CN111702335B - Process method for welding 304 stainless steel plate - Google Patents

Process method for welding 304 stainless steel plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111702335B
CN111702335B CN202010507084.3A CN202010507084A CN111702335B CN 111702335 B CN111702335 B CN 111702335B CN 202010507084 A CN202010507084 A CN 202010507084A CN 111702335 B CN111702335 B CN 111702335B
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welding
stainless steel
laser
steel plate
parameters
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CN111702335A (en
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王泽龙
唐新新
刘正林
郑帮智
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Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
    • B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plate welding, and discloses a process method for welding a 304 stainless steel plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) processing the 304 stainless steel plate to obtain a 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove; (2) pretreating the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (1), and then fixing the plate on a device filled with protective gas; (3) adjusting the included angle between the laser emitted by the laser and the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (2) to be 70-90 degrees; (4) and sequentially carrying out backing welding and cover surface welding. The method is simple and easy to operate, has high production efficiency, reduces the heat input of the 304 stainless steel plate joint, reduces the hot crack sensitivity of the welding seam and greatly reduces the porosity of the welding seam through the coupling between the laser parameters and the gas metal arc welding parameters.

Description

Process method for welding 304 stainless steel plate
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plate welding, in particular to a process method for welding a 304 stainless steel plate.
Background
The 304 stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and better toughness, so the stainless steel is widely applied to the building industry, the automobile industry and daily life. At present, the welding method of the 304 stainless steel plate mainly adopts the traditional gas metal arc welding, although the internal quality of a welding seam can be ensured, the problems of large heat input quantity, more welding times, large heat affected zone, high hot crack sensitivity, low production efficiency and the like exist in a welding joint. The 304 stainless steel welded joint with small heat affected zone, small heat input and high production efficiency can be obtained by adopting the laser-arc hybrid welding method with high energy density, but the method adopting the laser-arc hybrid welding method is easy to generate air holes on the welding seam of the 304 stainless steel plate, so that the quality of the 304 stainless steel welded joint is reduced.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a research for reducing the porosity of the weld joint of the 304 stainless steel laser arc hybrid welding, to realize high-speed and high-efficiency production, and to finally obtain a high-quality welded joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low welding speed, large joint heat input, low production efficiency and the like of the traditional gas metal arc welding for welding 304 stainless steel and the problem that pores are easily generated in the welding seam of the 304 stainless steel plate by laser-arc hybrid welding, and provides a process method for welding the 304 stainless steel plate.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a process for welding 304 stainless steel plates, the process comprising the steps of:
(1) processing the 304 stainless steel plate to obtain a 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove;
(2) pretreating the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (1), and then fixing the plate on a device filled with protective gas;
(3) adjusting the included angle between the laser emitted by the laser and the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (2) to be 70-90 degrees;
(4) and sequentially carrying out backing welding and cover surface welding.
Preferably, in step (1), the Y-shaped groove includes a blunt edge and a double-bevel included angle; more preferably, the thickness of the truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 1-5mm, and the included angle of the double inclined surfaces of the Y-shaped groove is 30-60 degrees.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preprocessing step includes: and (3) removing oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate by using a reagent, and then removing oxidation films on two sides of the joint.
Preferably, in step (4), the specific steps of backing welding include: setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of backing welding, starting a laser to weld, and blowing protective gas to the front side and the back side of the weld.
Preferably, in step (4), the laser parameters of the backing weld are: the laser power is 4000-6000W, and the defocusing amount is-2 to +2 mm; the gas metal arc welding parameters of the bottoming welding are as follows: the spacing between the smooth wires is 0.5-2.5 mm, the welding speed is 30-40 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5-15 m/min, the welding current is 300-330A, and the welding voltage is 20-30V.
Preferably, in step (4), the cap surface welding comprises the following specific steps: cleaning metal dust of a backing weld, setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of cover welding, starting a laser to weld, and blowing protective gas to the front side and the back side of the weld.
Preferably, in step (4), the laser parameters of the facing welding are: the laser power is 700-900W, and the defocusing amount is-2 to +2 mm; the gas metal arc welding parameters of the cover surface welding are as follows: the spacing between the smooth wires is 0.5-2.5 mm, the welding speed is 10-20 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5-15 m/min, the welding current is 300-330A, and the welding voltage is 20-30V.
Preferably, in the backing welding or the facing welding, the shielding gas on the front side of the weld joint contains 96-99 wt% of Ar and 1-4 wt% of CO based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the shielding gas on the front side or the back side of the weld joint2The flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding line is 10-20L/min; the protective gas on the back of the welding line contains 100 wt% of Ar, and the flow of the protective gas on the back of the welding line is 2-10L/min.
Preferably, the diameter of a welding wire used for the bottoming welding and the cover surface welding is 1-1.5 mm.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a welded joint of 304 stainless steel welded by the above method.
The process method for welding the 304 stainless steel plate by the laser-arc hybrid welding has the advantages of simple process, easy operation and high production efficiency, reduces the heat input of the joint, reduces the hot crack sensitivity of the welding seam and greatly reduces the porosity of the welding seam by coupling the laser parameters and the gas metal arc welding parameters. Meanwhile, the 304 stainless steel welded joint welded by the method has good forming and near defect-free performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the bevel of a 304 stainless steel joint provided in examples 1-3 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray film of a 304 stainless steel weld joint provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a process method for welding a 304 stainless steel plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the 304 stainless steel plate to obtain a 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove;
(2) pretreating the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (1), and then fixing the plate on a device filled with protective gas;
(3) adjusting the included angle between the laser emitted by the laser and the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (2) to be 70-90 degrees;
(4) and sequentially carrying out backing welding and cover surface welding.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (1), there is no particular requirement for the method of machining the Y-groove, and the method may be a conventional machining method in the art. In a specific embodiment, the method for machining the Y-shaped groove may be a laser cutting method.
In the method, in the step (1), the Y-shaped groove comprises a truncated edge and a double-bevel included angle; preferably, the thickness of the truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 1-5mm, and the included angle of the double inclined surfaces of the Y-shaped groove is 30-60 degrees. Specifically, for example, the blunt edge thickness of the Y-groove may be 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5 mm. Specifically, the included angle of the double inclined planes of the Y-shaped groove may be 30 °, 35 °, 40 °, 45 °, 50 °, 55 ° or 60 ° (only 45 ° of the included angle of the double inclined planes is shown in fig. 1).
In the method of the present invention, when the truncated edge is a portion of the end surface of the 304 stainless steel plate that is not chamfered in the thickness direction of the 304 stainless steel plate.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (2), the pretreatment step includes: and (3) removing oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate by using a reagent, and then removing an oxidation film in a range of 25mm on two sides of the joint.
In the method of the invention, no special requirement is required for the selection of the reagent, and the reagent can be selected conventionally in the field as long as the oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate can be removed. In a specific embodiment, the reagent may be acetone.
In the method of the present invention, the method of removing the oxide film is not particularly required, and may be a method which is conventional in the art as long as the metallic luster is exposed. In a specific embodiment, the method of removing the oxide film may be a mechanical polishing method.
Preferably, in step (3), the angle between the laser emitted by the laser and the 304 stainless steel plate may be 70 °, 75 °, 80 °, 85 °, or 90 °.
In the method of the present invention, the laser is controlled to be tilted in the same direction as the welding direction, and the laser is not particularly limited and may be a conventional one in the art.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (4), the backing welding specifically includes: setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of backing welding, starting a laser to weld, and blowing protective gas to the front side and the back side of the weld.
In the method of the present invention, in step (4), the laser parameters of the backing weld are: the laser power is 4000-6000W, and the defocusing amount is-2 to +2 mm; specifically, the laser power may be 4000W, 4500W, 5000W, 5500W, or 6000W. Specifically, the defocus amount may be-2 mm, -1mm, 0mm, +1mm, or +2 mm.
The gas metal arc welding parameters of the bottoming welding are as follows: the spacing between the smooth wires is 0.5-2.5 mm, the welding speed is 30-40 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5-15 m/min, the welding current is 300-330A, and the welding voltage is 20-30V; in particular, the filament spacing may be 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm or 2.5 mm. In particular, the welding speed may be 30mm/s, 32mm/s, 34mm/s, 36mm/s, 38mm/s or 40 mm/s. Specifically, the wire feed speed may be 5m/min, 6m/min, 7m/min, 8m/min, 9m/min, 10m/min, 11m/min, 12m/min, 13m/min, 14m/min, or 15 m/min. Specifically, the welding current may be 300A, 305A, 310A, 315A, 320A, 325A, or 330A. Specifically, the welding voltage may be 20V, 22V, 24V, 26V, 28V, or 30V.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (4), the cap welding specifically includes: cleaning metal dust of a backing weld, setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of cover welding, starting a laser to weld, and blowing protective gas to the front side and the back side of the weld.
In the method, the method for cleaning the metal dust of the backing weld does not have special requirements, and the method is only required to be capable of cleaning the metal dust. In a specific embodiment, the metal dust for cleaning the backing weld is a steel wire brush.
In the method of the present invention, in step (4), the laser parameters of the cap welding are: the laser power is 700-900W, and the defocusing amount is-2 to +2 mm; in particular, the laser power may be 700W, 750W, 800W, 850W or 900W. Specifically, the defocus amount may be-2 mm, -1mm, 0mm, +1mm, or +2 mm.
The gas metal arc welding parameters of the cover surface welding are as follows: the spacing between the smooth wires is 0.5-2.5 mm, the welding speed is 10-20 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5-15 m/min, the welding current is 300-330A, and the welding voltage is 20-30V; in particular, the filament spacing may be 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm or 2.5 mm. Specifically, the welding speed is 10mm/s, 12mm/s, 14mm/s, 16mm/s, 18mm/s, or 20 mm/s. In particular, the wire feed speed may be 5m/min, 7m/min, 11m/min, 13m/min or 15 m/min. Specifically, the welding current may be 300A, 305A, 310A, 315A, 320A, 325A, or 330A. Specifically, the welding voltage may be 20V, 22V, 24V, 26V, 28V, or 30V.
In the method of the present invention, in the backing welding or the facing welding, the shielding gas on the front side of the weld contains 96 to 99 wt% of Ar and 1 to 4 wt% of CO based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the shielding gas on the front side or the back side of the weld2The flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding line is 10-20L/min; specifically, the shielding gas for the weld front face may contain 96 wt% Ar and 4 wt% CO297% by weight of Ar and 3% by weight of CO297.5 wt.% Ar and 2.5 wt.% CO298% by weight of Ar and 2% by weight of CO2Or 99% by weight of Ar and 1% by weight of CO2. Specifically, the flow rate of the protective gas on the front surface of the welding seam can be 10L/min, 12L/min, 15L/min, 18L/min or 20L/min. The protective gas on the back of the welding line contains 100 wt% of Ar, and the flow of the protective gas on the back of the welding line is 2-10L/min. Specifically, the flow rate of the shielding gas on the back of the welding seam can be 2L/min, 3L/min, 5L/min, 7L/min or 10L/min.
In the method, the diameter of the welding wire used for the bottoming welding and the cover surface welding is 1-1.5 mm. Specifically, the wire diameter may be 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, or 1.5 mm.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a welded joint of 304 stainless steel welded by the above method.
The process method for welding the 304 stainless steel plate has the advantages of simple process, easy operation and high production efficiency, reduces the heat input of the joint, reduces the hot crack sensitivity of the welding seam and greatly reduces the porosity of the welding seam through the coupling between the laser parameter and the gas metal arc welding parameter. The method not only solves the problems of low production efficiency, high heat input and large crystal grains of the traditional gas metal arc welding for welding the 304 stainless steel joint, but also solves the problem of high porosity of the welding seam of the laser-arc composite welding for welding the 304 stainless steel. Meanwhile, the 304 stainless steel welded joint welded by the method has good forming and near defect-free performance.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, the wire used in gas metal arc welding is ER304, and the diameter of the wire is 1.2 mm.
Example 1
(1) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out laser cutting on a 304 stainless steel plate with the thickness of 10mm to obtain the 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove, wherein the thickness of a truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 3mm, and an included angle of two inclined planes is 45 degrees, as shown in figure 1. Then removing oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate by using acetone, and finally removing oxide films within 25mm of the two sides of the joint by using a mechanical polishing method until the metal luster is exposed.
(2) Fixing the 304 stainless steel plate after surface treatment on a device filled with protective gas, adjusting the included angle between laser emitted by a laser and the 304 stainless steel plate to be 80 degrees, and simultaneously controlling the inclination direction of the laser to be consistent with the welding direction.
(3) Backing welding: firstly setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of a consumable electrode, wherein the laser power is 5000W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the distance between optical wires is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 32mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 11m/min, the welding current is 315A, the welding voltage is 28V, and then startingLaser, with a weld front side of 97.5 wt% Ar and 2.5 wt% CO shielding gas2And controlling the flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding seam to be 15L/min, controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding seam to be 100 weight percent Ar, and controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding seam to be 5L/min, and finally finishing backing welding.
(4) And (3) cover surface welding: firstly cleaning metal powder of a backing weld by using a steel wire brush, then setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters, wherein the laser power is 800W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the distance between optical wires is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 16mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 11m/min, the welding current is 315A, the welding voltage is 28V, then starting a laser, and simultaneously controlling the protective gas on the front surface of the weld to be 97.5 wt% Ar and 2.5 wt% CO2And controlling the flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding line to be 15L/min, controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding line to be 100 weight percent Ar and controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding line to be 5L/min, and finally finishing the cover surface welding to obtain a 304 stainless steel welding joint A1.
Example 2
(1) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out laser cutting on a 304 stainless steel plate with the thickness of 10mm to obtain the 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove, wherein the thickness of a truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 3mm, and an included angle of two inclined planes is 45 degrees, as shown in figure 1. Then removing oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate by using acetone, and finally removing oxide films within 25mm of the two sides of the joint by using a mechanical polishing method until the metal luster is exposed.
(2) Fixing the 304 stainless steel plate after surface treatment on a device with the back surface being communicated with protective gas, adjusting the included angle between laser emitted by a laser and the 304 stainless steel plate to be 80 degrees, and simultaneously controlling the inclination direction of the laser to be consistent with the welding direction.
(3) Backing welding: firstly setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of a consumable electrode, wherein the laser power is 4000W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the distance between optical wires is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 30mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5m/min, the welding current is 315A, the welding voltage is 28V, then starting a laser, and simultaneously controlling the protective gas at the front side of a welding line to be 96 wt% Ar and 4 wt% CO2And controlling the flow of shielding gas on the front side of the weldThe amount is 15L/min, the protective gas on the back of the welding line is controlled to be 100 weight percent Ar, the flow of the protective gas on the back of the welding line is controlled to be 5L/min, and finally backing welding is finished.
(4) And (3) cover surface welding: firstly cleaning metal powder of a backing weld by using a steel wire brush, then setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters, wherein the laser power is 700W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the distance between optical wires is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 10mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5m/min, the welding current is 315A, the welding voltage is 28V, then starting a laser, and simultaneously controlling the protective gas on the front surface of the weld to be 96 wt% Ar and 4 wt% CO2And controlling the flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding line to be 15L/min, controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding line to be 100 weight percent Ar and controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding line to be 5L/min, and finally finishing the cover surface welding to obtain a 304 stainless steel welding joint A2.
Example 3
(1) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out laser cutting on a 304 stainless steel plate with the thickness of 10mm to obtain the 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove, wherein the thickness of a truncated edge of the Y-shaped groove is 3mm, and an included angle of two inclined planes is 45 degrees, as shown in figure 1. Then removing oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate by using acetone, and finally removing oxide films within 25mm of the two sides of the joint by using a mechanical polishing method until the metal luster is exposed.
(2) Fixing the 304 stainless steel plate after surface treatment on a device filled with protective gas, adjusting the included angle between laser emitted by a laser and the 304 stainless steel plate to be 80 degrees, and simultaneously controlling the inclination direction of the laser to be consistent with the welding direction.
(3) Backing welding: firstly setting laser parameters and consumable electrode gas shielded welding parameters, wherein the laser power is 6000W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the light wire spacing is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 40mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 15m/min, the welding current is 315A, the welding voltage is 28V, then starting a laser, and simultaneously controlling the shielding gas at the front side of a welding line to be 99 wt% Ar and 1 wt% CO2And controlling the flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding seam to be 15L/min, controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding seam to be 100 weight percent Ar, and controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding seam to be 5L/min, and finally finishing backing welding.
(4) And (3) cover surface welding: firstly cleaning metal powder of a backing weld by using a steel wire brush, then setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters, wherein the laser power is 900W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the distance between optical wires is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 20mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 15m/min, the welding current is 315A, the welding voltage is 28V, then starting a laser, and simultaneously controlling the protective gas on the front surface of the weld to be 99 wt% Ar and 1 wt% CO2And controlling the flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding line to be 15L/min, controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding line to be 100 weight percent Ar and controlling the flow of the protective gas on the back side of the welding line to be 5L/min, and finally finishing the cover surface welding to obtain a 304 stainless steel welding joint A3.
Comparative example 1
The procedure is as in example 1, except that in steps (3) and (4), the shielding gas for the weld front side is 90 wt% Ar and 10 wt% CO2。
Comparative example 2
The process was carried out as in example 1, except that neither of the steps (3) and (4) used a laser, and that only gas metal arc welding was used.
Comparative example 3
The process was carried out as in example 1, except that in step (3) and step (4), the defocus amount was +3 mm.
Comparative example 4
The procedure was followed as in example 1, except that in step (2), the angle between the laser beam emitted from the laser and the 304 stainless steel plate material was adjusted to 60 °.
Test example 1
The welded joints of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to porosity test according to the method described in national standard GB/T3323-2005, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Test example 2
The welded joints of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 were subjected to grain size testing and grading according to the method described in national standard GB/T6394-2017, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example numbering Porosity (%) Grain size grade
Example 1 0.2 Stage 7
Example 2 0.8 Grade 6
Example 3 0.7 Grade 6
Comparative example 1 1.6 4 stage
Comparative example 2 2.2 Grade 3
Comparative example 3 1.5 4 stage
Comparative example 4 1.7 Grade 5
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that the porosity of the weld joint of the 304 stainless steel plate welded by the method of the present invention is significantly reduced, both being less than 1%, and the grain size grade is high and the grains are fine, wherein the weld joint of example 1 has almost no pore defects, and the quality of the welded joint is high, as shown in fig. 2.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A process method for welding 304 stainless steel plates is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing the 304 stainless steel plate to obtain a 304 stainless steel plate with a Y-shaped groove;
(2) pretreating the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (1), and then fixing the plate on a device filled with protective gas;
(3) adjusting the included angle between the laser emitted by the laser and the 304 stainless steel plate obtained in the step (2) to be 70-90 degrees;
(4) sequentially carrying out backing welding and cover surface welding;
wherein, the laser parameters of the backing welding are as follows: the laser power is 4000-6000W, and the defocusing amount is-2 to +2 mm; the gas metal arc welding parameters of the bottoming welding are as follows: the spacing between the smooth wires is 0.5-2.5 mm, the welding speed is 30-40 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5-15 m/min, the welding current is 300-330A, and the welding voltage is 20-30V;
the laser parameters of the cover surface welding are as follows: the laser power is 700-900W, and the defocusing amount is-2 to +2 mm; the gas metal arc welding parameters of the cover surface welding are as follows: the spacing between the smooth wires is 0.5-2.5 mm, the welding speed is 10-20 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 5-15 m/min, the welding current is 300-330A, and the welding voltage is 20-30V;
in the step (4), the backing welding specifically comprises the following steps: setting laser parameters of backing welding and gas metal arc welding parameters, starting a laser to weld, and blowing protective gas to the front side and the back side of a weld joint;
in the step (4), the cover surface welding specifically comprises the following steps: cleaning metal dust of a backing weld, setting laser parameters and gas metal arc welding parameters of cover welding, starting a laser to weld, and blowing protective gas to the front side and the back side of the weld.
2. The process for welding 304 stainless steel plates according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the Y-shaped bevel comprises a blunt edge and a double bevel angle.
3. The process method for welding 304 stainless steel plates according to claim 2, wherein the truncated thickness of the Y-shaped groove is 1-5mm, and the included angle between the double inclined surfaces of the Y-shaped groove is 30-60 °.
4. The process for welding 304 stainless steel sheets according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the step of pre-treating comprises: and (3) removing oil stains on the surface of the 304 stainless steel plate by using a reagent, and then removing oxidation films on two sides of the joint.
5. The process for welding 304 stainless steel plate according to claim 1, wherein in the backing welding or the facing welding, the shielding gas at the front side of the weld contains 96-99 wt% of Ar and 1-4 wt% of CO based on 100% of the total weight of the shielding gas at the front side or the back side of the weld2The flow of the protective gas on the front side of the welding line is 10-20L/min; the protective gas on the back of the welding line contains 100 wt% of Ar, and the flow of the protective gas on the back of the welding line is 2-10L/min.
6. The process method for welding 304 stainless steel plates according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the welding wire used for the bottoming welding and the facing welding is 1-1.5 mm.
7. A welded 304 stainless steel joint welded by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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