CN111693455A - Drilling fluid mud cake generation test method - Google Patents
Drilling fluid mud cake generation test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111693455A CN111693455A CN202010410514.XA CN202010410514A CN111693455A CN 111693455 A CN111693455 A CN 111693455A CN 202010410514 A CN202010410514 A CN 202010410514A CN 111693455 A CN111693455 A CN 111693455A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drilling fluid mud cake generation test method. The method comprises the following steps: placing an oil separation sleeve on the outer periphery of the test rock sample, and filling filler in the annular space between the oil separation sleeve and the test rock sample; a confining pressure oil accommodating cavity is formed between the confining pressure cylinder and the oil separation sleeve; fixing one end of a test rock sample, and loading axial stress to a preset value at the other end of the test rock sample; oil is injected into the confining pressure oil containing cavity to enable the oil separation sleeve to form internal and external pressure difference; applying radial stress to the peripheral wall of the confining pressure cylinder to a preset value to simulate horizontal ground stress of the stratum at different depths; injecting drilling fluid into a drilling fluid containing cavity formed by an annular space inside the test rock sample and applying stress to a set stress value; heating the environment of the test rock sample to a preset temperature; observing or recording the process of the formation of the mud cake of the drilling fluid. The method can well restore the process of generating mud cakes by the filtration loss of the drilling fluid in the drilling process, and can provide a powerful theoretical basis for exploring the problem of borehole wall instability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well drilling engineering, in particular to a drilling fluid mud cake generation test shaft simulation mechanism and system.
Background
During the drilling process, the drilling fluid is lost due to the osmosis of the well wall, and the filtrate enters the stratum. In the process of drilling fluid filtration loss, mud cakes with certain thickness are generated on the surface of a well wall due to the accumulation of solid particles in the drilling fluid, and the mud cakes of the drilling fluid play an extremely important role in controlling the filtration loss of the drilling fluid, maintaining the stability of the well wall and lubricating the well wall. After the filter cake forms on the wellbore wall, the permeability decreases, preventing or slowing the continued invasion of the drilling fluid into the formation. The loss of filtrate from the drilling fluid is inevitable during drilling and a filter cake can be formed by the filtrate to protect the well wall. Therefore, the formation of mud cake is very important to prevent the water phase in the drilling fluid from invading the stratum and to maintain the stability of the well wall.
The filtration loss of the drilling fluid is closely related to the permeability of a stratum, the permeability of a medium-deep hard and brittle shale matrix in the Bohai middle region is extremely low, nearly horizontal bedding is distributed in the shale, numerous micro cracks provide seepage channels for the drilling fluid, a water phase in the drilling fluid enters the stratum by taking the micro cracks as the seepage channels, and the drilling fluid can form a mud cake on a well wall due to the seepage of the drilling fluid, so that the seepage of the drilling fluid is prevented, and the hydration of the shale stratum caused by the water phase in the drilling fluid entering the stratum, the instability of the well wall and other complex accidents are prevented. In recent years, in the face of the requirements of exploration and development of oil and gas resources at home and abroad, the stratum conditions encountered by drilling are more and more complex, and the problem of instability of the shale well wall is more and more complex, however, deep knowledge is not provided for evaluation of the brittle shale well wall mud cake containing micro cracks, and at present, a test device and a method for efficiently simulating the state of a real stratum mud cake are not available.
In the drilling process, the mechanism of the borehole instability of the hard and brittle shale is always an academic controversial aspect, so that an indoor test is necessary to be carried out, support is provided for theoretical analysis and numerical simulation comprehensive research, the mechanism of the borehole instability of the hard and brittle shale is particularly disclosed, and technical support is provided for safe and rapid drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drilling fluid mud cake generation test method, which is used for simulating the formation of a mud cake in a drilling process and further evaluating the mud cake so as to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the drilling process of deep fracture hard and brittle mud shale.
The invention provides a drilling fluid mud cake generation test method, which comprises the following steps:
placing an oil separation sleeve on the outer periphery of a test rock sample, and filling filler in an annular space between the oil separation sleeve and the test rock sample;
a confining pressure oil accommodating cavity is formed between the confining pressure cylinder and the oil separating sleeve;
fixing one end of the test rock sample, and loading axial stress to a preset value to simulate vertical stress of the stratum at different depths;
oil liquid is injected into the confining pressure oil containing cavity to enable the oil separation sleeve to form internal and external pressure difference;
applying radial stress to the peripheral wall of the confining pressure cylinder to a preset value to simulate horizontal ground stress of the stratum at different depths;
injecting drilling fluid into a drilling fluid containing cavity formed by the annular space inside the test rock sample and applying stress to a set stress value;
heating the environment of the test rock sample to a preset temperature;
observing or recording the process of the formation of the mud cake of the drilling fluid.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the compressive strength of the filler is equal to or greater than 60 MPa.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the filler is spherical in shape and the filler is solid ceramsite.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the magnitude of the far field formation permeability is varied by varying the size of the particle size of the filler.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the drilling fluid stress in the drilling fluid containment chamber is controlled by a spill control valve.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the environment of the test rock sample is heated to a preset temperature by arranging a heating ring on the outer wall of the confining pressure cylinder.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the top of the test rock sample is sealed with the oil separation sleeve, and the bottom of the test rock sample is sealed with the oil separation sleeve; the confining pressure oil accommodating cavity forms a closed space outside the oil separation sleeve.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the test is controlled by monitoring the pressure in the radial direction above the inside of the confining oil containing cavity and the axial direction below the outside of the confining oil containing cavity and by monitoring the temperature outside the upper end of the test rock sample.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the confining pressure oil pump injects oil into the confining pressure accommodating cavity, and the confining pressure oil pump and the confining pressure accommodating cavity form a circulation path to monitor whether the confining pressure accommodating cavity is filled with the confining pressure oil or not.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the overflow valve is used for overflowing to control the liquid column pressure of the drilling liquid.
The technical scheme of the invention can be used as a simulation test of the interaction between the drilling fluid and the stratum, and can well reduce the process of forming mud cakes on the wall of the well in the drilling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a drilling fluid mud cake quality test device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wellbore simulation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the wellbore simulation mechanism of FIG. 2 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
the device comprises a shaft A simulation mechanism, a temperature and pressure control device B, a drilling fluid operation device C, a support 1, a pressure enclosing cylinder 2, an axial loading plunger 3, an oil separation sleeve 4, a test rock sample 5, ceramsite 6, a containing cavity 7, a sealing gasket 8, a sealing gasket 9, a pressure sensor 10, a pressure sensor 11, a pressure sensor 12, a pressure enclosing containing cavity 13, an axial loading base 15, an axial loading plunger pump 16, a radial loading plunger pump 17, an overflow control valve 18, a confining pressure oil pump 19, a drilling fluid piston pump 20, a flow control valve 21, a flow control valve 22, a flow control valve 23, a flow control valve 24, a temperature sensor 25, a control system 26, a confining pressure containing cavity base 27, a temperature loader 28, a bottom fixing part 29, a top fixing part 30, a pressure gauge 31, a flow control valve 32, an inner wall of a confining pressure enclosing cylinder 33 and.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
The invention discloses a mechanism for developing indoor tests to reveal the instability of the oil well wall, particularly the hard and brittle shale well wall, provides support for theoretical analysis and numerical simulation comprehensive research, and further provides technical support for safe and rapid drilling.
As shown in fig. 1, the system based on the testing method of the present invention mainly comprises a wellbore simulation mechanism a, a temperature and pressure control device B and a drilling fluid operation device C.
For testing, a test rock sample 5 is prepared, the inner bore of which test rock sample 5 forms a drilling fluid receiving chamber 7.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to simulate the landform and the loss process of the oil well as truly as possible, the wellbore simulation mechanism a provided by the present invention mainly includes:
the stratum simulation filler 6 can be coaxially arranged outside the test rock sample 5 and used for simulating a far-field stratum, the compressive strength of the filler is preferably greater than or equal to 60MPa in consideration of the condition that the filler simulates the stratum, and meanwhile, in order to ensure that a shaft simulation mechanism can be smoothly carried out, the filler is preferably spherical in shape and is used as a material for simulating the stratum filler, such as solid ceramsite and other materials.
And the oil separation sleeve 4 can be coaxially arranged at the outermost side of the test rock sample 5 and the stratum simulation packing and is used for separating oil on the periphery from a shaft mechanism, and is preferably an insulating oil separation heat-shrinkable sleeve which is convenient for fixing the rock sample and fixing the top and the bottom.
The top fixture 30 may be a pad, which may be coaxially disposed on top of the test rock sample 5; of course, the structure may not be limited in this manner.
The bottom fixture 29 may be a spacer type base, which is coaxially disposed at the bottom of the test rock sample for fixing the test rock sample;
a top pad 9 positionable between the top pad 30 and the test rock sample 5;
a bottom spacer 8 may be disposed between the bottom fixture 29 and the test rock sample 5.
The top gasket 9 and the bottom gasket 8 are provided with through holes in the center to communicate with the internal passages of the upper and lower fixtures.
The top gasket 9 and the bottom gasket 8 are used for sealing the top and the bottom of the test rock sample and preventing the drilling fluid from leaking.
Of course, the above components are not all necessary and can be changed according to the needs.
The warm-pressure control device B mainly includes:
the confining pressure cylinder 2 is arranged at the periphery of the shaft simulation mechanism, and a confining pressure containing cavity is formed between the confining pressure cylinder and the shaft simulation mechanism so as to inject oil into the confining pressure containing cavity and form a pressure difference with the pressure in the shaft simulation mechanism so as to simulate the injection of drilling fluid;
the temperature loader 28 can be set as a heating ring, and the heating ring 28 is arranged on the periphery of the confining pressure cylinder 2 and used for heating the whole shaft simulation mechanism (heat can be conducted through oil liquid in the confining pressure containing cavity 13); of course the heating means may not be limited in this way;
the axial loading plunger pump 16 is arranged at the bottom of the confining pressure cylinder 2 and used for loading axial stress on the shaft simulation mechanism;
the confining pressure oil pump 19 can be communicated with a confining pressure accommodating cavity 13 formed in the confining pressure cylinder 2 at the upper position and the lower position of the confining pressure cylinder 2 through a flow pipeline, oil can be injected into the micro-pressure cavity 13, and the flow pipeline can be provided with flow control valves 21, 22, 23 and 24;
and the radial loading plunger pump 17 is communicated with the inner wall 33 of the confining pressure cylinder through a pressurizing pipeline, and is used for loading radial stress on the shaft simulating mechanism by extruding the cylinder wall.
And the axial loading plunger 3 is abutted to the top of the confining pressure cylinder 2 and is used for being connected and fixed with the bracket 1 so as to load axial stress.
The confining pressure cylinder base 27 is arranged at the upper end of the axial loading plunger pump 16, a flow pipeline is arranged in the confining pressure cylinder base 27, and the confining pressure cylinder base 27 can be communicated with a shaft simulation mechanism through the axial loading base 15;
the axial loading base 15 can be arranged on the upper part of the confining pressure cylinder base 27.
The confining pressure cylinder can be designed into a mode that a cover is arranged at the upper part, a communication port is arranged on the cover, a base is arranged at the opening at the lower part, or a mode that a bottom is arranged at the lower part of the confining pressure cylinder, and the structure can be properly changed.
The bracket 1 can be used for supporting the whole temperature and pressure control device.
Of course, the above components are not all necessary and can be changed according to the needs.
The drilling fluid working device C may comprise:
the drilling fluid pump 20 is communicated with the drilling fluid accommodating cavity 7 through a flow pipeline;
an overflow control valve 18, the overflow control valve 18 being disposed at the rear of a flow line through which the drilling fluid pump 20 communicates, that is, downstream of the wellbore simulation mechanism, so as to control the pressure in the oil separation cylinder;
a flow control valve 32, the flow control valve 32 being arranged on the flow line between the drilling fluid pump 20 and the drilling fluid housing chamber 7;
and the pressure gauge 31, and the flow control valve 31 is arranged on a flow pipeline between the drilling fluid pump 20 and the drilling fluid accommodating cavity 7.
Of course, the above components are not all necessary and can be changed according to the needs.
The system may further comprise a data acquisition mechanism, and the data acquisition mechanism may comprise:
the pressure sensor 10 can be arranged at the entrance of a drilling fluid containing cavity in the shaft simulation mechanism, and is used for monitoring the pressure in the shaft of the shaft simulation mechanism;
the pressure sensor 11 can be arranged inside the confining pressure cylinder and used for monitoring the magnitude of the applied radial stress;
a pressure sensor 12, said pressure sensor 12 being arrangeable outside the axial loading mount 15 for monitoring the magnitude of the applied axial stress;
a temperature sensor 25 arranged outside the wellbore simulating arrangement for monitoring the temperature of the wellbore simulating arrangement;
the pressure difference between the pressure sensor 10 and the pressure sensor 11 is the pressure difference of the drilling fluid which is subjected to fluid loss.
The top fixture 30 and the bottom fixture 29 may be secured at both ends of the test rock sample 5 by insulating heat shrink sleeves.
The size of the far-field formation permeability can be changed by changing the size of the particle size of the filler simulating the formation.
During the test, when the pressure gauge 31 shows pressure increase, the flow control valve 32 can be closed, the pressure control valve 25 can be opened, and the drilling fluid pressure in the drilling fluid containing cavity 7 can be applied through a pressure line.
The flow control valves 21, 22, 23, and 24 may be used to control the confining pressure oil to enter the confining pressure accommodating chamber, and when the confining pressure accommodating chamber is filled with the confining pressure oil, the flow control valve 24 should be closed first, and then the remaining flow control valves 21, 22, and 23 should be closed.
In the above solution, the pressure control of the present invention forms a pseudo-triaxial pressure control system, which includes: an axial pressure control system and a radial pressure control system, wherein the axial pressure control system mainly relates to an axial loading plunger pump 16 and a confining pressure cylinder base 27; the radial pressure control system mainly relates to a confining pressure oil pump 19, a confining pressure cylinder 2, a radial loading plunger pump 17 and a confining pressure cylinder base 27.
Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, when the system is used for a drilling fluid mud cake generation test, the following operations are mainly carried out:
firstly, fixing a test rock sample 5 by using the outer edge insulating heat-shrinkable sleeve (namely, oil-separating sleeve) 4, forming an annular space between the test rock sample 5 and the outer edge insulating heat-shrinkable sleeve (namely, oil-separating sleeve) 4, filling ceramsite in the annular space between the outer edge insulating heat-shrinkable sleeve 4 and the test rock sample 5, fixing the test rock sample 5 by using the top fixing piece 30 and the bottom fixing piece 29, and placing the test rock sample on the axial loading base 16;
then, the pressure sensor 11 and the pressure sensor 12 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the confining pressure cylinder 2 and the outer side of the axial loading base 15, and a temperature sensor 25 is arranged on the outer side of the top fixing piece 30 of the shaft simulating mechanism, and all the pressure sensors 11 and the pressure sensors (2 and the temperature sensors 25 are connected with the temperature and pressure control system 26 through data lines;
then, the confining pressure cylinder 2 is lowered to a confining pressure cylinder base 27, and a confining pressure oil containing cavity 13 is formed between the confining pressure cylinder 2 and the shaft simulation mechanism and used for storing confining pressure oil so as to apply radial stress conveniently;
then, the confining pressure oil pump 19 injects oil into the confining pressure oil accommodating chamber 13 through a flow pipeline, and the flow control valve 21, the flow control valve 22, the flow control valve 23 and the flow control valve 24 are installed on each flow pipeline so as to control the oil pressure in the confining pressure oil accommodating chamber;
then, opening the axial loading plunger pump 16 in the temperature and pressure control system, applying axial stress to the wellbore simulation mechanism through the axial loading plunger pump 16 to a preset value to simulate vertical stress of a stratum at different depths, opening the radial loading plunger pump 17 in the temperature and pressure control system, applying radial stress to the confining pressure cylinder 2 through the radial loading plunger pump 17 to a preset value to simulate horizontal ground stress of the stratum at different depths, injecting drilling fluid into the drilling fluid accommodating cavity 7 formed by the inner annular space of the test rock sample through the drilling fluid piston pump 20 while applying radial stress through the radial loading plunger pump, applying stress to the stress set by the overflow control valve 32, and simultaneously opening the heating ring 28 to heat the wellbore simulation mechanism to a preset temperature;
then, the control system 26 collects test data measured by the pressure sensor 11, the pressure sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 25 in real time;
and then, after the drilling fluid operation system circulates the drilling fluid for a period of time, dismantling the test equipment, taking out the test rock sample, observing the annular well wall in the test rock sample, and storing test data.
Optionally, the method further comprises the steps of: closing the warm-pressing control mechanism, respectively relieving the confining pressure containing cavity 2, the drilling fluid operation system and the axial and radial loads, disassembling the test device for evaluating the quality of the drilling fluid mud cake in the hard and brittle shale formation, recovering the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and discarding the outer edge insulating thermal shrinkage sleeve and the ceramsite together.
Optionally, the steps are repeated to measure the quality and the change rule of the hard and brittle shale stratum drilling and worship liquid mud cakes of different drilling fluid types, densities, well depths, stratum conditions and temperatures.
Optionally, the drilling fluid is configured according to field data in a test preparation stage.
Optionally, a pressure gauge is installed on a flow line of the drilling fluid operation system to monitor pressure changes of the drilling fluid operation system.
Optionally, the diameter of the top fixing piece and the diameter of the bottom fixing piece in the shaft simulation mechanism are the same as the diameter of the outer insulation heat shrinkable sleeve, and an annulus with the same size as the test rock sample is formed in the top fixing piece and the bottom fixing piece.
Optionally, the shaft simulation mechanism is sealed by an insulating gasket at the top of the test rock sample to prevent the drilling fluid from leaking into the ceramsite formation from the upper part, and ensure that the drilling fluid forms radial fluid loss in the shaft.
Optionally, the shaft simulation mechanism is sealed with an insulating gasket at the bottom of the test rock sample to prevent the drilling fluid from penetrating.
Optionally, the confining pressure cylinder is fixedly supported by a bracket and a confining pressure cylinder base.
Optionally, a flow pipeline connecting the confining pressure oil pump and the confining pressure barrel is provided with 4 flow control valves for controlling flow switches of the confining pressure oil pump.
Optionally, the drilling fluid pump and the confining pressure oil pump control flow circulation through a flow control valve.
It should be noted that, the above steps are not all necessarily provided, and the sequence is not limited thereto, and may be adjusted according to actual operations.
Examples
As shown in figure 1, the simulation test device for evaluating the quality of the drilling fluid mud cake in the hard and brittle shale formation, provided by the invention, mainly comprises a shaft simulation mechanism, a temperature and pressure control device and a drilling fluid operation device.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the wellbore simulation structure includes: the test device comprises an insulating thermal shrinkable sleeve 4 coaxial with the test rock sample 5, ceramsite 6 filled in an annular space between the test rock sample 5 and the coaxial thermal shrinkable sleeve 4, a sealing gasket 9 and a sealing gasket 8 at the top end and the lower end of the test rock sample, a top fixing piece 30 and a bottom fixing piece 29 for fixing the test rock sample 5. And a drilling fluid accommodating cavity 7 formed by the inner hole of the test rock sample 5 is communicated with a drilling fluid channel in the upper fixing piece and the lower fixing piece so as to accommodate the drilling fluid. The bottom fixture 29 has an annulus 34 therein.
Warm-pressing control mechanism includes: the confining pressure barrel 2 is provided with a confining pressure containing cavity 13 formed in the confining pressure barrel 2, an axial loading plunger 3, a confining pressure containing cavity base 27, an axial loading base 15, an axial loading plunger pump 16, a radial pressure loading plunger pump 17, a confining pressure oil pump 19, a flow control valve 21, a flow control valve 22, a flow control valve 23, a flow control valve 24 and a temperature loader 28. The bracket 1 can provide support, installation and positioning for the upper loading plunger and the lower loading plunger and the plunger pump. The axial loading plunger 3 and the axial loading base 15 are respectively abutted to the shaft simulation mechanism at the upper end and the lower end of the test rock sample 5.
Wherein, the confining pressure containing cavity 13 is filled with confining pressure oil, the flow quality in the confining pressure containing cavity is ensured to be unchanged through the flow control valve 23 and the flow control valve 24, and stress is applied to the test rock sample through the radial pressure plunger pump 17 so as to simulate the horizontal stress of the stratum. Vertical stress is applied to the test rock sample by an axial pressure plunger pump 16.
As shown in fig. 1, the drilling fluid working device includes: drilling fluid piston pump 20, overflow control valve 18, flow control valve 32, pressure gauge 31.
Drilling fluid is injected into the test rock sample inner hole drilling fluid containing cavity 7 through the drilling fluid pump 20, and drilling fluid column pressure is applied through the drilling fluid pump 20 so as to enable a shaft and a stratum to form pressure difference.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a data control system, the data control system comprising: pressure sensors and temperature sensors. The pressure sensors comprise axial pressure sensors and radial pressure sensors which are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the confining pressure cylinder base and the confining pressure containing cavity; and the temperature sensor is connected to the outer side of the top cushion block through a pipeline. The axial loading stress, the radial loading stress and the loading temperature are accurately controlled through a data control system, so that the effect of simulating the stratum is achieved.
Preferably, the stratum simulation mechanism is used for forming a high-permeability stratum by adding ceramsite outside the test rock sample and storing the drilling fluid filtrate.
Preferably, the wellbore simulation mechanism is sealed with an insulating gasket on top of the test rock sample to prevent leakage of drilling fluid from above and ensure that drilling fluid forms radial fluid loss in the wellbore.
Preferably, the wellbore simulation mechanism is sealed with an insulating gasket at the bottom of the test rock sample to prevent leakage of drilling fluid from below and ensure that the drilling fluid forms radial fluid loss in the wellbore.
Preferably, the confining pressure oil pump and the confining pressure containing cavity form a circulation for monitoring whether the confining pressure containing cavity is filled with confining pressure oil or not.
Preferably, the shaft is isolated from the outside, the drilling fluid pump and the shaft cannot form circulation, overflow is carried out through the overflow valve to control the pressure of the drilling fluid column, an internal and external pressure difference is formed between the drilling fluid column and the confining pressure containing cavity, and a pressure condition is provided for the drilling fluid filtration.
Preferably, the axial pressure control system and the radial pressure control system are fixed through a support and a base.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and various components and devices of the embodiments may be changed or eliminated as desired, not all components shown in the drawings are necessarily required, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and all equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A drilling fluid mud cake generation test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing an oil separation sleeve on the outer periphery of a test rock sample, and filling filler in an annular space between the oil separation sleeve and the test rock sample;
a confining pressure oil accommodating cavity is formed between the confining pressure cylinder and the oil separating sleeve;
fixing one end of the test rock sample, and loading axial stress to a preset value to simulate vertical stress of the stratum at different depths;
oil liquid is injected into the confining pressure oil containing cavity to enable the oil separation sleeve to form internal and external pressure difference;
applying radial stress to the peripheral wall of the confining pressure cylinder to a preset value to simulate horizontal ground stress of the stratum at different depths;
injecting drilling fluid into a drilling fluid containing cavity formed by the annular space inside the test rock sample and applying stress to a set stress value;
heating the environment of the test rock sample to a preset temperature;
observing or recording the process of the formation of the mud cake of the drilling fluid.
2. The drilling fluid mud cake formation test method of claim 1, wherein the compressive strength of the filler is greater than or equal to 60 MPa.
3. The drilling fluid mud cake formation test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the filler is spherical and solid ceramsite.
4. The drilling fluid mud cake formation test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the magnitude of far field formation permeability is varied by varying the particle size of the filler.
5. The drilling fluid mud cake formation test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein drilling fluid stress in the drilling fluid containment chamber is controlled by an overflow control valve.
6. The drilling fluid mud cake formation test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the environment of the test rock sample is heated to a preset temperature by arranging a heating ring on the outer wall of the confining pressure cylinder.
7. The drilling fluid mud cake formation test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the top of the test rock sample is sealed to the oil jacket and the bottom of the test rock sample is sealed to the oil jacket; the confining pressure oil accommodating cavity forms a closed space outside the oil separation sleeve.
8. A drilling fluid mud cake formation test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the test is controlled by monitoring the radial pressure above the inside of the containment oil chamber and the axial pressure below the outside of the containment oil chamber, and by monitoring the temperature outside the upper end of the test rock sample.
9. The drilling fluid mud cake generation test method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein oil is injected into the confining pressure accommodating cavity through a confining pressure oil pump, and the confining pressure oil pump and the confining pressure accommodating cavity form a circulation path for monitoring whether the confining pressure accommodating cavity is filled with the confining pressure oil or not.
10. A drilling fluid mud cake formation test method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that overflow is performed through an overflow valve for controlling the fluid column pressure of the drilling fluid.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112394018A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Measuring instrument and method for filtering loss |
| CN112903957A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Shale stress-damage-drilling fluid interaction experimental device and testing method |
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