CN111697952A - Method and system for adjusting pulse width based on digital PZC system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system, which are characterized in that a numerical value recursive solution of a PZC circuit based on a time domain is deduced again by adopting an inverse system method, a physical model of the reconstructed digital PZC circuit is more universal, the original PZC digital model is simplified, the application range of the digital PZC system is widened, and the function of only realizing pulse signal narrowing in an analog PZC system is expanded to the function of not only narrowing pulses but also widening pulse signals in the digital PZC system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal processing, in particular to a method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system.
Background
In a nuclear radiation measurement system, a signal output by a detector is characterized by a negative exponential signal with a fast rising front edge and a slow falling back edge to a base line, and the top of the negative exponential signal is exponentially decreased along with time, and specific rules refer to nuclear electronics published by royal high at atomic energy publishing company in 1983 and nuclear electronics technical principles published by royal cheese at atomic energy publishing company in 1989. When the counting rate is high, the accumulation of the tail part of the pulse can cause obvious baseline drift, so that the peak position moves and the energy resolution of the spectrometer is deteriorated, and the superposed pulse can completely block a post-amplifier to cause the post-amplifier not to work normally.
In the nuclear signal processing, generally, the first stage is a Polar Zero Cancellation (PZC) system, the second stage is an amplification molding system, and the third stage is a multi-channel or counter system.
In the design of a multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer, in order to reduce the pulse pile-up probability, the first stage of a main amplifier usually adopts an analog zero-cancellation technique to narrow the pulse width of a signal after the output signal is pre-amplified, and then outputs the signal to a post-amplifier. In the design of a digital multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer, various digital transformation methods have been studied to perform signal processing, including digital zero-pole cancellation technology to adjust the pulse width of a detector signal, and circuit analysis adopts Laplace transformation or Z-transformation (Z-transformation) to perform analysis, which can only achieve that an output signal is narrower than an input signal, and cannot achieve digital signal broadening and narrowing of pulses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for adjusting the pulse width based on a digital PZC system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system comprises the following steps:
s1 kernel signal processing: inputting the nuclear signal into the PZC circuit, and adjusting the width of the output signal;
s2 analog-to-digital conversion: converting the analog signal output in S1 into a digital signal by an ADC;
s3, the digital signal is restored to a step signal through digital CR inverse transformation;
and S4, converting the step signal through digital CR to obtain a negative exponential signal with adjustable width.
The invention discloses a method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system, which further preferably comprises the following steps: the digital solution process of the inverse CR transform in S3 is as follows: digital solution formula based on CR system
Wherein, X (n) is input signal digitalization, Y (n) is output signal digitalization, K is dt/(RC), the formula is obtained by inverse CR transform
X[n+1]-X[n]＝(1+K)*Y[n+1]-Y[n]
Is finished to obtain
X[n+1]-X[n]＝K*Y[n+1]+(Y[n+1]-Y[n])
The formula is subjected to integral transformation to obtain
X [ n +1] ═ K ∑ Y [ n +1] + Y [ n +1] to implement the digital CR inverse transform.
The invention discloses a method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system, which further preferably comprises the following steps: the digital solution process of the digital CR transform in S4 is as follows: the signal Y [ n ] is passed through digital C-R inverse system to obtain signal X [ n ], and the signal X [ n ] is passed through digital C-R system to obtain signal Z [ n ]
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2)
The formula X [ n +1] obtained after the inverse transformation of the digital CR is used]＝K1*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1]Is substituted into the above formula to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1(ΣY[n+1]-ΣY[n])+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2)
Is finished to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1*Y[n+1]+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2)
Further finishing to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+(1+K1)*Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2) I.e. a numerical recursion of the digital PZC system.
In the implementation process of the method, the invention also provides a system for adjusting the pulse width based on the digital PZC system, which comprises the following steps:
a nuclear signal detector: converting the radiation into a nuclear signal;
PZC circuit: the circuit is used for adjusting the signal width, inputting the nuclear signal into the PZC circuit and adjusting the width of the output signal;
an analog-to-digital conversion module: the PZC is used for converting the analog signal output after being regulated by the PZC into a digital signal;
the CR inverse system: reducing the digital signal into a step signal through digital CR inverse transformation;
the CR system: and converting the step signal through digital CR to obtain a negative index signal with adjustable width.
The invention relates to a system for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that:
the digital model adopted for carrying out inverse CR transform in the inverse CR transform system is
X[n+1]＝K*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1]。
The invention relates to a system for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that:
the digital model adopted for CR conversion in the CR system is
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2)。
The invention deduces the numerical value recurrence solution of the pole-zero cancellation circuit based on the time domain by adopting an inverse system method based on the analysis of the original digital PZC system, the physical model of the reconstructed digital pole-zero cancellation circuit is more universal, the original PZC digital model is simplified, the application range of the digital PZC system is widened, and the function of only realizing the pulse signal narrowing in the analog PZC system is expanded to the function that the digital PZC system can narrow pulses and widen the pulse signals. The digital solution of the C-R inverse system derived for constructing a new digital PZC system is very useful and can be used as a powerful tool for transforming a negative exponential signal into a step signal and an impact signal to research a nuclear signal.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a pole-zero cancellation system circuit (passive PZC).
FIG. 3 shows the difference k in equation 71Numerical simulation plots of values.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the physical model of the PZC system according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a basic C-R differential forming diagram.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a digital implementation of the C-R inverse system.
FIG. 7 is a C-R inverse digital simulation diagram.
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an equivalent C-R system in a PZC circuit.
Fig. 9 is a digital simulation diagram of equation 16.
Fig. 10 is a functional block diagram of core signal processing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Examples
A method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system comprises the following steps:
s1 kernel signal processing: inputting the nuclear signal into the PZC circuit, and adjusting the width of the output signal;
s2 analog-to-digital conversion: converting the analog signal output in S1 into a digital signal by an ADC;
s3, the digital signal is restored to a step signal through digital CR inverse transformation;
and S4, converting the step signal through digital CR to obtain a negative exponential signal with adjustable width.
Wherein the digital solution process of the inverse CR transform in S3 is as follows: digital solution formula based on CR system
Wherein, X (n) is input signal digitalization, Y (n) is output signal digitalization, K is dt/(RC), the formula is obtained by inverse CR transform
X[n+1]-X[n]＝(1+K)*Y[n+1]-Y[n]
Is finished to obtain
X[n+1]-X[n]＝K*Y[n+1]+(Y[n+1]-Y[n])
The formula is subjected to integral transformation to obtain
X [ n +1] ═ K ∑ Y [ n +1] + Y [ n +1] to implement the inverse CR transform.
The numerical solution process of the CR transform in S4 is as follows: the signal Y [ n ] is passed through C-R inverse system to obtain signal X [ n ], and the signal X [ n ] is passed through C-R system to obtain signal Z [ n ]
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2)
Inverse transform of CR to obtain formula X [ n +1]]＝K1*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1]Is substituted into the above formula to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1(ΣY[n+1]-ΣY[n])+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2)
Is finished to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1*Y[n+1]+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2)
Further finishing to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+(1+K1)*Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2) And finally, obtaining the digital recursion of the digital PZC system.
In the implementation process of the method, the system adopted by the invention is a system for adjusting the pulse width based on a digital PZC system, and comprises the following steps:
PZC system: the circuit is used for adjusting the signal width, inputting the nuclear signal into the PZC circuit and adjusting the width of the output signal;
an analog-to-digital conversion module: the PZC is used for converting the analog signal output after being regulated by the PZC into a digital signal;
the CR inverse system: reducing the digital signal into a step signal through digital CR inverse transformation; the mathematical model when performing the CR inverse transformation process in the CR inverse system is X [ n +1] ═ K ∑ Y [ n +1] + Y [ n +1 ].
The CR system: the step signal is converted into negative exponential signal with adjustable width by digital CR, and the mathematical model when CR conversion is carried out in CR system is Z [ n +1]]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2)。
In this embodiment, the process of solving Vout is defined as a positive system with the known system and Vin, and the process of solving Vin is defined as an inverse system with the known system and Vout.
To verify that the signal conditioning of the present invention is achievable, the present example makes the following specific verification process.
First, according to the conventional analog PZC circuit in nuclear electronics, as shown in fig. 2, Rx is used to match an input signal, R is used to adjust the width of an output signal, and a high-speed signal can be designed in an active PZC mode, so that the signal driving capability is stronger. Then carrying out numerical value recursion, wherein the value of the adjustable resistor is RxAccording to the KCL law, the following voltage transfer formula can be established
Multiplying R at both sides simultaneouslyxTo obtain
Multiplication on both sides simultaneously
Then there is
Order to
Then the formula (3) can be simplified to
kx·(vi-vo)+d(vi-vo)＝k1·vo(4)
The continuous analog signal can be quickly discretized by a high-speed ADC, so v in the above formulai、voCan be written as x [ n ]]、y[n](discrete signal) and the resulting formula (5)
kx·(x[n]-y[n])+[x[n]-x[n-1]-(y[n])-y[n-1])]＝k1·y[n](5)
Is finished to obtain
(1+kx+k1)·y[n]＝(1+kx)·x[n]-x[n-1]+y[n-1](6)
Is finished to obtain
The formula (7) is the numerical value recursion of the polar-zero cancellation circuit, the signal of the output signal of the preamplifier after the digital polar-zero cancellation processing can be obtained by the recursion calling of the formula (7), and k is changedx、k1Can compensate for the input signal with different decay time constants by the zero-pole compensation. The formula is the result obtained after signal processing in the prior art.
Using standard negative exponential signals with different k1The values were subjected to digital polar-null-cancellation modeling simulation as shown in FIG. 3 (time t × 50ns on the abscissa and amplitude on the ordinate), the special case when k is1When equal to 0 (i.e. R is infinite)When is), y [ n ]]＝x[n]The output is equal to the input signal.
The method of the invention is to establish a physical model of the PZC system on the basis as shown in FIG. 4, namely, an input negative exponential signal firstly passes through a first-stage CR-1The system is reduced into a step signal, and the step signal passes through a first-stage CR system to obtain a signal with a required attenuation constant.
The inverse of the C-R differentiating circuit we define as the C-R inverse (i.e., CR as described herein)-1System), the CR is obtained by analysis of the digital solution of the CR system-1Digital solution of the system, and then CR-1The system and the CR system are cascaded to reconstruct a new digital PZC system.
The specific process is that V is shown in FIG. 5 in the CR systeminFor input signal, VoutFor the output signal, we have derived the digital solution of the CR positive system in the previous period (see the digital analysis and processing of nuclear signals published by zhou-ji bin, zhou-wei, wangming et al in atomic energy publishers of china in 2017, and the numerical analysis and digital simulation of nuclear signals published by zhou-ji bin, zhou-wei, wangming et al in atomic energy publishers of china in 2015):
taking a sufficiently small time interval, V can be adjustedinDigitalization as X (n), VoutThe numeration is y (n), and formula (8) can be converted into formula (9), n is 0, 1, 2 …, and K is dt/(RC).
The inverse system of the C-R differentiating circuit we define as the C-R inverse system. And (4) performing C-R inverse transformation on the formula (9) to obtain a formula (10).
X[n+1]-X[n]＝(1+K)*Y[n+1]-Y[n](10)
Is finished to obtain
X[n+1]-X[n]＝K*Y[n+1]+(Y[n+1]-Y[n]) (11)
Performing integral transformation on the formula (11), and obtaining the following formula when the initial value of the input and output signal is 0
X[n+1]＝K*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1](12)
This is the digital solution of the C-R inverse system, and the form of equation (12) is important and can be very conveniently implemented with a digital system as shown in FIG. 6.
After the actually acquired detector signal is passed through the system described in equation (12), the digital simulation results in the effect shown in fig. 7 (time t × 50ns on abscissa and amplitude on ordinate).
Setting signal Y [ n ] to pass through C-R inverse system to obtain signal X [ n ], signal X [ n ] to pass through C-R positive system to obtain signal Z [ n ], then deducing signal conversion process as follows:
the signal Xn is obtained by C-R system, the signal Zn is obtained by CR system digital solution formula (9)
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2) (13)
And the signal X [ n ]]Is by a signal Y [ n ]]Formula (12) obtained by C-R inverse transformation and integral transformation after CR inverse transformation]＝K1*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1]Is substituted into the formula (13) to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1(ΣY[n+1]-ΣY[n])+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2) (14)
Is finished to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1*Y[n+1]+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2) (15)
Further finishing to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+(1+K1)*Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2) (16)
Equation (16) is a numerical recursion of the numerical PZC system of fig. 4, and has a certain difference from equation (7), which is the prior result, wherein the transient analysis of section C-R in fig. 2 is equivalent to the system in fig. 8.
As can be seen from the circuit of fig. 8: k2＝Δt/(R2.C)＝Δt/(R1.Rx.C/(R1+Rx))
The formula can be simplified as:
K2＝Δt.(R1+Rx)/(R1.Rx.C)
then the item is disassembled to obtain
K2＝Δt/(R1.C)+Δt/(Rx.C)
Due to RxC is a parameter in constructing an inverse C-R system, and the values are the same as those in FIG. 10, so that k is1＝Δt/(R1.C),kx＝Δt/(RxC), then the following equation can be simplified:
K2＝k1+kx
combining equation 16, it can be obtained that when signal adjustment is performed, K is adjusted2The signal width can be adjusted by adjusting the value of (2). K2Becomes wider below Kx.
Since the present invention is based on digital processing, K can be converted during digital processing1Adjusted to any value, when kxThen there is K1＝kx。
k1＝Δt/(R1.C),kx＝Δt/(Rx.C)(RxC is a parameter in constructing an inverse C-R system, and the value is the same as in fig. 10), it can be said that equation (7) is equivalent to equation (16), and equation (7) is a specific solution of equation (16).
It can be seen that the function that can be realized by the formula (16) finally obtained by the present invention and the digital processing model of the present invention is more powerful, and in the formula (7), K is2＝kx+k1>kxSo the output signal can only be narrower than the input signal as shown in the digital-to-analog diagram of FIG. 2, and equation (16) can allow K2<KxThereby realizing two functions of digital widening and narrowing of the pulse, as shown in a digital analog output signal of figure 9 (the abscissa is time t × 50ns, and the ordinate is amplitude), and accurately describing the functions of the system shown in the model of the PZC system (figure 4) in the invention.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 kernel signal processing: inputting the nuclear signal into the PZC circuit, and adjusting the width of the output signal;
s2 analog-to-digital conversion: converting the analog signal output in S1 into a digital signal by an ADC;
s3, the digital signal is restored to a step signal through digital CR inverse transformation;
and S4, converting the step signal through digital CR to obtain a negative exponential signal with adjustable width.
2. The method for adjusting pulse width based on digital PZC system of claim 1 wherein the digital solution of inverse CR transform in S3 is as follows: digital solution formula based on CR system
Wherein, X (n) is input signal digitalization, Y (n) is output signal digitalization, K is dt/(RC), the formula is obtained by inverse CR transform
X[n+1]-X[n]＝(1+K)*Y[n+1]-Y[n]
Is finished to obtain
X[n+1]-X[n]＝K*Y[n+1]+(Y[n+1]-Y[n])
The formula is subjected to integral transformation to obtain
X [ n +1] ═ K ∑ Y [ n +1] + Y [ n +1] to implement the digital CR inverse transform.
3. A method for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the digital solution of CR transform in S4 is as follows: the signal Y [ n ] is passed through digital C-R inverse system to obtain signal X [ n ], and the signal X [ n ] is passed through digital C-R system to obtain signal Z [ n ]
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2)
The formula X [ n +1] obtained after the inverse transformation of the digital CR is used]＝K1*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1]Is substituted into the above formula to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1(ΣY[n+1]-ΣY[n])+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2)
Is finished to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+K1*Y[n+1]+Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2)
Further finishing to obtain
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+(1+K1)*Y[n+1]-Y[n])/(1+K2) I.e. a numerical recursion of the digital PZC system.
4. A system for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system, comprising:
a nuclear signal detector: converting the radiation into a nuclear signal;
PZC circuit: the circuit is used for adjusting the signal width, inputting the nuclear signal into the PZC circuit and adjusting the width of the output signal;
an analog-to-digital conversion module: the PZC is used for converting the analog signal output after being regulated by the PZC into a digital signal;
the CR inverse system: reducing the digital signal into a step signal through digital CR inverse transformation;
the CR system: and converting the step signal through digital CR to obtain a negative index signal with adjustable width.
5. The system for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system according to claim 4, wherein: the digital model adopted for carrying out inverse CR transform in the inverse CR transform system is
X[n+1]＝K*ΣY[n+1]+Y[n+1]。
6. The system for adjusting pulse width based on a digital PZC system according to claim 4, wherein: the digital model adopted for CR conversion in the CR system is
Z[n+1]＝(Z[n]+X[n+1]-X[n])/(1+K2)。
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| CN112511140A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-16 | 清华大学 | High-voltage level shifting double-narrow pulse generating circuit capable of on-chip gating and fine tuning |
| CN112564634A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 重庆中易智芯科技有限责任公司 | Front-end reading circuit applied to radiation detector |
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