CN111700217A - Preparation method of hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain, which comprises the following steps: s1, activating hericium erinaceus strains: inoculating commercially available Hericium erinaceus into PDB liquid culture medium, and culturing to obtain activated mother bacteria; s2, preparing a corn culture medium: soaking and cleaning corn kernels, adding carbohydrate, inorganic salt and water to obtain a mixture, sterilizing the mixture, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium; s3, inoculation and culture: inoculating activated mother bacteria into a corn culture medium, and then culturing the corn culture medium in a proper environment until the corn grows full of hyphae to obtain the corn with the hyphae; s4, preparing hericium erinaceus corn fungus grains: taking out the corn full of hypha from the corn culture medium, drying, and grinding to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain. The invention improves the viscoelasticity of the corn dough and improves the application limit of the corn flour in the processing of staple food.

Description

Preparation method of hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing. More specifically, the invention relates to a preparation method of hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

Background

Corn is one of the main food crops in China, and even is used as staple food in some areas. However, corn protein is different from wheat in composition and structure, a net structure is difficult to form in the dough kneading process, the viscoelasticity is poor, the flexibility is poor, the processing quality is poor, the mouthfeel is rough, the corn flour is not suitable for processing and making staple foods such as bread, noodles, cakes, dumplings and the like, and the processing characteristics greatly limit the application of the corn flour in processing of the staple foods.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing hericium erinaceus corn fungal food that increases the viscoelasticity of the corn dough and improves the application limitations of corn flour in staple food processing.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a live hericium erinaceus-corn fungus food, comprising the steps of:

s1, activating hericium erinaceus strains: inoculating commercially available hericium erinaceus strains into a PDB liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3-4 d under the conditions that the temperature is 22-27 ℃ and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 135-;

s2, preparing a corn culture medium: soaking and cleaning corn kernels, adding carbohydrate, inorganic salt and water to obtain a mixture, sterilizing the mixture, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculation and culture: inoculating activated mother bacteria into a corn culture medium, and then culturing the corn culture medium in a proper environment until the corn grows full of hyphae to obtain the corn with the hyphae;

s4, preparing hericium erinaceus corn fungus grains: taking out the corn full of hypha from the corn culture medium, drying, and grinding to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

Preferably, the specific method for preparing the PDB liquid culture medium in step S1 is as follows: 35g of solid PDB medium powder is weighed into a conical flask, 1000mL of distilled water is added, the mixture is fully stirred to be completely dissolved, 4mol/L hydrochloric acid is used for titration until the pH value is 4.5, autoclaving is carried out at 121 ℃ for 30min, and cooling is carried out to room temperature.

Preferably, the temperature of the water for soaking the corn kernels in the step S2 is 95-100 ℃, and the soaking time of the corn kernels is 2-3 h;

the carbohydrate added in the step S2 is glucose, the added inorganic salts are magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the added water is deionized water, and the weights of the added glucose, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and deionized water are respectively the weights of the soaked corn: 2.8-3.5%, 0.15-0.2%, 0.08-0.14%, 30-40%;

the sterilization conditions of the mixture obtained in step S2 were: the temperature is 120-130 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h.

Preferably, the step S3 is performed under aseptic conditions, and the weight of the inoculated activated mother bacteria is 5-10% of the weight of the corn culture medium;

the culture conditions after the corn culture medium is inoculated with the activated mother bacteria in the step S3 are as follows: the temperature is 22-27 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the time is 14-20 d.

Preferably, in step S4, the temperature for drying the corn with hypha is 50-55 ℃, and the corn is ground into powder which can pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve.

Preferably, step S3 is embodied by placing corn medium in a container comprising:

the side wall of the barrel body is horizontally provided with a pair of strip-shaped holes in a penetrating manner, and each strip-shaped hole extends from top to bottom to form a certain adjusting height;

the diameter of each screw is slightly smaller than the width of the strip-shaped hole, one screw penetrates through one strip-shaped hole, and the screw parts inside and outside the barrel are respectively screwed with a nut;

the screen disc is horizontally arranged in the barrel body, the diameter of the screen disc is smaller than that of the bottom surface of the barrel body, the diameter of a screen hole of the screen disc is 6-8mm, a baffle plate extends upwards from the edge of the screen disc, the height of the baffle plate is not smaller than the distance from the bottom end of the strip-shaped hole to the bottom surface of the barrel body, and the end parts of screw rod parts of a pair of screw rods in the barrel body are fixedly connected with the side walls on two sides of the baffle plate respectively;

adjusting the height of the sieve tray until the sieve tray is in contact with the bottom surface of the barrel body, placing liquid in a corn culture medium in the barrel body, laying corn in the corn culture medium in the sieve tray, inoculating activated mother bacteria on the corn in the sieve tray when inoculating the activated mother bacteria into the corn culture medium in step S3, adjusting the height of the sieve tray to be higher than the height of the bottom surface of the barrel body after the hypha grows on the top surface of the corn in the culture medium when culturing the inoculated corn culture medium, and then culturing until the bottom surface of the corn in the culture medium grows with the hypha.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

firstly, hericium erinaceus is inoculated into a corn culture medium, the amylose content of corn is increased, the amylopectin content and the crude fiber content of the corn are reduced under the fermentation effect of the hericium erinaceus, the viscoelasticity of corn dough is improved, and the application limit of corn flour in staple food processing is improved.

Secondly, the container for placing the corn culture medium comprises a barrel body and a sieve tray, wherein liquid in the corn culture medium is placed in the barrel body, corn in the corn culture medium is laid in the sieve tray, the height of the sieve tray is adjusted to be in contact with the bottom surface of the barrel body before fermentation, then activated mother bacteria are inoculated for fermentation, after hyphae grow on the top surface of the corn in the culture medium, the height of the sieve tray is adjusted to be higher than the bottom surface of the barrel body, and then the corn in the culture medium is cultured until the hyphae grow on the bottom surface of the corn. The cultivation is carried out by adjusting the height of the sieve tray, hyphae can grow on the front and back surfaces of the corn, and therefore the growth area of hericium erinaceus on the corn is increased.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

< example 1>

The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain comprises the following steps:

s1, inoculating the hericium erinaceus strain into a PDB culture medium in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 3d at the temperature of 22 ℃ and the shaking table rotating speed of 135r/min to obtain activated mother bacteria; the preparation method of the PDB culture medium specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 35g of solid PDB culture medium powder into a conical flask, adding 1000mL of distilled water, fully stirring to completely dissolve the solid PDB culture medium powder, titrating to pH 4.5 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min under high pressure, and cooling to room temperature;

s2, soaking the corn kernels in water at the temperature of 95 ℃ for 2 hours, taking out the corn kernels, draining the corn kernels, adding glucose accounting for 2.8% of the mass of the corn kernels, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 0.15% of the mass of the corn kernels, monopotassium phosphate accounting for 0.08% of the mass of the corn kernels and deionized water accounting for 30% of the mass of the corn kernels, sterilizing the corn kernels at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 2 hours under high pressure, and cooling the corn kernels to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculating the activated hericium erinaceus into a corn culture medium, and culturing in an aseptic environment until the corn grows full of hyphae;

s4, taking out the corn full of hyphae from a container containing a corn culture medium, drying, and grinding to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

< example 2>

S1, inoculating the hericium erinaceus strain into a PDB culture medium in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 3d at the temperature of 24 ℃ and the shaking table rotating speed of 140r/min to obtain activated mother bacteria; the preparation method of the PDB culture medium specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 35g of solid PDB culture medium powder into a conical flask, adding 1000mL of distilled water, fully stirring to completely dissolve the solid PDB culture medium powder, titrating to pH 4.5 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min under high pressure, and cooling to room temperature;

s2, soaking the corn kernels in water at the temperature of 97 ℃ for 2h, taking out the corn kernels, draining the corn kernels, adding glucose accounting for 2.8% of the mass of the corn kernels, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 0.15% of the mass of the corn kernels, monopotassium phosphate accounting for 0.08% of the mass of the corn kernels and deionized water accounting for 30% of the mass of the corn kernels, sterilizing the corn kernels at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 2h under high pressure, and cooling the corn kernels to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculating the activated hericium erinaceus into a corn culture medium, and culturing in an aseptic environment until the corn grows full of hyphae;

s4, taking out the corn full of hyphae from a container containing a corn culture medium, drying, and grinding to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

< example 3>

The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain comprises the following steps:

s1, inoculating the hericium erinaceus strain into a PDB culture medium in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 4d at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the shaking table rotating speed of 145r/min to obtain activated mother bacteria; the preparation method of the PDB culture medium specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 35g of solid PDB culture medium powder into a conical flask, adding 1000mL of distilled water, fully stirring to completely dissolve the solid PDB culture medium powder, titrating to pH 4.5 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min under high pressure, and cooling to room temperature;

s2, soaking the corn kernels in water at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out the corn kernels, draining the corn kernels, adding glucose accounting for 3.5% of the mass of the corn kernels, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the corn kernels, monopotassium phosphate accounting for 0.14% of the mass of the corn kernels and deionized water accounting for 40% of the mass of the corn kernels, sterilizing the corn kernels at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 2 hours under high pressure, and cooling the corn kernels to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculating the activated hericium erinaceus into a corn culture medium, and culturing in an aseptic environment until the corn grows full of hyphae;

s4, taking out the corn full of hyphae from a container containing a corn culture medium, drying, and grinding to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

< example 4>

The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain comprises the following steps:

s1, inoculating the hericium erinaceus strain into a PDB culture medium in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 4d at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the shaking table rotating speed of 145r/min to obtain activated mother bacteria; the preparation method of the PDB culture medium specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 35g of solid PDB culture medium powder into a conical flask, adding 1000mL of distilled water, fully stirring to completely dissolve the solid PDB culture medium powder, titrating to pH 4.5 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min under high pressure, and cooling to room temperature;

s2, soaking the corn kernels in water at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out the corn kernels, draining the corn kernels, adding glucose accounting for 3.5% of the mass of the corn kernels, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the corn kernels, monopotassium phosphate accounting for 0.14% of the mass of the corn kernels and deionized water accounting for 40% of the mass of the corn kernels, sterilizing the corn kernels at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 2 hours under high pressure, and cooling the corn kernels to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculating activated mother bacteria accounting for 10% of the mass of the corn culture medium to the corn culture medium in an aseptic environment, uniformly stirring, and culturing for 20d under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 70% to ensure that the corn grows full of hyphae;

s4, taking out the corn full of hypha from a container containing a corn culture medium, drying at 55 ℃, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

< example 5>

The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain comprises the following steps:

s1, inoculating the hericium erinaceus strain into a PDB culture medium in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 4d at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the shaking table rotating speed of 145r/min to obtain activated mother bacteria; the preparation method of the PDB culture medium specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 35g of solid PDB culture medium powder into a conical flask, adding 1000mL of distilled water, fully stirring to completely dissolve the solid PDB culture medium powder, titrating to pH 4.5 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min under high pressure, and cooling to room temperature;

s2, soaking the corn kernels in water at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out the corn kernels, draining the corn kernels, adding glucose accounting for 3.5% of the mass of the corn kernels, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the corn kernels, monopotassium phosphate accounting for 0.14% of the mass of the corn kernels and deionized water accounting for 40% of the mass of the corn kernels, sterilizing the corn kernels at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 2 hours under high pressure, and cooling the corn kernels to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculating activated mother bacteria accounting for 10% of the mass of the corn culture medium to the corn culture medium in an aseptic environment, uniformly stirring, and culturing for 20d under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 70% to ensure that the corn grows full of hyphae; wherein, the specific steps of inoculation and culture are as follows: adjusting nuts on each screw of the culture medium container to be far away from the corresponding side wall of the barrel body, enabling the sieve tray to be in contact with the bottom surface of the barrel body, inoculating activated mother bacteria to corns in the sieve tray under an aseptic condition, culturing the inoculated culture medium for 10 days under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 70%, then lifting the screws in the strip-shaped holes until the sieve tray has a certain distance with the bottom surface of the barrel body, enabling two nuts on the screws to abut against the side wall of the barrel body through adjusting the nuts on the screws, and further enabling the sieve tray to be fixed for 10 days;

s4, taking out the corn full of hypha from a container containing a corn culture medium, drying at 55 ℃, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

< comparative example 1>

The same as example 5, except that the corn culture medium was used in a conventional petri dish, and the corn in the petri dish was inoculated with the activated mother bacteria under aseptic conditions, and the inoculated culture medium was cultured at a temperature of 27 ℃ and a humidity of 70% for 20d, wherein the corn grains were not turned over during the culture.

< comparative example 2>

The corn flour is the corn flour which is obtained by directly grinding commercial corn kernels.

1. Determination of amylose and amylopectin

The control group was comparative example 2, the experimental groups were corn flours obtained in examples 1-5 and comparative example 1, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 1: amylose and amylopectin content analysis table

Sample (I)	Amylose (mg/g)	Amylopectin (mg/g)	Crude fiber (g/100g)
				Comparative example 2	24.59	97.96	3.18
Example 1	70.12	80.23	2.42
				Example 2	71.32	79.28	2.38
Example 3	75.28	78.20	2.23
				Example 4	74.58	77.81	2.25
Example 5	75.50	77.90	2.21
				Comparative example 1	63.86	85.34	2.56

As shown in Table 1, after corn is fermented by hericium erinaceus, part of long chains of amylopectin of the corn are decomposed into amylose, and vitamins are decomposed by acid and enzymes, so that the amylose content is increased, the amylopectin content is reduced, the crude fiber content is reduced, and the problems of poor viscoelasticity and poor flexibility of corn dough can be effectively solved.

2. Contrast detection of bacterial amount

After culturing under the same conditions, mycelia on all corns in example 5, example 4 and comparative example 1 were washed off using 100mL of culture medium in corn medium, respectively, to obtain a bacterial solution of example 5, a bacterial solution of example 4 and a bacterial solution of comparative example 1, absorbance values (OD) of the bacterial solution of example 5, the bacterial solution of example 4 and the bacterial solution of comparative example 1 were measured using the culture medium of corn medium as a blank control and ultraviolet wavelength of 620nm, and 3-time averaging was performed for each sample, resulting in that OD value of the bacterial solution of example 5 was 0.38, OD value of the bacterial solution of example 4 was 0.32 and OD value of the bacterial solution of comparative example 1 was 0.27, which indicates that the amount of hericium erinaceus cultured by mycelia of example 5 was larger than those of example 4 and comparative example 1, and further that the area covered on corns in the culture medium of example 5 was larger than those of example 4 and comparative example 1, that is, the hericium erinaceus in example 5 can ferment corn more sufficiently.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, activating hericium erinaceus strains: inoculating commercially available hericium erinaceus strains into a PDB liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3-4 d under the conditions that the temperature is 22-27 ℃ and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 135-;

s2, preparing a corn culture medium: soaking and cleaning corn kernels, adding carbohydrate, inorganic salt and water to obtain a mixture, sterilizing the mixture, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a corn culture medium;

s3, inoculation and culture: inoculating activated mother bacteria into a corn culture medium, and then culturing the corn culture medium in a proper environment until the corn grows full of hyphae to obtain the corn with the hyphae;

s4, preparing hericium erinaceus corn fungus grains: taking out the corn full of hypha from the corn culture medium, drying, and grinding to obtain the hericium erinaceus corn fungus grain.

2. The preparation method of hericium erinaceus-corn fungus food as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for preparing the PDB liquid culture medium in step S1 is as follows: 35g of solid PDB medium powder is weighed into a conical flask, 1000mL of distilled water is added, the mixture is fully stirred to be completely dissolved, 4mol/L hydrochloric acid is used for titration until the pH value is 4.5, autoclaving is carried out at 121 ℃ for 30min, and cooling is carried out to room temperature.

3. The preparation method of hericium erinaceus-corn fungus food as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of water for soaking the corn kernels in the step S2 is 95-100 ℃, and the soaking time of the corn kernels is 2-3 h;

the carbohydrate added in the step S2 is glucose, the added inorganic salts are magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the added water is deionized water, and the weights of the added glucose, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and deionized water are respectively the weights of the soaked corn: 2.8-3.5%, 0.15-0.2%, 0.08-0.14%, 30-40%;

the sterilization conditions of the mixture obtained in step S2 were: the temperature is 120-130 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h.

4. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus-corn fungus food as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 is performed under aseptic conditions by inoculating activated mother fungi into the corn culture medium, and the weight of the inoculated activated mother fungi is 5-10% of the weight of the corn culture medium;

the culture conditions after the corn culture medium is inoculated with the activated mother bacteria in the step S3 are as follows: the temperature is 22-27 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the time is 14-20 d.

5. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus-corn fungus food as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the corn full of hyphae is dried at 50-55 ℃ and ground into powder which can pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve.

6. The method for preparing hericium erinaceus-corn fungus food as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S3 is to place the corn culture medium in a container, and the container comprises:

the side wall of the barrel body is horizontally provided with a pair of strip-shaped holes in a penetrating manner, and each strip-shaped hole extends from top to bottom to form a certain adjusting height;

the diameter of each screw is slightly smaller than the width of the strip-shaped hole, one screw penetrates through one strip-shaped hole, and the screw parts inside and outside the barrel are respectively screwed with a nut;

the screen disc is horizontally arranged in the barrel body, the diameter of the screen disc is smaller than that of the bottom surface of the barrel body, the diameter of a screen hole of the screen disc is 6-8mm, a baffle plate extends upwards from the edge of the screen disc, the height of the baffle plate is not smaller than the distance from the bottom end of the strip-shaped hole to the bottom surface of the barrel body, and the end parts of screw rod parts of a pair of screw rods in the barrel body are fixedly connected with the side walls on two sides of the baffle plate respectively;

adjusting the height of the sieve tray until the sieve tray is in contact with the bottom surface of the barrel body, placing liquid in a corn culture medium in the barrel body, laying corn in the corn culture medium in the sieve tray, inoculating activated mother bacteria on the corn in the sieve tray when inoculating the activated mother bacteria into the corn culture medium in step S3, adjusting the height of the sieve tray to be higher than the height of the bottom surface of the barrel body after the hypha grows on the top surface of the corn in the culture medium when culturing the inoculated corn culture medium, and then culturing until the bottom surface of the corn in the culture medium grows with the hypha.