CN111695306A - Valve transient characteristic simulation method based on three-dimensional water hammer CFD - Google Patents
Valve transient characteristic simulation method based on three-dimensional water hammer CFD Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a valve transient characteristic simulation method based on a three-dimensional water hammer CFD, which comprises the following steps: constructing a three-dimensional mathematical model control equation of a pipeline containing a ball valve; according to the working condition example, a three-dimensional simulation model of the pipeline containing the ball valve is created; carrying out grid division on the three-dimensional simulation model, and carrying out grid encryption on the boundary layer part and the ball valve part to determine a three-dimensional mathematical model calculation domain; introducing a water body compressible state equation, a water hammer wave velocity equation and a ball valve dynamic switch control function; and determining initial conditions and boundary conditions according to the working condition examples, solving a control equation of the three-dimensional mathematical model, and monitoring the transient characteristics of the ball valve. According to the method, on the basis of three-dimensional simulation, the influences of the compressibility of the water body and the viscous bottom layer on a simulation result are fully considered, the transient process of dynamic closing of the ball valve in the pipeline is accurately and visually reproduced by using the three-dimensional simulation model, the simulation accuracy is improved, and reference is provided for the pipeline transient working condition example.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to calculation of a hydraulic numerical value of a hydropower station (pump station), in particular to a valve transient characteristic simulation method based on a three-dimensional water hammer CFD.
Background
Hydraulic transition processes often occur in various pressure-bearing pipe systems, including cross-basin long-distance water delivery projects, hydroelectric power stations and pump stations, municipal water supply systems, and agricultural irrigation systems. Normal or accidental pump or turbine closure or rapid valve opening and closing often causes abnormal pressure fluctuations and even water hammer, which can lead to pipe rupture and damage to other flow devices. Therefore, accurate numerical simulation of the water hammer phenomenon is crucial to proper design and safe operation of the piping system.
The traditional numerical simulation method is one-dimensional numerical simulation adopting a characteristic line method, although the calculation speed of the simulation method is high, because the traditional one-dimensional numerical simulation method is over simplified to the actual situation, the shear stress of the pipeline is approximated by using a steady state dissipation formula, the energy dissipation of the pipeline is often underestimated, and the simulation precision is deficient. On the basis, in order to improve the numerical accuracy of the water hammer pressure, a dynamic friction model is added, but a one-dimensional simulation mode is still adopted, and a larger error still exists between a simulation result and experimental data.
For transient pipeline flow, three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out on the transient pipeline flow on the basis of experiments in related papers, but the papers do not fully consider the influence of a viscous bottom layer and do not deeply research transient change of a ball valve. Because the vortex body has three-dimensional characteristics, the vortex quantity of the pipe wall is difficult to accurately simulate by a one-dimensional method, and the relation between the dynamic vortex quantity and the energy dissipation is described. In addition, when the traditional one-dimensional method is used for treating dynamic hydraulic loss caused by valve closing in abnormal pipeline fluid flow, the flow state is assumed to be stable, and the energy loss is consistent under the same speed, but in the engineering example, the transient dynamic characteristic of the closing ball valve and the unstable flow characteristic of local vortex and backflow in the valve closing process are complex three-dimensional flow problems and are difficult to determine by a one-dimensional method or experimental measures.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the application aims to provide a valve transient characteristic simulation method based on a three-dimensional water hammer CFD, which is used for overcoming the defect of large simulation error in the existing method.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a valve transient characteristic simulation method based on a three-dimensional water hammer CFD, which comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a control equation of a three-dimensional mathematical model of a pipeline containing a ball valve;
(2) according to the working condition example, a three-dimensional simulation model of the pipeline containing the ball valve is created;
(3) carrying out grid division on the three-dimensional simulation model, and carrying out grid encryption on the boundary layer part and the ball valve part to determine a three-dimensional mathematical model calculation domain;
(4) introducing a water body compressibility state equation and a water hammer wave velocity equation for describing water compressibility;
(5) introducing a ball valve dynamic switch control function for carrying out ball valve dynamic closing operation;
(6) and determining initial conditions and boundary conditions according to the working condition examples, solving a control equation of the three-dimensional mathematical model, and monitoring the transient characteristics of the ball valve.
Further, the three-dimensional mathematical model constructed in step (1) is represented by the following control equation:
where ρ is the water density, t is the time,
is a vector of the velocity of the beam,
and
flow velocity vectors in the directions of i and j, water body pressure p,
is a shear force which is a force of shearing,
is the acceleration of the force of gravity,
is the volumetric force.
Further, in the step (2), the three-dimensional simulation model adopts a structure of 'first reservoir-first pipeline-ball valve-second pipeline-second reservoir', wherein the ball valve is cut into independent units.
Further, the water body compressible state equation is specifically expressed as:
the water hammer wave velocity equation is specifically expressed as:
wherein, KfThe bulk modulus of fluid, D the inner diameter of the pipe, E the bulk modulus of the pipe, and E the wall thickness.
Further, the ball valve dynamic switch control function is specifically expressed as:
wherein, omega is the angular velocity of the ball valve, t is time, theta is the rotation angle of the ball valve, t1The ball valve closure time.
Further, in the step (4), the compressibility of the water body is described by adopting a liquid model introducing a compressible source term, and a turbulence model is coupled on the basis of solving a continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation, so that the whole solving system is closed.
Further, the turbulence model uses the SST k- ω turbulence model.
Further, the initial conditions include: the fluid state and the pressure of a water inlet and a water outlet in the area and the full flow channel are calculated in an auxiliary mode;
the boundary conditions include: pipeline wall surface state, ball valve dynamic closing, first reservoir and second reservoir boundary constant pressure.
The application also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions can realize the above valve transient characteristic simulation method based on the three-dimensional water hammer CFD when being executed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the simulation method disclosed by the application has the following advantages:
(1) the water hammer wave velocity is introduced into CFD calculation software by defining the compressibility of the water body, so that the method is closer to reality;
(2) the influence of the friction resistance of the boundary layer is considered by encrypting the boundary layer grids and selecting a proper turbulence model, the three-dimensional transient flow in the liquid can be more accurately simulated by introducing the turbulence model, and the influence of the boundary layer on the flow is further simulated;
(3) the flow velocity field and the pressure field of any section of the whole flow channel at any calculation time can be visually and dynamically reproduced;
(4) the transient change of the fluid caused by the closing of the valve in the pressure pipeline is simulated finely.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a valve transient simulation method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional simulation model in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pipeline structure meshing of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the calculated results of water hammer pressure fluctuations with experimental results in the simulation example of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a calculated ball valve partial flow field in a simulation example of the present application;
fig. 6 is a graph of the calculated pressure of a ball valve section in a simulation example of the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
the invention provides a method for simulating transient characteristics of a valve based on a three-dimensional water hammer CFD (computational fluid dynamics), which comprises the following steps of:
s101, a control equation of a three-dimensional mathematical model of a pipeline containing the ball valve is constructed. Specifically, the constructed three-dimensional mathematical model is represented by the following control equation:
where ρ is the water density, t is the time,
is a vector of the velocity of the beam,
and
i and j direction flow velocity vectors respectively, p is water body pressure,
is a shear force which is a force of shearing,
is the acceleration of the force of gravity,
is the volumetric force.
S102, according to the working condition example, a three-dimensional simulation model of the pipeline containing the ball valve is created. Specifically, in this embodiment, according to an engineering example, an ANSYS software design model may be used to create a three-dimensional model of the pressure pipeline, and the ball valve is completely opened at the beginning, as shown in fig. 3, the three-dimensional simulation model is a structure of "first reservoir-first pipeline-ball valve-second pipeline-second reservoir", where the ball valve is cut into independent units. The first reservoir 201 and the second reservoir 205 may be set as an upstream reservoir and a downstream reservoir, respectively, the first pipeline 202 and the second pipeline 204 may be an upstream water pipe and a downstream water pipe, respectively, and the ball valve 203 is disposed between the upstream water pipe and the downstream water pipe and connects the upstream water pipe and the downstream water pipe. 206 is the air above the reservoir.
S103, the three-dimensional simulation model is subjected to grid division, and grid encryption is performed on the boundary layer part and the ball valve part to determine a three-dimensional mathematical model calculation domain. Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the created three-dimensional simulation model is poured into an ANSYS software ICEM module, each boundary surface is defined, and a grid is divided to determine a calculation domain. The calculation domain is the whole three-dimensional simulation model, including upstream and downstream reservoirs, pipelines and valves. The whole calculation domain adopts a structural grid, namely a hexahedral grid, and the encryption is carried out on the pipe wall part and the ball valve part.
And S104, introducing a water body compressibility state equation and a water hammer wave velocity equation for describing water body compressibility. The compressibility of the water body is described by adopting a liquid model introducing a compressible source item, and a turbulence model is coupled on the basis of solving a continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation, so that the whole solving system is closed. The turbulence model adopts an SST k-omega turbulence model.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the water body compressibility state equation and the water hammer wave velocity equation may be added using a user-defined function udf (user definefunctions).
The water density equation is used as a water compressible state equation and is specifically expressed as:
the water hammer wave velocity equation is specifically expressed as:
wherein, KfThe bulk modulus of fluid, D the inner diameter of the pipe, E the bulk modulus of the pipe, and E the wall thickness.
The turbulence model can represent the change law of turbulence in calculation and simultaneously acts on a viscous bottom layer, and the influence of a boundary layer on the flow is further simulated, so that the three-dimensional transient flow in the liquid is more accurately simulated.
And S105, introducing a ball valve dynamic on-off control function for performing ball valve dynamic closing operation. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, a user-defined function UDF may be used to add a ball valve dynamic switch control function according to a dynamic closing rule of a ball valve, which is specifically represented as:
wherein, omega is the angular velocity of the ball valve, t is time, theta is the rotation angle of the ball valve, t1The ball valve closure time.
S106, determining initial conditions and boundary conditions according to the working condition examples, solving a control equation of the three-dimensional mathematical model, and monitoring transient characteristics of the ball valve. The initial conditions include: two auxiliary calculation areas established upstream and downstream, fluid states in a full flow channel and pressures of a water inlet and a water outlet; the boundary conditions include: pipeline wall surface state, ball valve dynamic closing, first reservoir and second reservoir boundary constant pressure.
Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, three-dimensional simulation software may be used to solve the control equation:
and importing the divided grid file into an ANSYS software FLUENT module, and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions according to working condition examples.
After the setting, the control equation is solved to obtain a simulation result of the transient characteristics of the ball valve.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions can realize the valve transient characteristic simulation method based on the three-dimensional water hammer CFD when being executed.
Simulation verification:
the ball valve transient simulation method is verified through a working condition example. In the modeling process, some components which do not influence the hydraulic characteristics in the flow channel are simplified, and a simplified simulation system is shown in figure 2. The system mainly comprises the following components: the system comprises an upstream reservoir, an upstream water conveying pipeline, a ball valve, a downstream water conveying pipeline and a downstream reservoir. The simulation object of the embodiment is a water hammer experiment of a pressure pipeline, the length of the pipeline is 37.23m, the inner diameter of the pipeline is 22.1mm, the propagation speed of water hammer waves is 1319m/s, the experiment has three working conditions, the upstream water head is 32m, and the flow velocity in the pipeline is 0.1m/s, 0.2m/s and 0.3m/s respectively.
The settings for the initial and boundary conditions are as follows:
initial conditions
A. Setting an auxiliary calculation area and a whole flow channel to be a single phase, namely all liquid water, and loading a water body compressible state equation UDF;
B. according to the working condition example, gravity is added in the auxiliary calculation area and the full runner, so that the pressure of the water inlet and the water outlet is consistent with the actual condition;
boundary condition
A. Wall surface: static, smooth and no slippage;
B. the dynamic closing process of the ball valve: loading a ball valve to close the UDF, and controlling the dynamic closing of the UDF;
C. upstream and downstream reservoirs: constant pressure boundary.
The simulation method is adopted to carry out simulation calculation on the working condition example, the calculation result is compared with the experimental data, as shown in figure 4, the coincidence degree of the curve drawn by the three-dimensional calculation result and the curve drawn by the experimental result is very high, and the peak value is almost coincident, so that the simulation method can effectively simulate the flow speed and pressure change of the water pump of the pumped storage power station in the working condition transition process.
And the visibility of a full-flow-channel speed field and a pressure field in the transition process is realized by utilizing post-processing software Tecplot. FIG. 5 is a velocity field diagram of a ball valve and associated piping, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a dynamic valve-closing condition and FIG. 5(b) is a static valve-closing condition. Fig. 6 is a pressure field diagram of a ball valve and its associated piping, where fig. 6(a) is a dynamic valve-closing condition and fig. 6(b) is a static valve-closing condition. The three-dimensional calculation result can completely meet the requirement on precision, the types of output data are various, and the output result is more visual.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Claims (9)
1. A valve transient characteristic simulation method based on a three-dimensional water hammer CFD is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a control equation of a three-dimensional mathematical model of a pipeline containing a ball valve;
(2) according to the working condition example, a three-dimensional simulation model of the pipeline containing the ball valve is created;
(3) carrying out grid division on the three-dimensional simulation model, and carrying out grid encryption on a boundary layer part and a ball valve part to determine a three-dimensional mathematical model calculation domain;
(4) introducing a water body compressibility state equation and a water hammer wave velocity equation for describing water compressibility;
(5) introducing a ball valve dynamic switch control function for carrying out ball valve dynamic closing operation;
(6) and determining initial conditions and boundary conditions according to the working condition examples, solving a control equation of the three-dimensional mathematical model, and monitoring the transient characteristics of the ball valve.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional mathematical model constructed in step (1) is represented by the following governing equation:
where ρ is the density of the body of water and t isThe time of day is,
is a vector of the velocity of the beam,
and
flow velocity vectors in the directions of i and j, water body pressure p,
is a shear force which is a force of shearing,
is the acceleration of the force of gravity,
is the volumetric force.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the three-dimensional simulation model adopts a structure of 'first reservoir-first pipeline-ball valve-second pipeline-second reservoir', wherein the ball valve is cut into independent units.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the water body compressibility equation of state is specifically expressed as:
the water hammer wave velocity equation is specifically expressed as:
wherein, KfThe bulk modulus of fluid, D the inner diameter of the pipe, E the bulk modulus of the pipe, and E the wall thickness.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ball valve dynamic on-off control function is specified as:
wherein, omega is the angular velocity of the ball valve, t is time, theta is the rotation angle of the ball valve, t1The ball valve closure time.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the compressibility of the water body is described by adopting a liquid model introducing a compressible source term, and the turbulence model is coupled on the basis of solving a continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation, so that the whole solving system is closed.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the turbulence model is an SST k- ω turbulence model.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the initial conditions comprise: the fluid state and the pressure of a water inlet and a water outlet in the area and the full flow channel are calculated in an auxiliary mode;
the boundary conditions include: pipeline wall surface state, ball valve dynamic closing, first reservoir and second reservoir boundary constant pressure.
9. A computer readable storage medium comprising computer instructions which, when executed, implement the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112765883A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-07 | 电子科技大学 | Method for determining valve closing process based on genetic algorithm and neural network |
| CN113203516A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-03 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Reservoir pipeline transient pressure data analysis system and measurement method |
| CN113255140A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-13 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Valve rod design method of quick ball valve |
| CN113639987A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-11-12 | 广州市自来水有限公司 | Valve state detection system and method based on transient flow |
| CN114167716A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 江苏海博流体控制有限公司 | Regulation type electric execution method and mechanism based on flow control |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112765883A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-07 | 电子科技大学 | Method for determining valve closing process based on genetic algorithm and neural network |
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| CN113255140A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-13 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Valve rod design method of quick ball valve |
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| CN114167716A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 江苏海博流体控制有限公司 | Regulation type electric execution method and mechanism based on flow control |
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