CN111690878A - 480 MPa-grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
480 MPa-grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel and a preparation method thereof. In order to develop a weathering steel with brand new components and good weathering effect, the invention provides 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, which comprises the following chemical components: according to weight percentage, C is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, Si: 1.20-2.00%, Mn is less than or equal to 1.50%, P: 0.005-0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 1.20-2.00%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Cu: 0.20-0.60%, Als is more than or equal to 0.010%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel. The atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of the high-chromium weathering steel reaches 9.49-10.60, which is obviously higher than 6.0, and the excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance of the product is realized. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate of the alloy relative to Q355B is less than or equal to 35%, the yield strength is 480-540 MPa, the tensile strength is 680-760 MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 18%, and the impact value at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 60J, so that the alloy can be used in bare or light coating in humid areas, can be widely applied to the fields of building, bridge construction or vehicle manufacturing, and has good application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to 480MPa grade high-chromium weathering steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The damage of steel corrosion to various fields of national economy and national defense construction is a common and serious problem. According to statistics, in some industrially developed countries, the economic loss caused by corrosion accounts for 2% -4% of the total value of national economic production, wherein atmospheric corrosion is the main form of steel structure corrosion and accounts for about half of the total corrosion loss. Therefore, the method has great significance for the development of weathering steel. The weathering steel is also named as atmospheric corrosion resistant steel, and is a low alloy steel with good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere. Through a large amount of research at home and abroad, at present, it is generally believed that after long-time exposure to the atmosphere, a layer of compact and good-adhesion oxidation product is generated on the surface of the weathering steel, so that a steel matrix is isolated from external corrosive substances, and the corrosion resistance of the weathering steel is obviously improved. The domestic weathering steel is mainly used for railway vehicles, containers and the like, and in developed countries such as the United states, Japan and the like, the weathering steel is more widely used in the fields of steel structure buildings and municipal facilities in a naked state. In the united states, the largest use of weathering steel is to construct bridges and expand the use of bare forms, with buildings using bare weathering steel reaching over 500. In japan, from 1965, exterior members such as building roofs, blinds, steel ribs, exterior panel lights, and the like have been exposed to weathering steel.
At present, as the application field of weathering steel is continuously expanded, more varieties of weathering steel need to be developed to meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: develops a new weathering steel with new components and good weathering effect.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: provides 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel. The high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel comprises the following chemical components: according to weight percentage, C is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, Si: 1.20-2.00%, Mn is less than or equal to 1.50%, P: 0.005-0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 1.20-2.00%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Cu: 0.20-0.60%, Als is more than or equal to 0.010%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel comprises the following chemical components: c, according to weight percentage: 0.06-0.08%, Si: 1.60-1.80%, Mn: 0.85-1.00%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.007%, Cr: 1.60-1.80%, Ni: 0.20-0.30%, Cu: 0.28-0.38%, Als: 0.015 to 0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Wherein the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is 9.49-10.60.
Wherein, the relative Q355B corrosion rate of the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is less than or equal to 35 percent.
The 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel has yield strength of 480-540 MPa, tensile strength of 680-760 MPa, elongation A of more than or equal to 18 percent and impact value of more than or equal to 60J at minus 40 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of molten iron desulphurization, converter smelting, LF-RH-LF-slab continuous casting, hot rolling, laminar cooling and coiling.
The invention also provides application of the 480MPa grade high-chromium weathering steel in the fields of buildings, bridge construction or vehicle manufacturing, and bare or light coating in wet areas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel with brand-new components, the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel reaches 9.49-10.60 and is obviously higher than 6.0, and the excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance of the product is realized. The steel has good atmospheric corrosion resistance, low later maintenance cost and long service life of products, and the full-period use cost is reduced; meanwhile, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the accident risk of corrosion failure is reduced. In addition, the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel can be used for bare or light coating in humid areas, can be widely applied to the fields of buildings, bridge construction or vehicle manufacturing, and has good application value.
Detailed Description
The invention provides 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel which comprises the following chemical components: according to weight percentage, C is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, Si: 1.20-2.00%, Mn is less than or equal to 1.50%, P: 0.005-0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 1.20-2.00%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Cu: 0.20-0.60%, Als is more than or equal to 0.010%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel comprises the following chemical components: c, according to weight percentage: 0.06-0.08%, Si: 1.60-1.80%, Mn: 0.85-1.00%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.007%, Cr: 1.60-1.80%, Ni: 0.20-0.30%, Cu: 0.28-0.38%, Als: 0.015 to 0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Among the above components of the weathering steel, C is an effective strengthening element in steel, and increases carbon content, which is advantageous for improving strength, but too high carbon content may form more coarse and brittle carbide particles in steel, which is disadvantageous for plasticity and toughness, and too high carbon content may form a segregation zone in the center of steel plate, which is disadvantageous for bending property and formability, while too high carbon content increases welding carbon equivalent, which is disadvantageous for welding process. Therefore, the invention designs that C is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, and the preferable C is: 0.06-0.08%.
Among the components of the weathering steel, Mn has a strong solid solution strengthening effect, can obviously reduce the phase transition temperature of the steel, refines the microstructure of the steel, is an important toughening element, but when the Mn content is too much, a casting blank crack is easy to generate in the continuous casting process, and simultaneously, the welding performance of the steel is also reduced. Therefore, the invention designs that Mn is less than or equal to 1.50 percent, and the preferable Mn: 0.85 to 1.00 percent.
In the components of the weathering steel, S can form sulfide inclusion to deteriorate the performance of the steel, and meanwhile, pitting corrosion expansion is easy to form in the corrosion process, and the corrosion performance is adversely affected. Therefore, the invention designs that S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and the preferable S is less than or equal to 0.007 percent.
Among the above components of the weathering steel, Al is added to the steel to perform deoxidation, but if the Al content is too high, the nitrogen oxide is easily precipitated at the austenite grain boundary to cause the generation of slab cracks. Therefore, the invention designs Als more than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the preferred Als: 0.015-0.050%.
After the elements C, Mn, S and Al are determined, the invention calculates the formula I as 26.01 (% Cu) +3.88 (% Ni) +1.20 (% Cr) +1.49 (% Si) +17.28 (% P) -7.29 (% Cu) (% Ni) -9.10 (% Ni) (% P) -33.39 (% Cu) based on the atmospheric corrosion resistance index in appendix D, namely, guide for evaluating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in weather-resistant structural steel (GB/T4171-2008)2The contents of Si, P, Cu, Cr and Ni in the steel are determined.
The addition of Cu into steel is favorable for forming a compact amorphous oxide (hydrocarbyl oxide) protective layer with good adhesion on the surface of the steel, and the corrosion resistance is obvious. In addition, Cu forms insoluble sulfides with S, thereby counteracting the deleterious effects of S on steel corrosion resistance. However, when the Cu content is too high, the melting point of Cu is low and is lower than the heating temperature of the slab, and the precipitated Cu is accumulated in the austenite grain boundary in a liquid state, and when the precipitated Cu content reaches a certain level, cracks are easily generated during heating or hot rolling. In addition, according to the calculation formula of the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I, the calculated value of the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I is reduced when the Cu content is too small or too large. Therefore, the present invention designs Cu: 0.20-0.60%, preferably Cu: 0.28 to 0.38 percent.
The Ni is added into the steel, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel is obviously improved, meanwhile, a Ni-containing Cu-rich phase is formed by the Ni and Cu elements and is retained in an external oxidation layer in a solid state, the enrichment amount of Cu in a matrix is reduced, the formation opportunity of a liquid Cu-rich phase is reduced, and the hot brittleness defect is avoided, so that the Ni/Cu content in the steel is generally controlled to be more than or equal to 1/2. However, too high Ni increases the adhesion of scale, hot rolling defects are formed on the surface by pressing into steel, Ni is a precious metal, and too high Ni content significantly increases the cost of steel alloy. Therefore, the present invention designs Ni: 0.10-0.40%, preferably Ni: 0.20 to 0.30 percent.
P can effectively improve the atmospheric corrosion resistance of steel, and when P and Cu are jointly added into the steel, a better composite effect can be displayed, but the plasticity and the low-temperature toughness of the steel are obviously reduced when the content of P is too high. The present invention therefore designs P: 0.005 to 0.030%, preferably 0.010 to 0.025%.
Si has higher solid solubility in steel, is beneficial to refining rust layer tissues and reducing the overall corrosion rate of the steel, and the high Si content can obviously improve the I value according to a calculation formula of an atmospheric corrosion resistance index I. However, too high Si content makes descaling difficult during rolling and also leads to deterioration of weldability. Therefore, the invention designs Si: 1.20-2.00%, preferably Si: 1.60 to 1.80 percent.
Cr has an obvious effect of improving the passivation capability of steel, can promote the surface of the steel to carry out a compact passivation film or a protective rust layer, the enrichment of Cr in the rust layer can effectively improve the selective permeability of the rust layer to corrosive media, and the high Cr content can obviously improve the value I according to a calculation formula of an atmospheric corrosion resistance index I. However, too high Cr content increases the production cost. Therefore, the invention designs Cr: 1.20-2.00%, preferably Cr: 1.60 to 1.80 percent.
Based on the preferable components, the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel can reach 9.49-10.60, the value is more than 6.0, and the excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance of the product is realized.
The 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel has yield strength of 480-540 MPa, tensile strength of 680-760 MPa, elongation A of more than or equal to 18 percent and impact value of more than or equal to 60J at minus 40 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of molten iron desulphurization, converter smelting, LF-RH-LF-slab continuous casting, hot rolling, laminar cooling and coiling.
In the preparation method of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, parameters are controlled according to the table 1 in each step.
TABLE 1 Main technical measures and control targets taken in the respective procedures
In the smelting process of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, the addition amount of alloy is large, the temperature drop in the process is large, so that the recarburization and heating recarburization of the alloy are large, and the excessive temperature drop can cause poor ferrochrome melting effect and serious bonding of RH process insert tubes, so that the production requirement of the steel can not be met by a common converter smelting-LF-RH-slab continuous casting mode.
In the smelting process of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, a double LF process is adopted, and although one LF process is added, the production cost is increased, the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel has more advantages in effective utilization of temperature, component carbon and alloy (alloy loss caused by adhesion of an insert pipe is avoided) and refining sulfur control efficiency, the production risk is reduced to a great extent, and main technical measures and control targets adopted in each process are shown in the table. The ferrochrome entering the LF procedure for the first time is controlled by reducing the lower limit of the component requirement by 0.15 percent, and because the content of other alloy elements is low and easy to oxidize, the ferrochrome is not prepared when entering the LF for the first time, is primarily prepared after RH decarburization and deoxidation, and is finely adjusted after entering the LF for the second time.
In the smelting process of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, a casting blank is hot-charged by hot delivery or immediately stacked and slowly cooled and is charged in 24 hours, the tapping temperature is 1240-1280 ℃, the rough rolling full-length complete scale removal is carried out, the finish rolling start temperature is less than or equal to 1020 ℃, the finish rolling temperature is 810-850 ℃, cooling water between stands is completely shut off, the laminar cooling adopts sparse cooling, and the coiling temperature is 580-620 ℃.
For steel with high alloy content, the casting blank is easy to generate edge crack defects when the stacking time is long and the charging temperature is low, so the casting blank is subjected to hot conveying hot charging or is immediately stacked for slow cooling and is charged in 24 hours.
Iron olivine (Fe) is formed between the iron oxide skin and the matrix during long-term heating of the steel containing higher silicon in the furnace2SiO4) Its melting point is 1173 ℃. Eliminating or mitigating steel containing siliconThe effective method for difficult scale removal is to increase the tapping temperature so that the surface temperature of the plate blank is higher than that of Fe during rough scale removal2SiO4Does not form FeO/Fe when it is in a liquid state2SiO4Easy to remove.
Cooling water between the racks is completely closed, so that the rolling speed can be reduced, and the cooling rate is reduced; meanwhile, laminar cooling adopts sparse cooling, and the cooling rate is reduced. Because high Cr steel has high hardenability and a large cooling rate, a martensite structure is easy to appear, and therefore, the toughness and the plasticity of a product are adversely affected.
The method for preparing the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is not limited to the method, and the weathering steel with atmospheric corrosion resistance index I larger than 6 can be smelted by adopting other reasonable methods.
The following examples and comparative examples further describe specific embodiments of the present invention and do not therefore limit the present invention to the scope of the examples described.
Examples and comparative examples
The high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is prepared by adopting conventional smelting and controlled rolling and controlled cooling processes, the corrosion resistance is detected according to TB/T2375 periodic infiltration corrosion test method for weathering steel for railways, and the specific components, the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I and the relative Q355B corrosion rate of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel, the common weathering steel Q450NQR1 and the low-alloy high-strength steel Q355B in a comparative example 1 and a comparative example 2 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 examples and comparative examples Main Components (/%) and Corrosion resistance
The embodiment and the comparative example show that the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel exceeds 6.0, is far greater than that of common weathering steel and low-alloy high-strength steel, can realize excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance, can be used in bare or light coating in humid areas, reduces coating and rust removal cost, reduces failure accidents caused by corrosion, reduces environmental pollution, and has good application prospect.
Claims (7)
1.480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components: according to weight percentage, C is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, Si: 1.20-2.00%, Mn is less than or equal to 1.50%, P: 0.005-0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 1.20-2.00%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Cu: 0.20-0.60%, Als is more than or equal to 0.010%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel according to claim 1, characterized by chemical composition: c, according to weight percentage: 0.06-0.08%, Si: 1.60-1.80%, Mn: 0.85-1.00%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.007%, Cr: 1.60-1.80%, Ni: 0.20-0.30%, Cu: 0.28-0.38%, Als: 0.015 to 0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel of claim 1, characterized by: the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is 9.49-10.60.
4. The 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel of claim 1, characterized by: the corrosion rate of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel relative to Q355B is less than or equal to 35 percent.
5. The 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel of claim 1, characterized by: the yield strength of the high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel is 480-540 MPa, the tensile strength is 680-760 MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 18%, and the impact value at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 60J.
6. The preparation method of the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of molten iron desulphurization, converter smelting, LF-RH-LF-slab continuous casting, hot rolling, laminar cooling and coiling.
7. The use of the 480MPa grade high-silicon high-chromium weathering steel according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is used in bare or light coating in the fields of construction, bridge construction or vehicle manufacturing, wet areas.
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Application publication date: 20200922 |