-5Ω
and (3) fixing the flange 4 by resistance:
Rf＝9×10-5Ω
the total resistance calculation results are as follows:
in a non-pretightening contact state: roz＝1.5×10-4Ω
Under the contact state of small pretightening and small ellipse: rminz＝1.22×10-4Ω
Under the large pre-tightening large ellipse contact state: rmaxz＝1.03×10-4Ω
3) The starting voltage:
sensitive micro-voltage device started by external device
U＝0.01V
4) And (3) current calculation:
the current value obtained by the current in the non-pretightening contact state is as follows:
Io＝66.7A
the current value obtained by the current under the small pre-tightening small oval contact state is as follows:
Imin＝81.8A
the current value obtained by the current under the large pre-tightening large ellipse contact state is as follows:
Imax＝96.9A
5) evaluation of degree of preload of raceway
Through the current result measured by the introduced ammeter, the relationship between the pre-tightening degree of the roller path and the current can be obtained, as shown in the following table:
status of state Corresponding roller way pretension load (N) Corresponding measuring current (A)
Non-pretightening and non-contact 0 66.7
Small pre-tightening small contact ellipse 3000 81.8
Big pre-tightening big contact ellipse 9000 96.9
Therefore, the correlation between the pre-tightening degree of the roller path and the current can be obtained, and the method is used for detecting and evaluating the pre-tightening degree or the negative play of the roller path of the hub bearing.
It should be understood that equivalent substitutions and changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be made by those skilled in the art to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A method for measuring pre-tightening of a raceway by a hub bearing unit resistance model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) the metal parts of the hub bearing are subjected to electric resistance, and the corresponding name of the electric resistance of each part is as follows:
part name: inner circle (1) - -resistance sign: ri;
inner row rolling elements (2) -Ri1, Ri2, Ri3 … … Rin, wherein a plurality of inner row rolling elements (2) are arranged in each row, and the number of the inner row rolling elements is n;
outer lane (3) - -Ro;
outer row rolling elements (4) -Ro1, Ro2, Ro3 … … Ron, there being a plurality of outer row rolling elements (4) per row, set to n;
flange (5) - -Rf;
2) networking of the resistance parts:
the inner row of rolling bodies (2) are n, form n nodes, are respectively butted with the raceway of the inner ring (1) and the raceway of the outer ring (3), and are connected in parallel to form a combined resistor, wherein the combined resistor is as follows:
Figure FDA0002504265310000011
the outer row of rolling bodies (4) is provided with n rolling elements to form n nodes, which are respectively butted with the raceway of the outer ring (3) and the raceway of the flange (5) and are also connected in parallel to form a combined resistor:
Figure FDA0002504265310000012
the inner row of rolling bodies (2), the outer ring (3) and the outer row of rolling bodies (4) are combined to form a series resistor:
Figure FDA0002504265310000013
the inner row of rolling bodies (2), the outer ring (3), the outer row of rolling bodies (4), the flange (5) and the inner ring (1) are combined to form a series-parallel resistance network, and the total resistance is defined as:
Figure FDA0002504265310000014
3) circuit construction: three hardware are externally introduced and are respectively a voltage device U, an ammeter A and a switch K, the voltage device U is used for leading out electric charges from a positive electrode, a lead is connected to the end part of an inner ring (1) part, the electric charges flow into the inner ring (1) part from the end part of the inner ring (1) part towards two directions of an inner row rolling body (2) and a flange (5), and an A branch and a B branch are formed: the branch A flows through the outer ring (3), flows into the outer row of rolling bodies (4) through the outer ring (3), the branch B flows through the flange (5), the branch A and the branch B are finally converged in the flange (5), the converged charges flow into the ammeter A, the current value of the whole circuit is measured, and the current value further flows through the circuit trunk switch and then reaches the negative electrode of the voltage device U; so far, the total current of the circuit is calculated as:
Figure FDA0002504265310000021
4) and calculating the resistance according to the condition that the pre-tightening state influences the contact ellipse of the inner row rolling body (2) and the outer row rolling body (4) and further influences the contact area: the contact of the small roller path in a pre-tightening state is I contact, and the contact states of the inner row rolling bodies (2) and the roller path of the outer ring (3), the inner row rolling bodies (2) and the roller path of the inner ring (1), the outer row rolling bodies (4) and the roller path of the outer ring (3) and the outer row rolling bodies (4) and the roller path of the flange (5) are small oval contact; the contact of the large roller path in a pre-tightening state is II contact, and the contact states of the inner row rolling bodies (2) and the roller path of the outer ring (3), the inner row rolling bodies (2) and the roller path of the inner ring (1), the outer row rolling bodies (4) and the roller path of the outer ring (3) and the outer row rolling bodies (4) and the roller path of the flange (5) are large oval contact;
the adopted bearing materials are all the same metal materials, the resistivity is rho, the length of the current flowing direction is L and is approximately equal to the diameters of the inner row of rolling bodies (2) and the outer row of rolling bodies (4), the cross sections of the inner row of rolling bodies (2) and the outer row of rolling bodies (4) serving as conductors are changed along with the axial pre-tightening degree, and the cross section in a non-pre-tightening state is S0Cross sectional area in a small pre-tightening state is SminThe cross-sectional area in the large pre-tightening state is Smax：
S0＝0
Smin＝πaminbmin
Smax＝πamaxbmax
In the formula, a and b are respectively a long semi-axis and a short semi-axis of a contact ellipse;
the resistance of the individual inner row of rolling elements (2) and the outer row of rolling elements (4) in the non-prestressed state is RoThe resistance of the single inner row rolling bodies (2) and the single outer row rolling bodies (4) in a small pre-tightening state is RminThe resistance of the single inner row rolling bodies (2) and the single outer row rolling bodies (4) in a large pre-tightening state is Rmax：
Ro＝∞
Rmin＝ρL/(πaminbmin)
Rmax＝ρL/(πamaxbmax)。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008180346A (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-08-07 Ntn Corp Wheel bearing with sensor
CN101598612A (en) * 2009-06-25 2009-12-09 韶关学院 The test macro of axial riveting force in wheel hub bearing riveting assembly and method of testing
CN106574657A (en) * 2014-07-16 2017-04-19 斯凯孚公司 Method for adjusting the bias in a bearing assembly and bearing assembly
CN109752124A (en) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-14 湖北新火炬科技有限公司 A kind of automobile hub bearing riveting pretightning force detection method
CN110132592A (en) * 2019-04-16 2019-08-16 上海交通大学 The effective prefastening load measurement method of assembly bearing

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