CN111692856A - Tea roller pass-variable pressure fixation machine and pass-variable pressure fixation method - Google Patents

Tea roller pass-variable pressure fixation machine and pass-variable pressure fixation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111692856A
CN111692856A CN201911026880.9A CN201911026880A CN111692856A CN 111692856 A CN111692856 A CN 111692856A CN 201911026880 A CN201911026880 A CN 201911026880A CN 111692856 A CN111692856 A CN 111692856A
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roller
bin
tea leaves
silo
heating
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Chinese (zh)
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程长青
何星
陶永清
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Mengzhou Yuanhong Drying Equipment Research and Development Co Ltd
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Mengzhou Yuanhong Drying Equipment Research and Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911026880.9A priority Critical patent/CN111692856A/en
Publication of CN111692856A publication Critical patent/CN111692856A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F26B11/0463Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
    • F26B11/0477Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/10Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tea roller split-range variable-pressure fixation machine which comprises a roller cylinder, a heating bin, a driving device, a heating device, an air exhaust device, an air guide pipe, a dynamic sealing device, a carrier roller, a rear support frame, a front support frame and a support frame. The heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium is used for conducting heat conduction and heating the tea leaves through the bin body and the heating pipes of the roller bin, the heat conduction and heating area of the roller bin is increased by 12-60 times, and vacuum low-temperature withering, variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation, vacuum dehumidification and cooling are sequentially carried out in stages in a split process. The air extractor rapidly extracts moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves, a negative pressure or high pressure state is formed around the tea leaves in the roller bin, and the temperature of the tea leaves in the enzyme deactivation processing process is controlled by the relative pressure in the roller bin. The inside that high pressure high temperature moisture can be with heat energy diffusion bud tip carries out the deactivation of enzymes, and heating pipe and helical blade possess the stirring and shed the function of tealeaves, and the fixation effect that completes under the low oxygen environment of tealeaves in rolling the silo is good, has optimized the quality of the back tealeaves that completes.

Description

Tea roller pass-variable pressure fixation machine and pass-variable pressure fixation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fixation machine, in particular to a tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine.
Background
At present, the tea enzyme deactivating machine mostly adopts single heat conduction, hot air, steam and the like. When the tea leaves are completely killed, the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the tea leaves is completely destroyed, the tea polyphenol is blocked from being subjected to enzymatic oxidation, and meanwhile, the time for killing the tea leaves is controlled, and the time and the amount of chlorophyll conversion are controlled. If the water-removing time is too long or the tea is over-killed by pressing, the damage amount of chlorophyll in the tea is increased, a large amount of black brown pheophytin is formed, the color of the carotenoid mainly taking yellow is displayed, and the color of the dry tea is yellow. When the tea leaves are enzyme-deactivated, the force is too early and too heavy, so that the tea juice flows too early and too much, and the pot temperature is too high when the tea leaves are enzyme-deactivated, so that the tea leaves are exploded. Because the forced convection heat transfer is adopted, moisture is naturally discharged, so that damp and hot gas is easy to be retained to cause adverse effects on the quality of the tea leaves, and the tea leaves after fixation are easy to yellow. The temperature of the tea leaves after the fixation is too high, so the tea leaves after the fixation can be cooled only by spreading the tea leaves outside for a long time.
The tea de-enzyming equipment and the tea de-enzyming method comprise the following steps: the solid bud tips are not completely and uniformly de-enzymed, part of de-enzymed leaves are burnt or easily become yellow and generate water stuffy gas, the tea polyphenol is subjected to enzymatic oxidation, the dehydration efficiency and energy efficiency ratio are low, the cooling time is long, the prepared tea has low fragrance, and the like, so that the quality of the tea is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art, the tea leaves are placed in a closed roller silo to be subjected to green removing processing by recognizing the physical characteristics of heat sensitivity, high oxidation, high activity and the like of the tea leaves and combining the characteristic component biosynthesis and conversion mechanism of the tea leaves on the basis of the physical principle of quality formation in the green removing process of the tea leaves, and the processing technology of sectional variable-pressure green removing is sequentially implemented in stages in the green removing process by controlling different pressures required by corresponding processing stages in the roller silo, so that the tea leaf roller sectional variable-pressure green removing machine is provided.
The split-range pressure-variable water-removing method comprises feeding, vacuum low-temperature withering, pressure-variable high-temperature water-removing, vacuum dehumidifying and cooling, and discharging; or comprises feeding, vacuum pumping gas, pressure-changing high-temperature enzyme deactivation, vacuum dehumidifying and cooling, and discharging. According to the closed controllability of the roller bin, tea leaves are placed in the roller bin for fixation processing, heat is input to the tea leaves to be fixed in the roller bin, the heating pipe of the roller bin accelerates the heat conduction and heating speed of the heat energy to the tea leaves, the tea leaves are driven by the helical blades and the heating pipe of the roller bin to rotate and turn in the bin for fixation, the control system controls different pressures required by corresponding processing stages in the roller bin, the temperature of the tea leaves in the fixation processing process is controlled by the relative pressure in the roller bin, and variable-pressure withering, fixation, dehumidification and cooling are carried out in different processes. Sequentially carrying out vacuum low-temperature withering on the tea leaves by the tea leaf roller in different courses through a variable-pressure fixation machine; the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation is carried out in a low-oxygen state in the chamber, and the high-pressure moisture diffuses the carried heat energy into the bud tips for fixation, so that the fundamental problem that the bud tips are not completely fixed is effectively solved; vacuum low temperature dehumidification, the air exhaust device takes out the moisture that produces when withering and dehumidification stage in the storehouse fast. The tea leaves after being de-enzymed are subjected to vacuum dehumidification and cooling, so that the water content of the tea leaves is uniform, and the de-enzyming quality of the tea leaves is optimized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a tea roller split-range variable-pressure water-removing machine comprises a roller cylinder, a heating bin, a driving device, a heating device, an air exhaust device, an air guide pipe, a dynamic sealing device, a carrier roller, a rear support frame, a front support frame and a support.
The roller bin comprises a bin body, a heating pipe, a sealing cover, a transmission shaft, an exhaust pipe, a roller path, a valve and a helical blade.
The bin body is a metal plate, and the metal plate is rolled and processed into a roller; the helical blade is fixed on the bin body in the rolling bin.
The heating pipes are fixedly arranged on the silo body of the roller silo, and the distance between each heating pipe and the adjacent heating pipe is 80-150 mm. The heating pipe is a metal pipe with openings at two ends for ventilation; the two ends of the heating pipe are inserted into corresponding holes on the bin body of the roller bin, the welding machine is used for welding the heating pipe and the combination position on the bin body into a whole, and the two ends of the heating pipe and the combination position of the bin body are firm and airtight. The cavity between the two ends of the heating pipe and the roller bin and the heating bin is communicated and ventilated, and the heat-conducting medium in the cavity between the roller bin and the heating bin can enter the pipe of the heating pipe.
The roller bin is supported and fixed by the heating pipes, and the heating pipes improve the bin body pressure resistance of the roller bin. The bin body of the roller bin is supported by the heating pipe in a vacuum state, so that the roller bin is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the roller bin is shriveled caused by vacuum negative pressure; the silo body of the roller silo in a high-pressure state is supported by the heating pipe, and the roller silo cannot explode due to high pressure and high humidity in the roller silo.
The roller path is fixed on the bin body at one end of the roller bin, and the transmission shaft is fixed on the bin body at the other end of the roller bin. The roller path and the roller bin are fixed into a whole, the transmission shaft and the roller bin are fixed into a whole, and the roller bin is supported by the transmission shaft.
The sealing cover is arranged on the opening of the roller silo. After the sealing cover is opened, the tea leaves enter the rolling silo through the silo opening; after the roller bin with the tea leaves fixed is mounted and the sealing cover on the bin opening is closed, a closed bin is arranged in the roller bin.
The sealing cover is provided with an exhaust port, and a valve is arranged on the exhaust port. One end of the valve is fixed on the exhaust port of the sealing cover, and the joint of the valve and the sealing cover is fixedly sealed; the other end is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the joint of the valve and the exhaust pipe is fixed and sealed. When the valve is opened, the interior of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the interior of the roller bin; when the valve is closed, the interior of the exhaust pipe is not communicated with the interior of the roller bin, and a closed bin is arranged in the roller bin.
The valve is an electromagnetic valve or a pneumatic valve.
One end of the exhaust pipe is fixed on the valve, the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to one end of the air guide pipe through the dynamic sealing device, and the other end of the air guide pipe is connected to the air exhaust device. When the exhaust pipe rotates synchronously along with the valve fixed on the roller bin, the air guide pipe is stationary, and the exhaust pipe is connected with the air guide pipe in a sealing manner through a dynamic sealing device. During the rotation of the exhaust pipe, the joint of the exhaust pipe and the air duct is sealed and airtight. Moisture generated during tea withering, dehumidification and cooling in the roller silo is conveyed through the air guide pipe through the exhaust pipe, and the moisture is pumped out of the roller silo through the air exhaust device.
The exhaust pipe is made of a corrugated pipe. When the sealing cover is opened and closed, the exhaust pipe made of the corrugated pipe is convenient and easy to operate along with the displacement of the sealing cover. When the exhaust pipe made of the corrugated pipe rotates synchronously along with the sealing cover fixed on the roller bin, the air guide pipe is static, the exhaust pipe made of the corrugated pipe rotates along with the opening of the roller bin to shake synchronously, resonance caused by rotation of the roller bin is reduced, the exhaust pipe made of the corrugated pipe avoids shaking displacement of the air guide pipe connected together, and the service time and the sealing effect of the dynamic sealing device are also improved.
The carrier roller is arranged on the front support frame or is arranged on the front support frame and the rear support frame simultaneously. The roller supports the roller path on the drum body of the drum bin.
The driving device is arranged on the rear supporting frame; the driving device is connected with the transmission shaft of the roller silo; the power generated by the driving device drives the transmission shaft to rotate, and the driving device drives the roller silo to rotate through the transmission shaft. The roller bin completes tea leaves when the driving device drives the roller bin to rotate forwards, and the roller bin discharges the tea leaves which are completely removed when the driving device drives the roller bin to rotate backwards.
The driving device is an electric motor and a gearbox, or a pneumatic motor, or a hydraulic motor.
The heating bin is wrapped outside the roller bin, and the roller bin is arranged inside the heating bin; the distance between the cavity of the heating bin and the cavity of the roller bin is 30-180 mm.
The heat conducting medium is arranged in a cavity between the heating bin body and the roller bin body, the heat conducting medium enters the pipe of the heating pipe through the openings at the two ends of the heating pipe, and heat energy carried by the heat conducting medium conducts heat conduction heating of heat radiation heat conduction for tea leaves in the roller bin through the heating pipe.
The heat conducting medium is water, or heat conducting oil, or steam, or other suitable medium.
The heating device is a boiler, or a burner, or a heat pump, or a combustion furnace, or an electric heating pipe.
The combination of the roller bin and the heating bin is fixedly connected, and the roller bin and the heating bin synchronously rotate together; the combination of the roller silo and the heating silo or the dynamic sealing connection, when the roller silo rotates, the heating silo is static. And correspondingly setting a combination mode of the roller silo and the heating silo according to different modes of heating the heat-conducting medium by the heating device.
The heating bin is fixed on the rear support frame and the front support frame through a support; when the roller silo rotates, the heating silo is static. The junction of the bin body at one end of the heating bin and the bin body at one end of the roller bin provided with the roller path is in sealing connection through a dynamic sealing device, and the junction of the bin body at one end of the heating bin and the bin body at one end of the roller bin provided with the roller path is airtight and airtight. The transmission shaft on the bin body at the other end of the roller bin extends out of the bin body at the other end of the heating bin, the transmission shaft and the bin body of the heating bin are in sealing connection through a dynamic sealing device, and the joint of the bin body at the other end of the heating bin and the transmission shaft of the roller bin is sealed and airtight.
A medium inlet and a medium outlet are arranged on the heating device; a heat energy inlet and a heat energy outlet are arranged on the heating bin outside the roller bin; the heat energy outlet of the heating bin is connected to the medium inlet of the heating device through a heat conduction pipe, and the medium outlet of the heating device is connected to the heat energy inlet of the heating bin through the heat conduction pipe.
After the heat-conducting medium is heated by the heating device, the temperature of the heated heat-conducting medium is controlled to be 70-260 ℃, and the heat-conducting medium carrying heat energy enters a cavity between the heating bin and the roller bin through a heat energy inlet of the heating bin through the transmission of the heat-conducting pipe and enters the roller bin through a medium outlet of the heating device to conduct heat conduction and heating; the two ends of the heating pipe in the roller bin and the cavity between the roller bin and the heating bin are communicated and ventilated, the heat-conducting medium in the cavity between the roller bin and the heating bin enters the pipe of the heating pipe, when the heating pipe rotates along with the roller bin, the upper end and the lower end of the heating pipe continuously change positions along with the rotation of the roller bin, the heat-conducting medium continuously enters and exits the heating pipe to be replaced along with the change of the positions of the rotating heating pipe, and the heat-conducting medium is continuously heated and is heated in a heat-conducting manner. The heat conducting medium carrying heat energy conducts heat to the tea around the heating pipe through the heating pipe. The heat-conducting medium after heat dissipation flows out through the heat energy outlet of the heating bin, is conveyed into the medium inlet of the heating device by the heat conduction pipe, enters the heating device, and is heated again to rise the temperature. A circulating pump can be added on the heat conduction pipe, and the circulating pump can increase the flow velocity of the heat conduction medium and accelerate the heat conduction heat carrying capacity of the heat conduction medium.
And the heating bin and the roller bin are fixed into a whole, and when the roller bin rotates, the heating bin rotates synchronously along with the roller bin. The connection parts of the bin bodies at the two ends of the heating bin and the bin bodies at the two ends of the roller bin are fixedly and hermetically connected, the bin body at the other end of the roller bin is fixedly provided with a transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft is fixedly and hermetically connected with the bin bodies of the heating bin.
Preferred embodiment 1 that the heating bin and the roller bin are fixed as a whole: when the heating bin and the roller bin are fixed into a whole, the adopted heating device is an electric heating pipe. The electric heating pipe of the heating device is arranged in a cavity between the bin body of the heating bin and the bin body of the roller bin, the electric heating pipe of the heating device heats heat-conducting media in the cavity between the bin body of the heating bin and the bin body of the roller bin, and the heat-conducting media carrying heat energy enter the interior of the heating pipe through the openings at the two ends of the heating pipe and conduct heat to tea leaves around the heating pipe.
The preferable scheme 2 that the heating bin and the roller bin are fixed into a whole: when the heating bin and the roller bin are fixed into a whole, the adopted heating device is a burner. The burner of the heating device is arranged outside the heating bin, the burner of the heating device heats heat-conducting media in a cavity between the bin body of the heating bin and the bin body of the roller bin, and the heat-conducting media carrying heat energy enter the interior of the heating pipe through the openings at the two ends of the heating pipe and conduct heat to tea leaves around the heating pipe.
The air extractor is a vacuum unit or a Roots blower.
The vacuum unit comprises a vacuum pump and a condenser. The condenser condenses moisture generated during tea withering, dehumidification and cooling, and after condensable gas of the moisture is condensed into water, the volume of non-condensable gas in the roller bin is small; the power of the vacuum pump can be reduced by pumping the moisture with reduced volume, and the heat energy generated by condensation can be used again, so that the effects of waste heat utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The tea leaf roller range-dividing pressure-varying fixation machine tea leaf range-dividing pressure-varying fixation method principle is as follows:
firstly, (1) vacuum low-temperature withering: placing the tea leaves to be withered in a roller bin; opening a valve on the sealing cover, pumping the gas in the roller bin by using an air pumping device, and reducing the boiling point of water when the pressure in the roller bin is reduced; the heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium conducts heat conduction and heats the tea leaves subjected to variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation through the bin body and the heating pipes of the roller bin, the tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the rotating action of the heating pipes and the helical blades of the roller bin, the tea leaves are not caked, the moisture uniformity of the tea leaves subjected to vacuum withering is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves subjected to vacuum withering is optimized. The heat energy supplies enough heat to the water in the tea leaves through heat conduction, heat radiation and other heat transfer modes, so that the water in the tea leaves is diffused to the surface through pressure difference or concentration difference, water molecules obtain enough kinetic energy on the surface of the tea leaves, and the water molecules escape into low-pressure air in the roller bin after the intermolecular attraction is overcome; the air extractor rapidly extracts vaporized moisture, a negative pressure state is formed around the tea leaves in the roller bin, a large humidity gradient is formed between the inside and the outside of the tea leaves and between the surface of the tea leaves and surrounding media, sufficient heat accelerates the vaporization speed of moisture in the tea leaves, the tea leaves wither in a low-oxygen environment in the roller bin, and the tea leaves achieve the purpose of rapid vacuum withering.
When the tea temperature in the tea vacuum withering process is 24-61 ℃, the relative pressure in the roller bin is 0.080 MPa-0.098 MPa, the corresponding relative pressure in the roller bin is set according to the temperature required by the tea vacuum withering, and the relative pressure in the roller bin controls the tea temperature in the tea de-enzyming process. According to different processing requirements of old and tender leaves, drying quality and the like of different varieties of tea leaves, the vacuum low-temperature withering time is 3-10 minutes. When the water content of the withered tea reaches 60% -75%, the tea leaves become soft and give out faint scent, and then the tea leaves can enter a water-removing stage.
(2) And vacuum pumping gas: as some tea leaves do not need to wither during enzyme deactivation, the tea leaves can be directly subjected to enzyme deactivation processing. Placing the tea leaves to be enzyme-deactivated in the roller bin; opening the valve on the sealing cover, pumping the air in the roller bin by using an air pumping device, and after the relative pressure in the roller bin is 0.080 Mpa-0.098 Mpa after the air is exhausted, the tea leaves in the roller bin can enter a water-removing stage.
II, pressure-changing high-temperature fixation: the relative pressure in the roller chamber after the tea withers or the gas is pumped is 0.080 Mpa-0.098 Mpa, the roller chamber after the valve is closed is a closed chamber, and the roller chamber is in a low-oxygen negative pressure state. The hypoxia in the roller silo can inhibit enzymatic oxidation of tea polyphenol and the like in the tea, the heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium conducts heat conduction heating on the tea subjected to variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation through the silo body and the heating pipe of the roller silo, and the tea is softened by destroying and passivating the oxidase activity in the tea at high temperature and evaporating partial water of the tea. The closed roller bin is used for tightly sealing the moisture evaporated from the tea leaves, the moisture generated by the evaporation of the moisture in the tea leaves under heating cannot be diffused into the air and only can be remained in the roller bin, the moisture is reheated by the bin body and the heating pipe, the high-temperature moisture filled in the roller bin carries heat energy to carry out heat conduction heating on the tea leaves in the enzyme deactivation process, the relative pressure in the roller bin is higher than 1 atmosphere pressure along with the increase of the moisture generated by the evaporation of the moisture in the tea leaves under heating, the pressure change of the relative pressure in the roller bin is increased from 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa, and the temperature of the tea leaves is 80-140 ℃.
The inside of the roller bin during the fixation is a high-pressure and high-humidity small environment, and the tea leaves cannot generate scorched leaves and scorched edges in the fixation process in the high-humidity environment. Moisture that moisture evaporation produced in the tealeaves receives the reheating of the storehouse body and heating pipe, the high temperature moisture that is full of in the cylinder storehouse carries heat energy and carries out heat conduction heating for the tealeaves in completing, the thickness of some tealeaves bud tips is thicker than ordinary leaf surface, because there is the clearance in the bud tip, the inside that the high pressure high temperature moisture of 0.098 Mpa-0.260 Mpa can spread into the bud tip with heat energy carries out the enzyme-deactivating, the root problem to the bud tip incomplete enzyme-deactivating has been solved effectively, make the homogeneity that completes improve greatly. According to different processing requirements of old leaves and tender leaves of different varieties of tea, drying quality and the like, the time for carrying out variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation on the tea in the low-oxygen environment in the roller bin is 2-12 minutes.
The variable-pressure high-temperature fixation is a first-step processing technology for fixation of tea leaves, and the whole set of fixation processing of the tea leaves can be completed only by vacuum dehumidification and cooling in the next step.
Thirdly, vacuum dehumidification and cooling: after the tea leaves are subjected to variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation, a valve is arranged on a sealing cover of the roller bin, heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium conducts heat conduction heating on the tea leaves subjected to variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation through a bin body of the roller and a heating pipe, the corresponding relative pressure in the roller bin is set according to the temperature required by the vacuum dehumidification and cooling of the tea leaves, and the relative pressure in the roller bin is reduced from 0.098 Mpa-0.260 Mpa to 0.080 Mpa-0.098 Mpa. Moisture generated by the evaporation of the heated moisture in the tea leaves cannot be diffused into the air, the air extractor rapidly extracts the moisture in the roller bin and forms a negative pressure state around the tea leaves in the roller bin, a large humidity gradient is formed between the inside and the outside of the tea leaves and between the surface of the tea leaves and surrounding media, and the evaporation speed of the moisture in the tea leaves is accelerated by the heat conducted by the bin body and the heating pipe.
When the air extractor continuously pumps and exhausts moisture in the closed roller bin, the relative pressure in the roller bin is reduced from 0.098MPa to 0.260MPa to 0.080MPa to 0.098MPa, and the relative pressure in the roller bin controls the temperature of the tea leaves in the enzyme deactivating processing process. Along with the continuous improvement of the vacuum degree in the roller silo, the boiling point temperature of water is continuously reduced, the water in the tea leaves is easy to vaporize, the heat is absorbed from the tea leaves when the water is vaporized, the tea leaves are cooled in the dehumidification and drying process, the temperature of the tea leaves in the vacuum dehumidification and cooling process is 25-45 ℃, and the temperature of the tea leaves at 25-45 ℃ is also the temperature around the environment. According to different processing requirements of old tea leaves, tender tea leaves, drying quality and the like of different tea leaves, the tea leaves are subjected to vacuum dehumidification and cooling for 2-10 minutes in a low-oxygen environment in the drum bin (1), and the aim of rapid vacuum dehumidification and cooling is fulfilled. Because the moisture of the vacuum dehumidification is evaporated very quickly, the surface of the tea is easy to form porosity, the rehydration of the product is good, the content is easy to dissolve out when the tea is brewed, and the tea has rich taste and is fresh and cool. And (4) subtracting water from the tea leaves subjected to vacuum dehumidification and cooling until the weight of the tea leaves is about 25-30% of the total weight of raw leaf raw materials, and then entering the next rolling and shaping processing stage.
According to the process principle of the split-range variable-pressure fixation method, the processing flow of the split-range variable-pressure fixation method of the tea roller split-range variable-pressure fixation machine is as follows:
step one, feeding: after a sealing cover on the bin opening of the roller bin is opened, tea leaves enter the roller bin from the bin opening of the roller bin, the volume of the tea leaves filled in the roller bin accounts for 50% -75% of the bin capacity of the roller bin, and the insufficient bin capacity is convenient for the turning, withering and water-removing processing of the tea leaves; the bin opening of the roller bin filled with tea leaves is provided with a sealing cover, and the sealing cover and the bin opening of the roller bin are fixed and sealed in an airtight manner.
The heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium conducts heat to the tea leaves through the bin body and the heating pipes of the roller bin, the heat-conducting heating area of the heating pipes of the roller bin and the bin body is increased by 12-60 times, and the heat-conducting heating speed of the heat energy is increased.
Step two, vacuum low-temperature withering: and starting the driving device, wherein the driving device drives the roller bin to rotate forwards when the tea leaves are withered in vacuum. The valve on the sealing cover is opened, the roller bin is driven by the driving device to rotate positively to perform vacuum low-temperature withering on the tea leaves, the tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the positive rotation rotating action of the heating pipe and the helical blades of the roller bin, the tea leaves are not caked, the moisture uniformity of the tea leaves subjected to vacuum withering is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves subjected to vacuum withering is optimized. The evaporated moisture is fully emitted; moisture generated by the evaporation of the moisture in the tea leaves is pumped out of the roller silo by an air extractor. When the tea temperature in the tea vacuum withering process is 24-61 ℃, the relative pressure in the roller bin is-0.080 Mpa to-0.098 Mpa, the tea vacuum low-temperature withering time in the low-oxygen environment in the roller bin is 3-10 minutes, and the water content after the tea withering reaches 60% -75%, the tea deactivation stage can be entered.
Step three, pressure-changing high-temperature fixation: the relative pressure in the roller bin after tea withering is 0.080-0.098 Mpa, and the roller bin after closing a sealing cover and a valve is a closed bin. The temperature of the tea leaves after being put into the bin is controlled to be 70-260 ℃, and can not be too low so as to avoid influencing the aroma of the tea leaves; and not too high to avoid the occurrence of explosion points. The tea leaves after the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation are subjected to heat conduction and heating by the heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium through the bin body and the heating pipe of the roller bin, the moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves is heated again by the bin body and the heating pipe, the tea leaves fully filled with the high-temperature moisture in the roller bin carry the heat energy to conduct heat conduction and heating for the tea leaves during the fixation, the tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the rotating action of the heating pipe and the spiral blades of the roller bin, the tea leaves are not caked, the fixation uniformity of the tea leaves after the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves after the variable. The relative pressure in the roller bin is increased from 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa in a variable pressure mode, the temperature of the tea is 80 to 140 ℃, the interior of the roller bin during enzyme deactivation is a small environment with high pressure and high humidity, the moisture with high pressure and high temperature of 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa can diffuse heat energy into the interior of the bud tips for enzyme deactivation, and the time for the enzyme deactivation with variable pressure and high temperature in the low oxygen environment of the tea in the roller bin is 2 to 12 minutes.
Step four, vacuum dehumidification and cooling: after the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation, a valve is covered on a sealing cover of the roller bin, heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium conducts heat conduction heating on the tea subjected to the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation through a bin body and a heating pipe of the roller bin, and moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea is pumped out of the roller bin by an air extractor. The tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the rotating action of the heating pipe and the helical blades of the roller bin, the tea leaves are not caked, the moisture uniformity of the tea leaves after vacuum dehumidification and cooling is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves after vacuum dehumidification and cooling is optimized. The relative pressure in the roller silo is reduced from 0.098MPa to 0.260MPa to 0.080MPa to 0.098 MPa. The tea is cooled in the dehumidification and drying process, the temperature of the tea in the vacuum dehumidification and cooling process is 25-45 ℃, the vacuum dehumidification and cooling time of the tea in the low-oxygen environment in the roller bin is 2-10 minutes, the moisture in the vacuum dehumidification is evaporated very quickly, the porosity is easily formed on the surface of the tea, the rehydration of the product is good, the content is easy to dissolve out when the tea is brewed, and the tea is rich in taste level and is fresh and cool. And after the vacuum dehumidification and cooling, shutting down the driving device.
Step five, discharging materials: after the sealing cover is opened, the driving device is restarted. When discharging, the driving device drives the roller bin to rotate reversely through the transmission shaft, and the roller bin discharges withered and enzyme-deactivated tea leaves out of the roller bin when the driving device drives the roller bin to rotate reversely. The tea leaves after being enzyme-deactivated are discharged out of the roller bin through the bin opening of the roller bin for standby under the action of the reverse propelling of the helical blades 15 of the roller bin 1, and can enter the next rolling and shaping processing stage.
The heat energy generated by the heating device is used for carrying out heat radiation and heat conduction heating on the tea leaves through the bin body and the heating pipes in the roller bin. The energy consumption index of the split-range pressure-variable fixation of the tea leaves in the roller silo is 2800-3500 kJ/kg water, the convection fixation of the tea leaves in the current market is 5500-8500 kJ/kg water, the effective utilization rate of the heat energy of the convection fixation of the tea leaves is generally 20-50%, and the split-range pressure-variable fixation in the low-oxygen environment of the roller silo can be close to 100% theoretically, because the split-range pressure-variable fixation of the tea leaves does not need hot air to heat the tea leaves, the heat loss caused by exhaust is small, the boiling point of water is reduced by pressure reduction, the temperature of the tea leaves is extremely low, the heat is almost completely used for evaporating moisture, and the energy-saving advantage of the vacuum withering of the tea leaves is higher. The high-pressure high-temperature moisture can diffuse heat energy into the bud tips for enzyme deactivation, so that the fundamental problem of incomplete enzyme deactivation of the bud tips is effectively solved, and the green step-by-step variable-pressure enzyme deactivation is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
The multi-range variable-pressure fixation method is a novel tea processing technology integrating multiple subjects such as mechanics, processing, thermodynamics, gas flow, automatic control and the like, is a novel technology and a novel process for sequentially implementing vacuum low-temperature withering, variable-pressure high-temperature fixation and vacuum dehumidification cooling in stages on the basis of deep research on physical and chemical changes of active substances and the internal and external heat and mass exchange processes in the fixation process of tea, and has the advantages of good fixation effect, strong aroma-enhancing capability, low processing cost, convenience in control and the like of the tea under the low-oxygen environment in a roller silo.
The tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine can also be applied to fixation of other leaves, flowers, traditional Chinese medicinal materials and fruits and vegetables. The water-removing of other leaves, flowers, traditional Chinese medicinal materials and fruits and vegetables can also be processed by the split-range variable-pressure water-removing method.
Compared with the existing water-removing machine, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the heat conducting and heating area of a roller cylinder of the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine is increased by 12-60 times, the heat conducting and heating speed of heat energy is improved, the heat energy carried by a heat conducting medium conducts heat conducting and heating on tea through a cylinder body and a heating pipe of the roller cylinder, vacuum low-temperature withering, variable-pressure high-temperature fixation, and vacuum dehumidification and cooling are sequentially carried out in stages. The air extractor rapidly extracts moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves, and forms a negative pressure or high pressure state around the tea leaves in the roller bin. The high-pressure and high-temperature moisture can diffuse heat energy into the bud tips for enzyme deactivation, so that the fundamental problem that the enzyme deactivation of the bud tips is not complete is effectively solved; the heating pipe and the helical blade have the function of stirring and throwing the tea, the tea is uniformly stirred and thrown up and down in the withering and water-removing process in the low-oxygen environment in the roller silo, the tea is not caked in the water-removing process, the tea is cooled in the dehumidifying and drying process, and the quality of the tea after water-removing is optimized. Has the advantages of good fixation effect, strong aroma-enhancing capability, low processing cost, convenient control and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an external heating type tea roller range-dividing pressure-changing fixation machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a roller bin and a heating bin of the external heating type tea roller range-dividing pressure-swing fixation machine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the tea roller range-dividing pressure-variable fixation machine with internal heating according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a roller bin and a heating bin of the tea roller range-dividing pressure-swing fixation machine of the internal heating type;
FIG. 5 is a schematic process flow diagram of a first process of the tea roller process-variable pressure fixation machine of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic process flow diagram of a second process flow of the tea drum process-variable pressure fixation machine.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a roller bin, 2, a heating bin, 3, a driving device, 4, a heating device, 5, an air extractor, 6, an air guide pipe, 7, a dynamic sealing device, 8, a carrier roller, 9, a rear support frame, 10, a front support frame, 11, a support, 12, a roller path, 13, a heat energy inlet, 14, a heat energy outlet, 15, a transmission shaft, 16, a medium inlet, 17, a medium outlet, 18, a heat conduction pipe, 19, a helical blade, 20, a heating pipe, 21, a heat conduction medium, 22, an exhaust pipe, 23, a sealing cover, 24, a bin opening, 25, a valve, 26 and a bin body.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5, the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure water-removing machine shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5 comprises a roller bin 1, a heating bin 2, a driving device 3, a heating device 4, an air extractor 5, an air duct 6, a dynamic sealing device 7, a carrier roller 8, a rear support frame 9, a front support frame 10 and a support 15.
The roller bin 1 shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a bin body 26, a heating pipe 20, a sealing cover 23, a conduction shaft 15, an exhaust pipe 22, a roller path 12, a valve 25 and a helical blade 19.
The bin body 26 is a metal plate, and the metal plate is rolled and processed into a roller; the helical blades 19 are fixed on a bin body 26 in the roller bin 1.
The heating pipes 20 are fixedly arranged on a bin body 26 of the roller bin 1, and the distance between each heating pipe 20 and the adjacent heating pipe 20 is 100 mm. The heating pipe 20 is a metal pipe with openings at both ends for ventilation; the two ends of the heating pipe 20 are inserted into corresponding holes on the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1, the combination position of the heating pipe 20 and the bin body 26 is welded into a whole by a welding machine, and the combination position of the two ends of the heating pipe 20 and the bin body 26 is firm and airtight. The two ends of the heating pipe 20 and the cavity between the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 are communicated and ventilated, and the heat-conducting medium 17 in the cavity between the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 can enter the pipe of the heating pipe 20.
The roller bin 1 is supported and fixed by the heating pipes 20, and the heating pipes 20 improve the pressure resistance of the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1.
The roller path 12 is fixed on the bin body 26 at one end of the roller bin 1, and the transmission shaft 15 is fixed on the bin body 26 at the other end of the roller bin 1.
The sealing cover 23 is arranged on the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1; a valve 25 is installed on the exhaust port of the sealing cover 23. One end of the valve 25 is fixed to the exhaust port of the sealing cap 23, and the other end is connected to the exhaust pipe 22.
The valve 25 is a solenoid valve.
One end of the exhaust pipe 22 is fixed on the valve 25, the other end of the exhaust pipe 22 is connected with one end of the air duct 6 through the dynamic sealing device 7, and the other end of the air duct 6 is connected with the air extractor 5. When the exhaust pipe 22 rotates synchronously with the valve 25 fixed on the roller silo 1, the air duct 6 is stationary, and the exhaust pipe 22 and the air duct 6 are connected in a sealing way by the dynamic sealing device 7.
The exhaust pipe 22 is made of a corrugated pipe; the exhaust pipe 22 made of the corrugated pipe rotates and shakes along with the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 to synchronously displace, resonance caused by rotation of the roller bin 1 is reduced, shaking displacement of the air guide pipes 6 connected together is avoided due to the exhaust pipe 22 made of the corrugated pipe, and the service time and the sealing effect of the dynamic sealing device 7 are also improved.
The carrier rollers 8 are mounted on the front support frame 10, or mounted on both the front support frame 10 and the rear support frame 9. The idler 8 supports the raceway 12 on the body 26 of the roller bin 1.
The driving device 3 is arranged on the rear supporting frame 9; the driving device 3 is connected with the transmission shaft 15 of the roller silo 1; the power generated by the driving device 3 drives the transmission shaft 15 to rotate, and the driving device 3 drives the roller bin 1 to rotate through the transmission shaft 15. The roller silo 1 is used for deactivating enzyme of tea leaves when the driving device 3 drives the tea leaves to rotate forwards, and the roller silo 1 is used for discharging the tea leaves which are deactivated enzyme out of the roller silo 1 when the driving device 3 drives the tea leaves to rotate backwards.
The drive means 3 is a hydraulic motor.
The heating bin 2 is wrapped outside the roller bin 1, and the roller bin 1 is arranged inside the heating bin 2; the cavity distance between the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2 and the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1 is 30-120 mm.
The heat conducting medium 17 enters the heating pipe 20 through the openings at the two ends of the heating pipe 20, and the heat energy carried by the heat conducting medium 17 conducts heat conduction heating of heat radiation heat conduction to the tea leaves in the silo 1 through the heating pipe 20.
The heat conducting medium 17 is heat conducting oil.
The heating device 4 is a boiler.
The combination of the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 is in dynamic sealing connection, and the heating bin 2 is stationary when the roller bin 1 rotates.
The heating chamber 2 is fixed on the rear support frame 9 and the front support frame 10 through a bracket 15; the heating chamber 2 is stationary while the roller chamber 1 is rotating. The connection part of the bin body 26 at one end of the heating bin 2 and the bin body 26 at one end of the roller bin 1 provided with the roller path 12 is hermetically connected by a dynamic sealing device 7, and the connection part of the bin body 26 at one end of the heating bin 2 and the bin body 26 at one end of the roller bin 1 provided with the roller path 12 is sealed and airtight. The conduction shaft 15 on the bin body 26 at the other end of the roller bin 1 extends out of the bin body 26 at the other end of the heating bin 2, the transmission shaft and the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2 are in sealing connection through the dynamic sealing device 7, and the connection position of the bin body 26 at the other end of the heating bin 2 and the transmission shaft of the roller bin 1 is sealed and airtight.
The heating device 4 is provided with a medium inlet 16 and a medium outlet 17; the heating bin 2 outside the roller bin 1 is provided with a heat energy inlet 13 and a heat energy outlet 14. The thermal energy outlet 14 of the heating chamber 2 is connected by a heat pipe 18 to the medium inlet 16 of the heating means 4, and the medium outlet 17 of the heating means 4 is connected by a heat pipe 18 to the thermal energy inlet 13 of the heating chamber 2.
After the heat-conducting medium 17 is heated by the heating device 4, the heat-conducting medium 17 carrying heat energy conducts heat to the tea leaves around the heating pipe 20 through the heating pipe 20.
The air extractor 5 is a vacuum unit.
The vacuum unit comprises a vacuum pump and a condenser. The condenser condenses moisture generated during tea withering, dehumidification and cooling, and after condensable gas of the moisture is condensed into water, the volume of the non-condensable gas in the silo 1 is less; the power of the vacuum pump can be reduced by pumping the moisture with reduced volume, and the heat energy generated by condensation can be used again, so that the effects of waste heat utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The processing flow of the tea leaf roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 5 is as follows:
step one, feeding: after the sealing cover 23 on the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 is opened, tea leaves enter the roller bin 1 from the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1, the volume of the tea leaves is 50% -75% of the bin capacity of the roller bin 1, and the insufficient bin capacity is convenient for the turning, withering and water-removing processing of the tea leaves; the sealing cover 23 is arranged on the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 filled with the tea leaves, and the fixed sealing between the sealing cover 23 and the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 is airtight.
The heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat to the tea leaves through the bin body 26 and the heating pipes 20 of the roller bin 1, the heat-conducting heating area of the heating pipes 20 and the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1 is increased by 12-60 times, and the heat-conducting heating speed of the heat energy is improved.
Step two, vacuum low-temperature withering: the driving device 3 is started, and the driving device 3 drives the roller silo 1 to rotate forwards when the tea leaves are withered in vacuum. The valve 25 on the sealing cover 23 is opened, the rolling silo 1 is driven by the driving device 3 to rotate forwards to perform vacuum low-temperature withering on the tea leaves, the tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the forward rotation action of the heating pipe 20 and the helical blade 19 of the rolling silo 1, the tea leaves are not caked, the moisture uniformity of the tea leaves subjected to vacuum withering is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves subjected to vacuum withering is optimized. Moisture generated by the evaporation of the moisture in the tea leaves is fully diffused; the moisture is pumped out of the roller silo 1 by the suction device 5. When the tea temperature in the tea vacuum withering process is 24-61 ℃, the relative pressure in the roller bin 1 is 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa, the tea vacuum low-temperature withering time in the low-oxygen environment in the roller bin 1 is 3-10 minutes, and the water content after the tea withering reaches 60% -75%, the tea can enter the green removing stage.
Step three, pressure-changing high-temperature fixation: the relative pressure in the roller chamber 1 after tea withering is 0.080 Mpa-0.098 Mpa, and the roller chamber 1 after closing the valve 25 on the sealing cover 23 is a closed chamber. The temperature of the bin body 26 after the tea leaves are put into the bin is controlled to be 70-260 ℃, and the temperature can not be too low so as to avoid influencing the aroma of the tea leaves; and not too high to avoid the occurrence of explosion points. The tea leaves after variable-pressure high-temperature fixation are subjected to heat conduction and heating by heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 through the bin body 26 and the heating pipe 20 of the roller bin 1, moisture evaporated from the tea leaves is reheated by the bin body 26 and the heating pipe 20, the high-temperature moisture filled in the roller bin 1 carries the heat energy to carry out heat conduction and heating on the tea leaves during fixation, the tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the rotating action of the heating pipe 20 and the spiral blades 19 of the roller bin 1, the tea leaves are not agglomerated, the fixation uniformity of the tea leaves after variable-pressure high-temperature fixation is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves after variable-pressure high-temperature fixation is optimized. The relative pressure in the roller silo 1 is increased from 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa through pressure change, the temperature of the tea is 80 to 140 ℃, the interior of the roller silo 1 during enzyme deactivation is a small environment with high pressure and high humidity, the moisture with high pressure and high temperature of 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa can diffuse heat energy into the interior of the bud tip for enzyme deactivation, and the time for the enzyme deactivation through pressure change and high temperature in the low oxygen environment of the roller silo 1 is 2 to 12 minutes.
Step four, vacuum dehumidification and cooling: after the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation, the valve 25 on the sealing cover 23 of the roller bin 1 is opened, the heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat conduction and heating on the tea leaves subjected to the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation through the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1 and the heating pipe 20, and moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves is pumped out of the roller bin 1 by the air pumping device 5. The tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the rotating action of the heating pipe 20 and the helical blades 19 of the roller bin 1, the tea leaves are not agglomerated, the moisture uniformity of the tea leaves after vacuum dehumidification and cooling is improved, and the quality of the tea leaves after vacuum dehumidification and cooling is optimized. The relative pressure in the silo 1 is reduced from 0.098MPa to 0.260MPa to 0.080MPa to 0.098 MPa. The tea is cooled in the dehumidification and drying process, the temperature of the tea in the vacuum dehumidification and cooling process is 25-45 ℃, the vacuum dehumidification and cooling time of the tea in the low-oxygen environment in the roller bin 1 is 2-10 minutes, the moisture in the vacuum dehumidification is evaporated very quickly, the porosity is easily formed on the surface of the tea, the rehydration of the product is good, the content is easy to dissolve out when the tea is brewed, the taste is layered, and the tea is fresh and cool. After the vacuum dehumidification and cooling, the driving device 3 is shut down.
Step five, discharging materials: after opening the sealing cover 23, the drive means 3 is restarted. During discharging, the driving device 3 drives the roller silo 1 to rotate reversely through the transmission shaft, and the roller silo 1 discharges withered and enzyme-deactivated tea leaves out of the roller silo 1 when the driving device 3 drives the roller silo to rotate reversely. The tea leaves after being enzyme-deactivated are discharged out of the roller bin 1 through the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 for standby under the action of the reverse propelling of the spiral blades 1915 of the roller bin 11, and can enter the next rolling and shaping processing stage.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure water-removing machine shown in fig. 3 comprises a roller bin 1, a heating bin 2, a driving device 3, a heating device 4, an air extractor 5, an air duct 6, a dynamic sealing device 7, a carrier roller 8, a rear support frame 9, a front support frame 10 and a support frame 15.
The same combination structure of the tea roller range-dividing pressure-variable water-removing machine of the embodiment 2 and the tea roller range-dividing pressure-variable water-removing machine described in the embodiment 1 will not be described again.
As shown in figure 3, the roller bin 1 of the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure water-removing machine shown in figure 4 comprises a bin body 26, a heating pipe 20, a sealing cover 23, a conduction shaft 15, an exhaust pipe 22, a roller path 12, a valve 25 and a helical blade 19.
The combination of the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 is fixedly connected, and the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 synchronously rotate together.
The connection parts of the bin bodies 26 at the two ends of the heating bin 2 and the bin bodies 26 at the two ends of the roller bin 1 are fixedly and hermetically connected, the bin body 26 at the other end of the roller bin 1 is fixedly provided with a conduction shaft 15, and the transmission shaft is fixedly and hermetically connected with the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2.
The heating device 4 is an electric heating pipe; the heating device 4 is installed in a cavity between the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2 and the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1, the heating device 4 heats the heat-conducting medium 17 in the cavity between the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2 and the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1, and the heat-conducting medium 17 carrying heat energy enters the heating pipe 20 through the openings at the two ends of the heating pipe 20 to conduct heat to tea leaves around the heating pipe 20.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the tea-leaf roller-pass variable-pressure fixation machine has the following processing flow:
step one, feeding: after the sealing cover 23 on the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 is opened, tea leaves enter the roller bin 1 from the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1, the volume of the tea leaves is 50% -75% of the bin capacity of the roller bin 1, and the insufficient bin capacity is convenient for the turning, withering and water-removing processing of the tea leaves; the sealing cover 23 is arranged on the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 filled with the tea leaves, and the fixed sealing between the sealing cover 23 and the bin opening 24 of the roller bin 1 is airtight.
The heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat to the tea leaves through the bin body 26 and the heating pipes 20 of the roller bin 1, the heat-conducting heating area of the heating pipes 20 and the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1 is increased by 12-60 times, and the heat-conducting heating speed of the heat energy is improved.
Step two, vacuum pumping and exhausting gas: placing the tea leaves to be enzyme-deactivated in the roller bin 1; the valve 25 on the sealing cover 23 is opened, the air extractor 5 extracts the air in the roller silo 1, and after the relative pressure in the roller silo 1 after air extraction is 0.080 Mpa-0.098 Mpa, the tea leaves in the roller silo 1 can enter the water-removing stage.
Step three, pressure-changing high-temperature fixation: the tea leaves after variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation are subjected to heat conduction heating by heat energy carried by the heat conduction medium 17 through the bin body 26 and the heating pipe 20 of the roller bin 1, moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves is reheated by the bin body 26 and the heating pipe 20, the high-temperature moisture filled in the roller bin 1 carries the heat energy to carry out heat conduction heating on the tea leaves during enzyme deactivation, the relative pressure in the roller bin 1 is increased from 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa in a variable-pressure mode, the temperature of the tea leaves is 80-140 ℃, a small high-pressure high-humidity environment is arranged in the roller bin 1 during enzyme deactivation, the high-pressure high-temperature moisture of 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa can diffuse the heat energy into the interior of a bud tip for enzyme deactivation, and the time of the tea leaves during the variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation in the low-oxygen environment in the roller bin 1.
Step four, vacuum dehumidification and cooling: after the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation, the valve 25 on the sealing cover 23 of the roller bin 1 is opened, the heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat conduction and heating on the tea leaves subjected to the variable-pressure high-temperature fixation through the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1 and the heating pipe 20, and moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves is pumped out of the roller bin 1 by the air pumping device 5. The air extractor 5 pumps moisture in the roller bin 1, the relative pressure in the roller bin 1 is reduced from 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa to 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa, and the tea leaves are subjected to vacuum dehumidification and cooling for 2-10 minutes in a low-oxygen environment in the roller bin 1. After the vacuum dehumidification and cooling, the driving device 3 is shut down.
Step five, discharging materials: after opening the sealing cover 23, the drive means 3 is restarted. During discharging, the driving device 3 drives the roller silo 1 to rotate reversely through the transmission shaft, and the roller silo 1 discharges withered and enzyme-deactivated tea leaves out of the roller silo 1 when the driving device 3 drives the roller silo to rotate reversely.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1, 4 and 6, the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure water-removing machine shown in fig. 1 comprises a roller bin 1, a heating bin 2, a driving device 3, a heating device 4, an air extractor 5, an air duct 6, a dynamic sealing device 7, a carrier roller 8, a rear support frame 9, a front support frame 10 and a support 15.
The same points of the combined structure of the tea roller range-changing water-removing machine of the embodiment 3 and the tea roller range-changing water-removing machine and the range-changing water-removing method described in the embodiments 1 and 2 will not be described again.
As shown in figure 1 and figure 4, the roller chamber 1 of the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine comprises a chamber body 26, a heating pipe 20, a sealing cover 23, a conduction shaft 15, an exhaust pipe 22, a roller path 12, a valve 25 and a helical blade 19.
The combination of the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 is fixedly connected, and the roller bin 1 and the heating bin 2 synchronously rotate together.
The heating device 4 is arranged outside the heating chamber 2, and the heating device 4 is a burner.
The combustor heats the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2, the heat energy generated by the combustor heats the heat-conducting medium 17 in the cavity between the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2 and the bin body 26 of the roller bin 1 through the bin body 26 of the heating bin 2, and the heat-conducting medium 17 carrying the heat energy enters the heating pipe 20 through the openings at the two ends of the heating pipe 20 to conduct heat to tea leaves around the heating pipe 20.
The above embodiments are only used to help understand the manufacturing method and the core concept of the present invention, and the specific implementation is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make changes without creative efforts from the above concepts, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A tea roller split-range variable-pressure fixation machine comprises a roller bin (1), a heating bin (2), a driving device (3), a heating device (4), an air extractor (5), an air duct (6), a dynamic sealing device (7), a carrier roller (8), a rear support frame (9), a front support frame (10) and a support (15); the method is characterized in that: the roller silo (1) comprises a silo body (26), a heating pipe (20), a sealing cover (23), a conducting shaft (15), an exhaust pipe (22), a roller path (12), a valve (25) and a helical blade (19);
the heating pipe (20) is a metal pipe with two open ends and ventilation; two ends of the heating pipe (20) are inserted into corresponding holes on the bin body (26) of the roller bin (1);
the helical blades (19) are fixed on a bin body (26) in the roller bin (1), the roller path (12) is fixed on the bin body (26) at one end of the roller bin (1), and the transmission shaft (15) is fixed on the bin body (26) at the other end of the roller bin (1);
the sealing cover (23) is arranged on a bin opening (24) of the roller bin (1);
one end of the valve (25) is fixed on the exhaust port of the sealing cover (23), and the other end is connected to the exhaust pipe (22);
the exhaust pipe (22) is made of a corrugated pipe; one end of an exhaust pipe (22) is fixed on the valve (25), the other end of the exhaust pipe (22) is connected with one end of an air guide pipe (6) through a dynamic sealing device (7), and the other end of the air guide pipe (6) is connected with an air extractor (5);
the roller (8) supports a roller path (12) on a bin body (26) of the roller bin (1), and the driving device (3) drives the roller bin (1) to rotate through the transmission shaft (15);
the heating bin (2) is wrapped outside the roller bin (1), and the roller bin (1) and the heating bin (2) are fixedly connected or dynamically and hermetically connected; the cavity distance between the bin body (26) of the heating bin (2) and the bin body (26) of the roller bin (1) is 30-180 mm;
the processing flow of the tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine is as follows:
step one, feeding: a sealing cover (23) is arranged on a bin opening (24) of the rolling bin (1) filled with the tea; the heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat to the tea leaves through a bin body (26) of the roller bin (1) and a heating pipe (20);
step two, vacuum low-temperature withering: starting a driving device (3), opening a valve (25) on a sealing cover (23), carrying out vacuum low-temperature withering on tea leaves in a rolling silo (1) when the driving device (3) drives the tea leaves to rotate forwards, carrying out vertical stirring and throwing under the forward rotation action of a heating pipe (20) and a spiral blade (19) of the rolling silo (1), fully dispersing moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves, exhausting the moisture out of the rolling silo (1) through an air exhaust device (5), controlling the temperature of the tea leaves in the process of de-enzyming processing by the relative pressure in the silo (1), carrying out withering on the tea leaves in a low-oxygen environment in the silo (1), and entering a de-enzyming stage when the water content of the withered tea leaves reaches 60% -75%;
step three, pressure-changing high-temperature fixation: the roller silo (1) is a closed silo after the valve (25) on the sealing cover (23) is closed, heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat conduction heating on tea leaves subjected to variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation through the silo body (26) and the heating pipe (20) of the roller silo (1), moisture evaporated from the tea leaves is reheated by the silo body (26) and the heating pipe (20), the relative pressure in the roller silo (1) is increased from 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa, and the variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation time of the tea leaves in a low-oxygen environment in the roller silo (1) is 2-12 minutes;
step four, vacuum dehumidification and cooling: after pressure-variable high-temperature enzyme deactivation, opening a valve (25) on a sealing cover (23) of a roller silo (1), performing heat conduction heating on tea leaves subjected to pressure-variable high-temperature enzyme deactivation through a silo body (26) and a heating pipe (20) of the roller silo (1) by heat energy carried by a heat-conducting medium 17, pumping moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves out of the roller silo (1) by an air pumping device (5), reducing the relative pressure in the roller silo (1) from 0.098Mpa to 0.260Mpa to 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa, controlling the temperature of the tea leaves in the enzyme deactivation processing process by the relative pressure in the roller silo (1), cooling the tea leaves in the dehumidification and drying process, controlling the temperature of the tea leaves in the vacuum dehumidification and cooling process to be 25-45 ℃, and performing vacuum dehumidification and cooling on the tea leaves in a low-oxygen environment in the roller silo (1) for 2-10 minutes; after the vacuum dehumidification and cooling, the driving device (3) is closed;
step five, discharging materials: after the sealing cover (23) is opened, the driving device (3) is restarted, and the withered and water-removed tea leaves are discharged out of the roller silo (1) by the roller silo (1) when the driving device (3) drives the roller silo to rotate reversely.
2. The tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance between a heating tube (20) and an adjacent heating tube (20) is 80-150 mm.
3. The tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the valve (25) is a solenoid valve or a pneumatic valve.
4. The tea roller range-dividing variable-pressure fixation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drive means (3) is an electric motor and a gearbox, or a pneumatic motor, or a hydraulic motor.
5. A method for variable-pressure water-removing in a process of multiple steps, tea leaves are put in a roller silo (1) for water-removing processing treatment, the temperature of the tea leaves in the water-removing processing process is controlled by relative pressure in the roller silo (1), and variable-pressure withering, water-removing, dehumidifying and cooling are carried out in multiple steps; the method is characterized in that: the split-range pressure-variable water-removing method comprises feeding, vacuum low-temperature withering, pressure-variable high-temperature water-removing, vacuum dehumidifying and cooling, and discharging; or comprises feeding, vacuum pumping gas, pressure-changing high-temperature enzyme deactivation, vacuum dehumidifying and cooling, and discharging.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out vacuum low-temperature withering: the driving device (3) is started, the valve (25) on the sealing cover (23) is opened, the rolling silo (1) is used for carrying out vacuum low-temperature withering on tea leaves when the driving device (3) drives the tea leaves to rotate forwards, the tea leaves are stirred and thrown up and down under the forward rotation action of the heating pipe (20) and the spiral blades (19) of the rolling silo (1), moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves is fully dispersed, the relative pressure in the rolling silo (1) is 0.080 Mpa-0.098 Mpa when the tea leaves are withered, the moisture is pumped out of the rolling silo (1) by the air extractor (5), the tea leaves are withered in a low-oxygen environment in the rolling silo (1), and when the water content of the tea leaves after withering reaches 60% -75%, the tea leaves can enter a green-removing stage.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pressure-changing high-temperature fixation: the roller silo (1) after the valve (25) on the sealing cover (23) is closed is a closed silo, heat energy carried by the heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat conduction heating on tea leaves subjected to variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation through the silo body (26) and the heating pipe (20) of the roller silo (1), moisture evaporated from the tea leaves is reheated by the silo body (26) and the heating pipe (20), the relative pressure in the roller silo (1) is increased from 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa through variable pressure, and the time of variable-pressure high-temperature enzyme deactivation of the tea leaves in a low-oxygen environment in the roller silo (1) is 2-12 minutes.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: vacuum dehumidification and cooling: after the tea leaves are subjected to pressure-variable high-temperature enzyme deactivation, a valve (25) on a sealing cover (23) of a roller bin (1) is opened, heat energy carried by a heat-conducting medium 17 conducts heat conduction heating on the tea leaves subjected to pressure-variable high-temperature enzyme deactivation through a bin body (26) and a heating pipe (20) of the roller bin (1), moisture generated by moisture evaporation in the tea leaves is pumped out of the roller bin (1) through an air extractor (5), the relative pressure in the bin of the roller bin (1) is reduced from 0.098Mpa to 0.080Mpa to 0.098Mpa, the tea leaves are cooled in the dehumidification and drying process, the temperature of the tea leaves in the vacuum dehumidification and cooling process is 25-45 ℃, and the tea leaves are subjected to vacuum dehumidification and cooling in a low-oxygen environment in the bin of the roller bin (1) for 2-.
CN201911026880.9A 2019-10-26 2019-10-26 Tea roller pass-variable pressure fixation machine and pass-variable pressure fixation method Withdrawn CN111692856A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113016889A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-25 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Internal circulation superheated steam water-removing equipment and method
CN116725106A (en) * 2023-07-17 2023-09-12 广西国茗金花茶科技有限公司 High-pressure carbon dioxide fixation method and processing method for golden camellia flowers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113016889A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-25 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Internal circulation superheated steam water-removing equipment and method
CN116725106A (en) * 2023-07-17 2023-09-12 广西国茗金花茶科技有限公司 High-pressure carbon dioxide fixation method and processing method for golden camellia flowers

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Application publication date: 20200922