CN111700186A

CN111700186A - Compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111700186A
Application number: CN202010529427.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘仕军; 李文娟
Original assignee: Shanghai Moogo Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Moogo Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-11
Filing date: 2020-06-11
Publication date: 2020-09-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following components by weight percent, 30-90% of plant extract mixture and 10-40% of free palmitic acid; 0.07% of organic trace element selenium and 0.05% of vitamin E. The invention has the following advantages: 1) the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, and the cost is lower; 2) can be directly added into feed, and is simple and convenient to use; 3) no toxic side residue, no drug resistance, environmental protection and no adverse effect on the palatability of the feed.

Description

Compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the continuous development of aquaculture industry, the culture scale is gradually enlarged, the intensification degree is continuously improved, the pond is aged, the water quality of the culture water bath is poor, some water baths even show seasonal outbreak trend, great economic loss is caused, and the development of fishery is seriously influenced. One of the main reasons for the death of a large number of fishes is low immunity, and various kinds of cultured fishes and shrimps are seriously affected. The change of water temperature, oxygen, feed and the like can cause large-area diseases of cultured fishes, various antibiotic medicines are often used for controlling diseases caused by viruses, however, chemical medicines can easily cause the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and even multiple drug resistance, and the fishes and the water environment are polluted due to the accumulation of the medicines. And once the treatment is not timely, the yield is reduced and a large number of deaths are caused, so that the loss of vast aquaculture farmers is huge. The vitamin and plant compound premix is adopted to prevent fish diseases, so that the problems can be avoided, the production cost can be reduced, and the vitamin and plant compound premix has important economic and social significance for aquaculture industry.

The fenugreek is used in aquatic animals for the first time to match with mineral substances and vitamins to achieve the effects of improving nutrition and enhancing the immune function of organisms, the components are reasonable in proportion, the growth performance of fish and shrimp can be well improved, the immunity of fish and shrimp is enhanced, and the disease prevention and resistance is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a compound immunopotentiator capable of effectively improving the growth performance of fish and improving the immunity of fish, and a preparation method and a use method thereof.

The invention provides a compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-90% of plant extraction mixture, and 10-40% of free palmitic acid; 0.07 percent of organic trace element selenium and 0.05 percent of vitamin E, which are all mass fractions.

The optimal scheme of the raw material formula is as follows: 50-80% of plant extraction mixture, and 20-30% of free palmitic acid; 0.07% of organic trace element selenium and 0.05% of vitamin E.

Wherein the plant extract mixture is a mixture of plant extracts yucca and fenugreek, the plant extracts yucca and fenugreek are respectively from America and Canada, and the plant extracts yucca and fenugreek in the plant extract mixture are prepared according to a weight ratio of 1: 2; the free palmitic acid is obtained from natural vegetable oil by hydrolysis, is non-triglyceride palmitic acid, and has molecular formula of C₁₆H₃₂O₂(ii) a Vitamin E and selenium as organic trace elementAnd (5) performing source chemical synthesis.

On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the compound premix for improving the immunity of fishes and shrimps, the compound premix for improving the milk yield of lactating cows can only adopt the preparation method used by the invention, and the action effect of the product of the compound premix is ineffective or greatly reduced if not:

1) firstly, mixing organic trace element selenium, vitamin E and free palmitic acid to obtain a first mixture 1, and mixing the obtained first mixture with a mixture of plant extracts yucca and fenugreek to obtain a second mixture;

2) sieving the second mixture with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a third mixture;

3) and packaging and stacking the third mixture to obtain the compound premix for improving the immunity of the fishes and the shrimps.

When feeding, the addition amount of the compound premix is 0.02-0.15% of the feed mass, namely 200 and 1500mg/kg of feed.

By means of the technical scheme, the immune level of the aquaculture fishes and shrimps can be effectively improved, and the weight gain and the feed conversion rate are improved. Has the advantages that:

1) the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, and the cost is lower;

2) can be directly added into feed, and is simple and convenient to use;

3) no toxic side residue, no drug resistance, environmental protection and no adverse effect on the palatability of the feed.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Example 1: megalobrama amblycephala

1. Preparing feed:

50-80% of a mixture of plant extracts of yucca and fenugreek, 20-30% of free palmitic acid, 0.07% of organic trace element selenium and 0.05% of vitamin E, and the raw materials with corresponding mass fractions are uniformly mixed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the compound premix. During production, the compound premix is added according to different proportions. Meanwhile, the compound premix is not added as the feed of a control group.

2. Cultivation test:

the crude protein content in the basal diet was 32.64%, and the lipid content was 6.82%. The feed was divided into 4 different proportions of the compound premix of the present invention (0.00, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%) according to the feed formulation. Fish meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cotton meal are used as protein sources, and soybean lecithin and soybean oil are used as lipid sources. All ingredients were ground to a powder, mixed well with soybean oil and water, and then granulated using a laboratory extruder (die diameter 1.5mm and 2.0 mm). Drying and storing.

Healthy fish of similar size (4.75 ± 0.04g) were randomly allocated to 18 net cages prior to feeding. The fish were fed 3 times a day (8: 00, 12: 00, 16: 00) for 8 weeks.

3. Test results

The test results show that the compound premix of the embodiment can obviously improve the weight gain rate, the feed conversion rate and the specific growth rate of the megalobrama amblycephala. And the effect tends to increase along with the increase of the addition amount, and the effect of the weight gain rate of 0.08 percent of the addition amount, the feed conversion rate and the specific growth rate is optimal.

Example 2: prawn (Penaeus vannamei Boone)

Shenzhen in a test field, filtering sea water, wherein the natural water temperature is 23-25 ℃ and the salinity is 32-34. 2200 prawns were randomly divided into 2 groups of 2 parallel groups, and the test group was supplemented with 0.08% of the compound premix of this example. The test period is 30 days, and the shrimp larvae are purchased from a normal shrimp larvae factory.

And (4) conclusion: after the compound premix is added, the weight gain rate, the feed coefficient and the survival rate of the prawns are all obviously superior to those of a control group. The premix of the invention is proved to have the functions of promoting the growth and improving the survival rate of the prawns.

Example 3: nile tilapia

Nile tilapia (9.8 +/-23 g) is fed by the invention. The premix of the present invention (0.00, 0.02%, 0.08%, 0.15%) was added with equal heat (4.40 kcal/g) in 4 groups of equal nitrogen (30% crude protein), respectively. Evaluation was performed for 3 replicates and the feeding amount was 4% of body weight. 2 times daily for 90 days. The death rate of Nile tilapia is 10 days after 90 days of feeding different contents of daily ration and attacking with aeromonas hydrophila.

Impact on growth performance

	Blank control (0.00%)	Test group 1 (0.02%)	Test group 2 (0.08%)	Test group 3 (0.15%)
					Initial weight (g)	9.95±0.05a	9.90±0.03a	9.87±0.02a	9.80±0.06a
Terminal weight (g)	21.41±0.35b	22.52±0.19b	26.96±0.58a	25.81±1.23a
					Weight gain (g)	11.46±0.34b	12.62±0.21b	17.09±0.55a	16.01±1.26a
The weight gain rate%	115.18±3.3b	127.47±2.5b	173.15±5.1a	163.36±13.2a
					SGR	0.85±0.02b	0.91±0.01b	1.12±0.02a	1.07±0.06a
FCR	2.46±0.069a	2.394±0.03a	1.90±0.15b	1.941±0.11b
					Survival rate	93.3±3.85a	95.6±2.22a	95.6±2.22a	95.6±2.22a

10 days mortality rate from Aeromonas hydrophila challenge

Influence on blood index

The results show a significant increase in growth (body weight, weight gain, SGR, feed conversion) in the 0.08% addition group of this example. The worst growth was blank control. Survival rates were between 93.3-100% for all experimental groups, with no significant difference.

The mortality rate of fish challenged with aeromonas hydrophila was high in the 10 days of diet feeding of the placebo group, but not high in all of the diet feeding of fish supplemented with the premix of the present invention. These results indicate that the compound premix of this example is critical for maintaining normal function and increasing disease resistance to pathogens.

Total blood protein concentration is a basic indicator for assessing the health status of juvenile fish since serum or plasma albumin has considerable diagnostic value in laboratory animals, as it is related to total nutritional status, the integrity of the vascular system and hepatic energy. The groups of the invention showed the highest albumin and globulin values at 0.08% and 0.15% feeding, with a significant increase, but the a/G ratio was not significantly reduced, probably because the combination of the invention was able to help the liver produce albumin and globulin. More importantly, albumin and globulin concentrations are commonly used to assess the immune effects of nutrients on fish. Low albumin may result from impaired synthesis. An increase in serum and globulin levels is thought to be associated with an enhanced innate response in fish, a decrease in the a/G ratio indicates better immunity in the animal, and an increase in serum total and globulin levels indicates a strong immunity in fish.

The conclusion is that when the compound premix of the embodiment is used as fish feed, especially 0.08%, the growth performance of tilapia can be improved, and the feed utilization rate and immune response can be improved.

In conclusion, the invention can effectively improve the immunity level of aquaculture fishes and shrimps and increase the weight gain and the feed conversion rate.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The compound premix for improving the immunity of fishes and shrimps is characterized in that: comprises palmitic acid, a plant extract mixture, organic trace element selenium and vitamin E; the plant extract mixture is a mixture of plant extracts yucca and fenugreek; the weight ratio of the palmitic acid to the plant extract is 1: 2-1: 5.

2. The compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the palmitic acid is free palmitic acid with molecular formula of C₁₆H₃₂O₂。

3. The compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the contents of the components are as follows: 30 to 90 percent of plant extraction mixture, 10 to 40 percent of palmitic acid, 0.07 percent of organic trace element selenium and 0.05 percent of vitamin E, which are all mass fractions.

4. The compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the contents of the components are as follows: 50-80% of plant extract mixture, 20-30% of free palmitic acid, 0.07% of organic trace element selenium and 0.05% of vitamin E, wherein the percentages are mass percentages.

5. The compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the plant extract yucca to the fenugreek is 1: 2.

6. The preparation method of the compound premix for improving immunity of fishes and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound premix comprises the following steps: comprises the following steps:

1) firstly, mixing organic trace element selenium, vitamin E and palmitic acid to obtain a first mixture, and mixing the obtained first mixture with a mixture of plant extracts yucca and fenugreek to obtain a second mixture;

2) sieving the second mixture with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a third mixture;

3) packaging and stacking the third mixture to prepare the compound premix for improving the immunity of the fishes and shrimps;

when the feed is fed, the addition amount of the compound premix is 0.02-0.15% of the feed mass.