CN111693270B - Three-dimensional space loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench - Google Patents
Three-dimensional space loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench Download PDFInfo
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- CN111693270B CN111693270B CN202010658184.6A CN202010658184A CN111693270B CN 111693270 B CN111693270 B CN 111693270B CN 202010658184 A CN202010658184 A CN 202010658184A CN 111693270 B CN111693270 B CN 111693270B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/04—Suspension or damping
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of automobile testing devices, and discloses a three-dimensional space loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench which comprises a bench table top, wherein a rotating shaft is installed on the bench table top, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to an output shaft of a first driving device, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with an arc-shaped track, a sector formed by the arc-shaped track and the circle center of the arc-shaped track and the axis of the rotating shaft are on the same plane, an actuator capable of running on the arc-shaped track is arranged on the arc-shaped track, the force application end of the actuator is positioned on the circle center of the arc-shaped track, and the circle center of the arc-shaped track is positioned on the axis of the rotating shaft. The fatigue endurance test bench for the automobile parts loaded in the three-dimensional space does not need to decouple the load spectrum of the parts, can directly load the parts with force in any direction, and truly simulates the actual stress condition of the parts in the three-dimensional space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile testing devices, in particular to a three-dimensional space loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench.
Background
The part fatigue endurance bench test is an important part in the development process of parts, and the functionality of the part can be verified before the part is carried to the whole machine through the bench test of the part. And on the bench, the acceleration of the part bench test can be realized through the change of the load spectrum, and the aim of verifying the functionality of the part can be fulfilled in the shortest time.
During the running process of a vehicle, under the working conditions of impact, acceleration, braking and the like caused by uneven road surfaces, parts can be subjected to forces and moments from all directions. Under such loads, the parts are susceptible to fatigue failure.
In order to simulate the working condition, at present, a multi-degree-of-freedom loading method is mostly adopted to test a part rack, the resultant force of the parts in the three-dimensional space in the unfixed direction needs to be decoupled to obtain the load spectrums in the three mutually perpendicular directions in the three-dimensional space, and then the parts are loaded on the rack through three actuators simultaneously to simulate the actual working condition.
However, the method needs to decouple the resultant force of the parts in three-dimensional space in advance, and the decoupled force can be obtained for testing. In the loading process, decoupled multi-degree-of-freedom force is required to keep synchronous loading in a time domain, the test bench is complex, the cost is high, the occupied space is large, and the difficulty of realizing synchronous loading by the three actuators is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fatigue endurance test bed frame for an automobile part loaded in a three-dimensional space, which can directly load a force in any direction on the part without decoupling a part load spectrum and truly simulate the actual stress condition of the part in the three-dimensional space.
In order to achieve the purpose, the fatigue endurance test bench for the automobile parts loaded in the three-dimensional space comprises a bench surface, wherein a rotating shaft is installed on the bench surface, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to an output shaft of a first driving device, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with an arc-shaped track, a sector formed by the arc-shaped track and the circle center of the arc-shaped track is on the same plane with the axis of the rotating shaft, an actuator capable of running on the arc-shaped track is arranged on the arc-shaped track, the force application end of the actuator is located at the circle center of the arc-shaped track, and the circle center of the arc-shaped track is located on the axis of the rotating shaft, so that the force application end of the actuator can continuously and stably apply force to the tested piece during testing, and the real-time change of the force application direction of the tested piece in the three-dimensional space can be simulated through the matching of the rotating shaft and the arc-shaped track, and only need an actuator can realize the test, reduced the quantity of actuator, need not the synchronous loading of a plurality of actuators, reduced the degree of difficulty of system coordination, simplified the structure, wherein, first drive arrangement can adopt motor drive, also can adopt including motor and derailleur drive arrangement drive.
Preferably, be equipped with the outer rack of division dentate on an inboard border of arc track, one side of actuator be equipped with external tooth meshing's internal gear, the opposite side is equipped with the drive internal gear pivoted second drive arrangement through the meshing of outer rack and internal gear to through the drive of second drive arrangement, guaranteed the steady of actuator operation, simulate the atress direction of part in the three-dimensional space better, wherein, second drive arrangement can adopt motor drive, also can adopt including motor and derailleur drive arrangement to drive.
Preferably, it has first slot hole to open on the orbital arcwall face of arc, stretch out at the top of actuator first slot hole is cliied the arc track prevents that the actuator from deviating from the arc track, and stability is better.
Preferably, the top of actuator is equipped with two-layer pulley mechanism, and the upper strata the pulley mechanism stretches out first slot hole makes the upper strata the pulley mechanism with the lower floor the pulley mechanism cooperation is carried the arc track, through two-layer the pulley mechanism, the actuator can realize following the arc track is circular rotary motion, the centre of a circle is the orbital center of arc, and passes through the pulley mechanism makes the motion of actuator is more level and smooth.
Preferably, the pulley mechanism includes at least one pulley shaft perpendicular to the internal gear, rotatable pulleys are respectively mounted at two ends of the pulley shaft, and a distance between outer end points of the two pulleys is greater than a width of the first long hole and smaller than a width of the arc-shaped rail, so that the pulley mechanism is ensured not to be disengaged from the first long hole.
Preferably, the inner side of the arc-shaped track is provided with an arc-shaped guide mechanism which is concentric with the arc-shaped track, and the rotation process of the actuator is ensured to be stable through the guide mechanism.
Preferably, it has the confession to open on guiding mechanism's the arcwall face the second slot hole that the actuator passed, curved direction slot hole has all been opened to two sides of guiding mechanism, the both sides of actuator all are equipped with at least one and stretch into the direction bearing in the direction slot hole guarantees the rotatory process of actuator is stable.
Preferably, two end portions of the guide mechanism are respectively fixed on two end portions of the arc-shaped track through support plates, so that the stability of the guide mechanism is improved.
Preferably, the force application end of the actuator is provided with a connecting mechanism connected with the force application end of the tested piece, so that on one hand, the actuator can always apply force to the force application end of the tested piece, and on the other hand, the tested piece is convenient to replace.
Preferably, the connecting mechanism comprises a universal transmission mechanism arranged at the force application end of the actuator and a transition base arranged on the universal transmission mechanism, and the universal transmission mechanism is used for realizing the rotation of the actuator in any angle in a three-dimensional space.
Preferably, the universal transmission mechanism comprises a first transmission member which is installed at the force application end of the actuator and rotates by taking the axis of the actuator as the central axis, a round hole perpendicular to the central axis is formed in the first transmission member, the first transmission member is installed on a second transmission member in a hinged mode through a pin shaft penetrating through the round hole, the second transmission member is installed on the transition base, the second transmission member can rotate by taking a line perpendicular to the transition base as the central axis, and the actuator is matched with the first transmission member, the pin shaft and the second transmission member to realize rotation of any angle in a three-dimensional space.
Preferably, the circle center of the circular hole is located on the circle center of the arc-shaped track, and is also the intersection point of the axes of the first transmission member, the pin shaft and the second transmission member, and is also the stress loading point of the tested member, so that the actuator can apply force better.
Preferably, orbital one end of arc with the rotation axis is connected, orbital other end of arc even has the connecting plate, the connecting plate passes through the articulated installation of articulated shaft on a support on the rack mesa, just the articulated shaft with the rotation axis has improved orbital stability of arc on same straight line.
Preferably, the table board of the rack is provided with a mounting base for mounting the tested piece, and the height of the mounting base is adjustable so as to simulate the assembly state of the tested piece in different states of no-load, half-load, full-load and the like of the automobile.
Preferably, the arcuate track is greater than a quarter circle.
Preferably, the rotating shaft is mounted on the gantry table by a number of mounts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the load direction and the load size of the load can be directly controlled on the test bed without decoupling the part load in advance, and the actual load working condition of the part is closer to;
2. the real-time change of the stress direction of the tested piece in the three-dimensional space can be simulated;
3. the number of actuators is reduced, a plurality of actuators are not required to be loaded synchronously, and the difficulty of system coordination is reduced;
4. through arranging the connecting mechanism comprising the first transmission piece, the pin shaft and the second transmission piece, the stress point of the tested piece can be accurate and stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional space loaded fatigue endurance test bench for automobile parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of the fatigue endurance test bench for three-dimensional space loaded automobile parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the arcuate track of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the actuator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly of an actuator, a coupling hook and a test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the coupling mechanism of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams showing the position change of the test bed loaded in any direction in the three-dimensional space in the embodiment of the invention.
The components in the figures are numbered as follows:
the test device comprises a bench table board 1, a tested piece 2, an installation base 3, a support 4, a rotating shaft 5, a first driving device 6, an arc-shaped rail 7, a connecting plate 8, an actuator 9, a connecting mechanism 10, an outer rack 11, an inner gear 12, a second driving device 13, a first long hole 14, a pulley mechanism 15, a pulley shaft 16, a pulley 17, a guide mechanism 18, a support plate 19, a second long hole 20, a guide long hole 21, a guide bearing 22, a universal transmission mechanism 23, a transition base 24, a first transmission piece 25, a pin shaft 26, a second transmission piece 27, a front hinge point 28, a rear hinge point 29, a loading point 30 and a hinge shaft 31.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fatigue endurance test bed for three-dimensional space loaded automobile parts of the present invention comprises a bed table 1, a rotating shaft 5 is installed on the bed table 1, the rotating shaft 5 is installed on the bed table 1 through two supports 4, one end of the rotating shaft 5 is fixedly connected to an output shaft of a first driving device 6, the other end of the rotating shaft 5 is connected to an arc-shaped rail 7, in this embodiment, the arc-shaped rail 7 is larger than a quarter circle, a sector formed by the arc-shaped rail 7 and the center of the circle thereof is on the same plane with the axis of the rotating shaft 5, an actuator 9 capable of running on the arc-shaped rail 7 is arranged on the arc-shaped rail 7, the force application end of the actuator 9 is located at the center of the arc-shaped rail 7, and the center of the arc-shaped rail 7 is on the axis of the rotating shaft 5.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, an outer rack 11 with teeth is disposed on one edge of the inner side of the arc-shaped rail 7, an inner gear 12 engaged with the outer teeth is disposed on one side of the actuator 9, a second driving device 13 for driving the inner gear 12 to rotate is disposed on the other side of the actuator 9, a first long hole 14 is disposed on the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped rail 7, two layers of pulley mechanisms 15 are disposed on the top of the actuator 9, the upper layer of pulley mechanism 15 extends out of the first long hole 14, so that the upper layer of pulley mechanism 15 cooperates with the lower layer of pulley mechanism 15 to clamp the arc-shaped rail 7, in this embodiment, the pulley mechanism 15 includes at least one pulley shaft 16 perpendicular to the inner gear 12, rotatable pulleys 17 are respectively disposed at two ends of the pulley shaft 16, and a distance between outer end points of the two pulleys 17 is greater than a width of the first long hole 14 and smaller than a width of the arc-shaped rail 7.
In addition, an arc-shaped guide mechanism 18 concentric with the arc-shaped track 7 is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped track 7, two end parts of the guide mechanism 18 are respectively fixed on two end parts of the arc-shaped track 7 through support plates 19, a second long hole 20 for the actuator 9 to pass through is formed in the arc-shaped surface of the guide mechanism 18, arc-shaped guide long holes 21 are formed in two side surfaces of the guide mechanism 18, and two guide bearings 22 extending into the guide long holes 21 are arranged on two sides of the actuator 9.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the force applying end of the actuator 9 is provided with a connecting mechanism 10 connected with the force receiving end of the tested piece 2, the connecting mechanism 10 includes a universal transmission mechanism 23 installed at the force applying end of the actuator 9 and a transition base 24 installed on the universal transmission mechanism 23, the universal transmission mechanism 23 includes a first transmission piece 25 installed at the force applying end of the actuator 9 and rotating with the axis of the actuator 9 as the central axis, the first transmission piece 25 is installed on the force applying end of the actuator 9 through a rotating shaft, a circular hole perpendicular to the central axis of the first transmission piece 25 is formed in the first transmission piece 25, the first transmission piece 25 is hinged and installed on a second transmission piece 27 through a pin shaft 26 penetrating through the circular hole, the second transmission piece 27 is installed on the transition base 24 through a rotating shaft, the second transmission piece 27 can rotate with the line perpendicular to the transition base 24 as the central axis, the transition base 24 is installed on the tested piece 2 through a plurality of bolts 28, the circle center of the circular hole is located at the circle center of the arc-shaped track 7, and is also the intersection point of the axes of the first transmission member 25, the pin shaft 26 and the second transmission member 27, and is also the stress loading point of the tested piece 2, so that the actuator 9 can better apply force.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, one end of the arc-shaped rail 7 is connected to the rotating shaft 5, the other end of the arc-shaped rail 7 is connected to the connecting plate 8, the connecting plate 8 is hinged to one support 4 on the platform 1 of the gantry through the hinge shaft 31, and the hinge shaft 31 and the rotating shaft 5 are on the same straight line, so that the stability of the arc-shaped rail 7 is improved.
And, on being equipped with the installation base 3 of installation by test piece 2 on the rack mesa 1, installation base 3 height-adjustable to the assembly state under different states such as the simulation by test piece no-load, half-load, full load of car is realized.
In this embodiment, the first driving device 6 and the second driving device 13 may be driven by motors, or may be driven by a driving device including a motor and a transmission.
In this embodiment, the tested piece 2 is a lower swing arm of a front suspension of an automobile, the structure is as shown in fig. 7, the tested piece 2 is provided with two hinge points, namely a front hinge point 28 and a rear hinge point 29, the loading point 30 is a loading point in a bench test, and the tested piece 2 and the mounting base 3 are fixed at two positions, namely the front hinge point 28 and the rear hinge point 29, through bolts.
In the test of this embodiment, first, the first driving device 6 and the second driving device 13 are activated, the first driving device 6 drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate, and then the arc-shaped track 7 rotates around the axis of the rotating shaft 5, at the same time, the second driving device 13 drives the inner gear 12 to rotate, so that the inner gear 12 moves on the arc-shaped track 7 by engaging with the outer teeth on the outer rack 11, thereby converting the rotation output by the second driving device 13 into the rotating motion of the actuator 9 along the arc-shaped track 7, the loading direction of the load is controlled by the real-time motion of the arc-shaped track 7 and the actuator 9, and then a passive rotating mechanism, i.e. the connecting mechanism 10 with the first transmission piece 25, the pin 26 and the second transmission piece 27, is used to ensure that the load with the variable direction output by the actuator 9 is stably loaded on the tested piece 2, specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the force application end of the actuator 9 can rotate by itself through the first transmission piece 25, through the cooperation of round pin axle 26 and round hole, rotate around round pin axle 26 on vertical plane, through second driving medium 27, rotate on the horizontal plane around the axis of second driving medium 27, the stack back of three has guaranteed that actuator 9 all can be stably loaded to by on the test piece 2 when being tested the arbitrary atress direction of test piece 2 in the simulation three-dimensional space.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, the change of the loading direction can be simulated in real time by adjusting the rotation angles of the first driving device 6 and the second driving device 13 according to the real-time change of the test loading direction in the three-dimensional space, and the load can be stably output to the tested object 2 through the actuator 9.
In addition, the fatigue endurance test bench for the three-dimensional space loaded automobile parts can be applied to parts such as suspension swing arms, connecting rods and brackets.
According to the fatigue endurance test bed for the three-dimensional space loaded automobile parts, the part load does not need to be decoupled in advance, the loading direction and the load size of the load can be directly controlled on the test bed, and the fatigue endurance test bed is closer to the real load working condition of the parts; the real-time change of the stress direction of the tested piece 2 in the three-dimensional space can be simulated; in addition, the number of the actuators 9 is reduced, a plurality of actuators 9 are not required to be loaded synchronously, and the difficulty of system coordination is reduced; by arranging the connecting mechanism 10, the stress point of the tested piece 2 can be accurate and stable.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional space loaded auto parts fatigue endurance test rack, includes rack table face (1), its characterized in that: install rotation axis (5) on rack table face (1), the one end fixed connection of rotation axis (5) is on the output shaft of first drive arrangement (6), the other end of rotation axis (5) even has arc track (7), just arc track (7) rather than the sector that the centre of a circle formed with the axis of rotation axis (5) on the coplanar, be equipped with on arc track (7) can actuator (9) of operation on arc track (7), the end of exerting force of actuator (9) is located on the centre of a circle of arc track (7), just the centre of a circle of arc track (7) is in on the axis of rotation axis (5).
2. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: and an outer toothed rack (11) is arranged on one edge of the inner side of the arc-shaped track (7), one side of the actuator (9) is provided with an inner gear (12) meshed with the outer teeth, and the other side of the actuator is provided with a second driving device (13) for driving the inner gear (12) to rotate.
3. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bed of claim 2, wherein: open on the arcwall face of arc track (7) and have first slot hole (14), the top of actuator (9) stretches out first slot hole (14) is cliied arc track (7).
4. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 3, wherein: two layers of pulley mechanisms (15) are arranged at the top of the actuator (9), the pulley mechanism (15) on the upper layer extends out of the first long hole (14), and the pulley mechanism (15) on the upper layer and the pulley mechanism (15) on the lower layer are matched to clamp the arc-shaped rail (7).
5. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 4, wherein: the pulley mechanism (15) comprises at least one pulley shaft (16) perpendicular to the internal gear (12), rotatable pulleys (17) are mounted at two ends of the pulley shaft (16) respectively, and the distance between outer end points of the two pulleys (17) is larger than the width of the first long hole (14) and smaller than the width of the arc-shaped rail (7).
6. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: and an arc-shaped guide mechanism (18) which is concentric with the arc-shaped track (7) is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped track (7).
7. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 6, wherein: open on the arcwall face of guiding mechanism (18) and supply second slot hole (20) that actuator (9) passed, curved direction slot hole (21) have all been opened to two sides of guiding mechanism (18), the both sides of actuator (9) all are equipped with at least one and stretch into guide bearing (22) in direction slot hole (21).
8. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 6, wherein: two end parts of the guide mechanism (18) are respectively fixed on two end parts of the arc-shaped track (7) through support plates (19).
9. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: and the force application end of the actuator (9) is provided with a connecting mechanism (10) connected with the force bearing end of the tested piece (2).
10. The three-dimensional space-loaded automotive part fatigue endurance test rig according to claim 9, wherein: the connecting mechanism (10) comprises a universal transmission mechanism (23) arranged at the force application end of the actuator (9) and a transition base (24) arranged on the universal transmission mechanism (23).
11. The three-dimensional space-loaded automotive part fatigue endurance test rig according to claim 10, wherein: the universal transmission mechanism (23) comprises a first transmission piece (25) which is arranged at the force application end of the actuator (9) and rotates by taking the axis of the actuator (9) as the central axis, a round hole vertical to the central axis is formed in the first transmission piece (25), the first transmission piece (25) is hinged to a second transmission piece (27) through a pin shaft (26) penetrating through the round hole, the second transmission piece (27) is arranged on the transition base (24), and the second transmission piece (27) can rotate by taking the vertical line of the transition base (24) as the central axis.
12. The three-dimensional space-loaded automotive part fatigue endurance test rig according to claim 11, wherein: the circle center of the round hole is positioned on the circle center of the arc-shaped track (7).
13. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: the one end of arc track (7) with rotation axis (5) are connected, the other end of arc track (7) even has connecting plate (8), connecting plate (8) are articulated to be installed through articulated shaft (31) on a support (4) on rack mesa (1), just articulated shaft (31) with rotation axis (5) are on same straight line.
14. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: the test bench is characterized in that the bench surface (1) is provided with a mounting base (3) for mounting a tested piece (2), and the height of the mounting base (3) is adjustable.
15. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: the arc-shaped track (7) is larger than a quarter circle.
16. The three-dimensional space-loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench of claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft (5) is arranged on the table top (1) of the rack through a plurality of supports (4).
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| CN202010658184.6A CN111693270B (en) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | Three-dimensional space loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench |
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| CN202010658184.6A CN111693270B (en) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | Three-dimensional space loaded automobile part fatigue endurance test bench |
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| CN112326275A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Test apparatus and test method |
| CN113343360B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-10-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating fatigue life of triangular arm |
| CN113911388B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-05-17 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Force transmission assembly for hole |
| CN113984320B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-04-25 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Device and method for verifying impact strength of steering gear shell and gear rack |
| CN114264458B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2024-04-30 | 徐州徐工挖掘机械有限公司 | Device and method for testing fatigue life of counterweight bracket |
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| 电液伺服三维加载轿车零部件疲劳试验系统设计与仿真;黄富瑄 等;《机械》;20081130;第35卷(第11期);全文 * |
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