CN111690707B - Method and production system for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste vinasse - Google Patents
Method and production system for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste vinasse Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
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- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
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- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000235546 Rhizopus stolonifer Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589651 Zoogloea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 description 3
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- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013124 brewing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940111205 diastase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P39/00—Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/001—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions
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- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
- C12M41/22—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes in contact with the bioreactor walls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a production system for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste vinasse, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of one-round fermentation, distillation treatment, two-round fermentation and pit mud preparation, wherein the waste lees can be converted into humus, and the humus is used for preparing the artificial aged pit mud. 2.5 to4 parts of humus, 10 to 30 parts of pit mud, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of activated sludge, 40 to 60 parts of clay, 10 to 15 parts of beef extract, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of organic matter decomposing agent, 10 to 20 parts of composite caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2 to 5 parts of vegetable straw, 2 to 5 parts of fruit pulp, 20 to 30 parts of pit mud additive liquid and the like are selected according to the parts by weight, and the artificial pit mud can be prepared after stacking fermentation. The secondary utilization of the waste vinasse is mainly applied to the preparation of artificial aged pit mud, and the problem that the waste vinasse cannot be effectively utilized in the traditional treatment method is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of brewing processes, and particularly relates to a method and a production system for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste vinasse.
Background
The waste lees are main byproducts in the brewing production, the starch content in the waste lees is 10% -12%, and the waste lees are rich in cellulose, protein, fat and other available organic matters. Statistics data show that about 2500 ten thousand tons of waste grains are produced annually in the white spirit brewing industry in China. The distilled grain has high moisture content and acidity, is extremely easy to mildew and rot when stacked and stored, and can cause serious environmental pollution if being randomly discarded or burned. The full utilization of the nutrient components in the waste lees not only can solve the environmental protection problem and save grains, but also can improve the economic benefit.
The current treatment method of the waste lees comprises the following steps:
(1) For animal cultivation or biofertilizer: the waste lees are directly sold for being used as feed, so that the economic benefit is low, if the waste lees cannot be treated in time, the waste lees are very easy to rot, and the production environment of a factory is seriously influenced;
(2) The preparation method is used for producing raw materials of health products: the waste lees are used as biological culture raw materials, such as culturing high-protein edible maggot food and the like.
(3) The feed is used as a biological feed raw material: the distilled grain is used as a main raw material, and the culture contains a large amount of beneficial living bacteria, microbial enzymes and other bioactive substances through the multi-strain collaborative fermentation of aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, candida tropicalis and the like, and the crude fiber is degraded, so that the crude protein and true protein content is improved. The waste dreg fermented biological feed has better economic benefit, but needs to be independently cultured, and has higher requirements on control conditions, higher production difficulty and higher production cost.
(4) The method is used for fermenting the waste vinasse wine: the residual starch of the distilled spirit spent grains is mostly low-grade dextrin which is difficult to saccharify by enzyme, and the spent grains have large acidity and more reducing substances, which prevent saccharification and propagation and fermentation of other microorganisms such as bacteria and saccharomycetes. At present, high-activity yeast for brewing wine is still used in the production of waste distilled grain wine in a plurality of white spirit factories. The single active dry yeast is matched with the diastase to ferment the waste lees, so that only the starch in the waste lees is utilized more, the substances such as protein and cellulose and the like can not be effectively utilized, and simultaneously, the excessive protein and cellulose substances can prevent the release and decomposition of the starch in the waste lees, thereby influencing the wine yield and having a light taste. The requirements of different industrial diversified waste grains on fermentation yeast are also higher and higher, and the mixed fermentation of a multi-enzyme system and multi-strain becomes the research direction.
The residual starch and aroma substances in the waste lees can be used as raw materials for producing the white spirit and flavor substances of the white spirit, the waste lees are widely used for producing the waste lees, the process technology is mature, but the following problems are often encountered in the specific production process:
(1) The utilization of starch is considered more important, and the utilization of substances such as acid, protein, amino acid and the like in the waste lees is ignored;
(2) The microorganism types, the number of thalli and the activity of the spent grain yeast produced by the traditional method are difficult to control accurately, and the industrialization of the production is severely restricted.
(3) Although the utilization efficiency of the waste lees is improved to a certain extent by the auxiliary materials such as saccharifying enzyme, dry yeast, compound enzyme and the like, the auxiliary materials are various in variety and complex in proportion, and the production control difficulty is increased.
Along with the application of modern molecular biology technology, microorganism breeding technology and microorganism population analysis technology in white spirit research, the development of the traditional white spirit industry is promoted, and the industrial upgrading of white spirit enterprises is accelerated. Aiming at the technical difficulties encountered in the industrialized production of distilled grains of white spirit, the new technical means well help to solve the practical problem of production.
Humus is an organic matter with a complex structure in pit mud, is not only a main source of microorganism nutrition in pit mud, but also plays an important role in maintaining the nutrition of pit mud, regulating acidity and maintaining the moistening of pit mud, and generally accounts for 50% -70% of the total organic matter. The main constituent elements of humus are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the like. Humus is not a single organic compound, but a mixture of a series of organic compounds, which are common and different in composition, structure and properties, with humic acid and fulvic acid being the main. Humic acid is a humic substance which can be dissolved in alkali solution and precipitated by acid solution, has a molecular weight larger than that of fulvic acid, and comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c (50-60%), H (2.8-6.6%), O (31-40%), N (2.6-6.0%). The acidity of the humic acid is smaller than that of the fulvic acid, the humic acid is slightly acidic, the absorption capacity is higher, the monovalent salt of the humic acid is soluble in water, and the divalent and trivalent salts of the humic acid are insoluble in water, so that the humic acid has important significance for the maintenance of soil nutrients and the formation of soil structures. Fulvic acid is a humic substance which is dissolved in alkali solution and acid solution, the molecular weight of the humic substance is smaller than that of humic acid, and the percentages of elements in the molecular composition are respectively as follows: c (40-52%), H (4-6%), O (40-48%), N (2-6%). The fulvic acid is strong in acidity, high in mobility and lower in absorptivity than the humic acid, and monovalent, divalent and trivalent salts of the fulvic acid are dissolved in water, so that the fulvic acid plays an important role in promoting mineral decomposition and nutrient release. Humus can exist in the state of free humic acid and humate in clay, and can be in gel state and tightly combined with mineral clay, so that the humus becomes an important colloidal substance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing humus by double fermentation of waste vinasse, which aims to convert the waste vinasse into humus by fermentation so as to expand the utilization way of the waste vinasse and improve the utilization rate of resources.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial aged pit mud by the waste vinasse double-round fermentation, which aims to solve the problem that the yield of wine in a pit is low due to low quality of the existing artificial aged pit mud.
The invention also provides a production system for preparing humus by using the waste dreg double-round fermentation, and aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and lower production efficiency of the existing production device.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing humus by double fermentation of waste vinasse comprises the following steps:
s1, fermenting for one round: cooling the waste lees to 25-32 ℃, selecting 70-90 parts of the waste lees, 5-15 parts of the compound enzyme liquid, 10-20 parts of the compound enzyme liquid, uniformly mixing, and putting the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one round of fermentation at 16-25 ℃ for 60-100 days at 20-40 ℃;
the composite enzyme liquid comprises the following components: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of the components is (3-5): (1.5-3.5): (1-2.5): (1-2); the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae, and the weight ratio of each component is (5-6): (2-4): (0.5-2): (0.5-2);
s2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water in a round of fermentation device after the round of fermentation is finished, pouring out fermented grains, loading the fermented grains into a distillation device for distillation for 30-50 min, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for series distillation; respectively picking out the wine head, the raw wine and the wine tail in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the wine tail is lower than 8-10% vol, and collecting bottom boiler water;
S3, two rounds of fermentation: cooling the fermented grains to 18-35 ℃ after distillation, selecting 50-70 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2 according to parts by weight, mixing 20-40 parts of activated sludge and 0.2-0.5 part of EM bacteria activating solution uniformly, loading the mixed materials into a two-round fermentation device, and fermenting for 30-60 days to convert the fermented grains into humus for preparing artificial aged pit mud.
Further, in the step S3, 10-20 parts of seed bacteria are added, wherein the seed bacteria are zoogloea obtained after the completion of the two rounds of fermentation.
In step S1, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacterial solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with the waste lees.
Further, in step S3, the activated sludge is lotus pond sludge or fish pond sludge.
The method for preparing the artificial aged pit mud by the double-round fermentation of the waste vinasse comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2.5 to 4 parts of humus, 10 to 30 parts of aged pit mud, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of activated sludge, 40 to 60 parts of clay, 10 to 15 parts of beef extract, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of organic matter decomposing agent, 10 to 20 parts of composite caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2 to 5 parts of vegetable straw, 2 to 5 parts of fruit pulp and 20 to 30 parts of pit mud additive solution are selected;
the pit mud additive liquid is prepared from the wine head, the raw wine, the wine tail and the bottom boiler water, and the weight proportions of the components are as follows: 4-6 parts of bottom boiler water: 0.1 to 0.5 of wine head: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of base wine: 2-5 parts of wine tails.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the materials, stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, and mixing the stacked fermentation materials and pit mud skin according to the weight ratio of 1:2, mixing and fermenting again for 60-90 days to obtain the required artificial aged pit mud.
A production system for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of waste vinasse comprises a primary fermentation device, a distillation device and a secondary fermentation device;
The fermentation device comprises a bracket and a fermentation tank arranged on the bracket, the top of the fermentation tank is connected with a tank cover, the bottom in the fermentation tank is provided with a horizontal partition board, and a filter screen is paved on the upper layer of the partition board; a yellow water collecting bin is formed between the partition plate and the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a yellow water outlet is also formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank;
the distillation device comprises a steamer pot and a steamer cover, wherein a heating chamber is arranged at the bottom of the steamer pot, a hot water chamber is arranged below the heating chamber, a cold water chamber is arranged below the hot water chamber, the heating chamber and the hot water chamber are separated by a one-way valve, the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber are also separated by a one-way valve, and the flow directions of the one-way valves are from bottom to top; an electromagnetic heating coil is arranged in the heating chamber, a heat exchanger is also arranged below the steamer pot, the heat exchanger is positioned in the hot water chamber and the cold water chamber, a steam pipe is connected between an inlet of the heat exchanger and the steamer cover, and a telescopic pipe is connected to the steam pipe; the bottom of the heat exchanger is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet;
The two-wheel fermentation device comprises a storage bin, a stirring device is arranged in the storage bin, and an air pressure detector and an air outlet are arranged at the top of the storage bin; the upper part of the storage bin is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is connected with a material lifting device; the lower part of the storage bin is provided with a discharge opening, and the discharge opening is connected with a solid-liquid separation discharge device.
Further, the upper part of the heating chamber is also provided with an overflow port and a liquid level controller, a water delivery pipe is also arranged between the heating chamber and the hot water chamber, a water pump is also arranged on the water delivery pipe, and the liquid level controller controls the water pump to be turned on and off.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the secondary utilization of the waste grains is mainly applied to the preparation of the artificial aged pit mud, and the defect that the fermented grains cannot be degraded in the traditional treatment method is overcome;
2. The method has the advantages that the waste lees are subjected to secondary fermentation, and macromolecule substances in the waste lees can be thoroughly degraded so that the macromolecule substances are fully utilized in pit mud fermentation, so that the effect of inoculating a bacteria source is achieved, and energy is provided for pit mud fermentation;
3. The humic substances of the fermentation end product are directly applied to pit mud, which is beneficial to the adhesion of pit mud microorganisms, not only increases the pit mud gel connectivity, but also provides energy and activity places for the strains;
4. The integrated distiller makes full use of energy, saves heat energy, water and places, improves heat exchange efficiency, and is beneficial to collecting fermentation byproducts (bottom boiler water, wine tails and the like).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fermentation apparatus of a round of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a distillation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a two-wheeled fermentation device of the present invention;
In the figure: 1-fermentation tank, 2-tank cover, 3-partition plate, 4-yellow water collecting bin, 5-yellow water outlet, 6-steamer pot, 7-steamer cover, 8-heating chamber, 9-hot water chamber, 10-cold water chamber, 11-heat exchanger, 12-steam pipe, 13-telescopic pipe, 14-electromagnetic heating coil, 15-check valve, 16-overflow port, 17-water pipe, 18-storage bin, 19-stirring device, 20-air pressure detector, 21-exhaust port, 22-feed port, 23-material lifting device, 24-discharge port and 25-solid-liquid separation discharge device.
Detailed Description
A method for preparing humus and artificial aged pit mud by double-round fermentation of waste vinasse comprises the following steps:
Example 1:
S1, fermenting for one round: cooling the waste vinasse to 25-27 ℃, selecting 90 parts of the waste vinasse, 10 parts of the compound enzyme solution and 20 parts of the compound bacteria solution according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and putting the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one round of fermentation at 16-18 ℃ for 80 days at 40 ℃;
Wherein the components of the complex enzyme liquid are as follows: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of each component is 4:1.5:1:1, a step of; the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae, and the weight ratio of each component is 5:2:2:1, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacterial solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with the waste lees.
S2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water in a round of fermentation device after the round of fermentation is finished, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for series steaming; pouring out the fermented grains and loading the fermented grains into a distillation device for distillation for 30-50 min; and respectively picking out the wine head, the raw wine and the wine tail in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the wine tail is lower than 10%vol, and finally collecting bottom boiler water through a bottom boiler water outlet of the distillation device.
S3, two rounds of fermentation: cooling the fermented grains to 32-35 ℃ after distillation, selecting 70 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2 according to parts by weight, 25 parts of activated sludge, 0.5 part of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria activating solution and 20 parts of seed bacteria, uniformly mixing, loading the mixed materials into a two-round fermentation device, and fermenting for 30-60 days to convert the fermented grains into humus for preparing artificial aged pit mud. Wherein the seed bacteria are zoogloea obtained after the last round of fermentation, and the activated sludge is lotus pond sludge or fish pond sludge. During the first fermentation, no seed bacteria can be added, and the second fermentation is started.
S4, pit mud preparation: 4 parts of humus obtained in the step S3, 30 parts of aged pit mud, 1 part of activated sludge, 60 parts of clay, 10 parts of beef extract, 1 part of organic matter decomposing agent, 15 parts of composite caproic acid bacterial liquid, 5 parts of vegetable straw, 5 parts of fruit pulp and 30 parts of pit mud additive liquid are selected.
The pit mud additive liquid is prepared from the wine head, the wine base, the wine tail and the bottom water in the step S2, and the weight ratio of each component is as follows: bottom boiler water 4: wine head 0.5: base wine 0.3: and a wine tail 2. The vegetable straw is prepared by crushing tomato straw, capsicum straw, eggplant straw and the like; the fruit pulp is prepared from fructus Mali Pumilae, fructus Pyri, etc.
Uniformly mixing the materials, stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, and mixing the stacked fermentation materials and pit mud skin according to the weight ratio of 1:2, mixing and fermenting again for 60-90 days to obtain the artificial aged pit mud.
Example 2:
s1, fermenting for one round: cooling the waste lees to 27-30 ℃, selecting 70 parts of the waste lees, 5 parts of the compound enzyme solution and 15 parts of the compound bacteria solution according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and putting the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one round of fermentation at 16-18 ℃ for 60 days at 30 ℃;
Wherein the components of the complex enzyme liquid are as follows: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of each component is 5:3.5:2.5:2; the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae, and the weight ratio of each component is 6:4:1:2, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacterial solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with the waste lees.
S2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water in a round of fermentation device after the round of fermentation is finished, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for series steaming; pouring out the fermented grains and loading the fermented grains into a distillation device for distillation for 30-50 min; and respectively picking out the wine head, the raw wine and the wine tail in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the wine tail is lower than 10%vol, and finally collecting bottom boiler water through a bottom boiler water outlet of the distillation device.
S3, two rounds of fermentation: cooling the fermented grains to 28-32 ℃ after the distillation is finished, selecting 60 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2 according to the weight parts, 30 parts of activated sludge, 0.2 part of EM (effective microorganism) activating solution and 10 parts of seed bacteria, uniformly mixing, loading the mixed materials into a two-round fermentation device, and fermenting for 30-60 days to convert the fermented grains into humus for preparing artificial aged pit mud.
S4, pit mud preparation: 2.5 parts of humus obtained in the step S3, 20 parts of aged pit mud, 0.5 part of activated sludge, 40 parts of clay, 15 parts of beef extract, 1.5 parts of organic matter decomposing agent, 10 parts of composite caproic acid bacterial liquid, 10 parts of vegetable straw, 4 parts of fruit pulp and 10 parts of pit mud additive liquid are selected.
The pit mud additive liquid is prepared from the wine head, the wine base, the wine tail and the bottom water in the step S2, and the weight ratio of each component is as follows: bottom boiler water 5: wine head 0.3: base wine 0.1: and a wine tail 5. The vegetable straw is prepared by crushing tomato straw, capsicum straw, eggplant straw and the like; the fruit pulp is prepared from fructus Mali Pumilae, fructus Pyri, etc.
Uniformly mixing the materials, stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, and mixing the stacked fermentation materials and pit mud skin according to the weight ratio of 1:2, mixing and fermenting again for 60-90 days to obtain the artificial aged pit mud.
Example 3:
S1, fermenting for one round: cooling the waste vinasse to 25-27 ℃, selecting 80 parts of waste vinasse, 15 parts of compound enzyme solution and 10 parts of compound bacteria solution according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and putting the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one round of fermentation at 18-23 ℃ for 100 days at 20 ℃;
Wherein the components of the complex enzyme liquid are as follows: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of each component is 3:2.5:2:1, a step of; the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae, and the weight ratio of each component is 5:3:0.5:0.5, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacterial solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with the waste lees.
S2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water in a round of fermentation device after the round of fermentation is finished, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for series steaming; pouring out the fermented grains and loading the fermented grains into a distillation device for distillation for 30-50 min; and respectively picking out the wine head, the raw wine and the wine tail in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the wine tail is lower than 10%vol, and finally collecting bottom boiler water through a bottom boiler water outlet of the distillation device.
S3, two rounds of fermentation: cooling the fermented grains to 18-23 ℃ after the distillation is finished, selecting 50 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2 according to parts by weight, 40 parts of activated sludge, 0.3 part of EM (effective microorganism) activating solution and 15 parts of seed bacteria, uniformly mixing, loading the mixed materials into a two-round fermentation device, and fermenting for 30-60 days to convert the fermented grains into humus for preparing artificial aged pit mud.
S4, pit mud preparation: 3 parts of humus obtained in the step S3, 10 parts of aged pit mud, 1.5 parts of activated sludge, 50 parts of clay, 13 parts of beef extract, 0.5 part of organic matter decomposing agent, 20 parts of composite caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2 parts of vegetable straw, 2 parts of fruit pulp and 20 parts of pit mud additive liquid are selected.
The pit mud additive liquid is prepared from bottom boiler water, wine heads, raw wine and wine tails in the step S2, and the weight ratio of each component is as follows: bottom boiler water 6: wine head 0.1: base wine 0.5: and a wine tail 2. The vegetable straw is prepared by crushing tomato straw, capsicum straw, eggplant straw and the like; the fruit pulp is prepared from fructus Mali Pumilae, fructus Pyri, etc.
Uniformly mixing the materials, stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, and mixing the stacked fermentation materials and pit mud skin according to the weight ratio of 1:2, mixing and fermenting again for 60-90 days to obtain the artificial aged pit mud.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a production system for preparing humus by waste vinasse double-round fermentation comprises a primary fermentation device, a distillation device and a secondary fermentation device;
The fermentation device comprises a bracket and a fermentation tank 1 arranged on the bracket, the top of the fermentation tank 1 is connected with a tank cover 2, the bottom in the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a horizontal baffle plate 3, and a filter screen is paved on the upper layer of the baffle plate 3; a yellow water collecting bin 4 is formed between the baffle plate 3 and the tank bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and the tank bottom of the fermentation tank 1 is also provided with a yellow water outlet 5. The outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with an electric heating wire, and the fermentation tank 1 is heated by the electric heating wire to maintain the temperature required by fermentation.
The distillation device comprises a steamer pot 6 and a steamer cover 7, a heating chamber 8 is arranged at the bottom of the steamer pot 6, a hot water chamber 9 is arranged below the heating chamber 8, a cold water chamber 10 is arranged below the hot water chamber 9, and the heating chamber 8, the hot water chamber 9 and the cold water chamber 10 are separated by using a partition plate 3 respectively. A one-way valve 15 is arranged between the heating chamber 8 and the hot water chamber 9, a one-way valve 15 is also arranged between the hot water chamber 9 and the cold water chamber 10, and the flow direction of the one-way valve 15 is from bottom to top. An electromagnetic heating coil 14 is arranged in the heating chamber 8 and used for heating water in the heating chamber 8, a heat exchanger 11 is further arranged below the steamer pot 6, the heat exchanger 11 is positioned in the hot water chamber 9 and the cold water chamber 10, a steam pipe 12 is connected between an inlet of the heat exchanger 11 and the steamer cover 7, an extension pipe 13 is connected to the steam pipe 12, and a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger 11. The purpose of the bellows 13 is to open the retort cover 7 without removing the communicating vessel.
The upper part of the heating chamber 8 is also provided with an overflow port 16 and a liquid level controller, a water delivery pipe 17 is also arranged between the heating chamber 8 and the hot water chamber 9, a water pump is also arranged on the water delivery pipe 17, and when the liquid level controller detects that the water level is lower than the lowest threshold value, the water pump is started to deliver the water in the hot water chamber 9 into the heating chamber 8 through the water delivery pipe 17; and when the liquid level controller detects that the water level exceeds the highest threshold value, the water pump is turned off. The main function of the overflow 16 is to prevent boiling water from entering the fermented grains. The heating chamber 8 is also provided with a booster, and when the steam pressure is less than 0.03MPa, the booster can increase the steam pressure to maintain the steam pressure between 0.03 and 0.05 MPa.
The two-wheel fermentation device comprises a storage bin 18, a stirring device 19 is arranged in the storage bin 18, an air pressure detector 20 and an air outlet 21 are arranged at the top of the storage bin 18, and an electromagnetic exhaust valve is arranged on the air outlet 21; the upper part of the storage bin 18 is provided with a feed inlet 22, and a material lifting device 23 is connected to the feed inlet 22; the lower part of the storage bin 18 is provided with a discharge opening 24, and a solid-liquid separation discharge device 25 is connected to the discharge opening 24. The solid-liquid separation discharging device 25 adopts conventional hydraulic separation, and realizes solid-liquid separation under the extrusion action.
The stirring device 19 rotates slowly in the fermentation process to ensure uniform fermentation of the materials in the storage bin 18 and prevent layering in the fermentation process. Because anaerobic fermentation can produce a large amount of gas, can set up the pressure threshold value in storage silo 18 on jar body control computer, when fermentation cylinder 1 internal pressure is higher than setting up the threshold value, electromagnetic discharge valve opens, and gaseous will be discharged from gas vent 21, and it is empty to ignite by the gas export again.
It should be noted that the above is only a part of embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for preparing humus by double-round fermentation of the waste vinasse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fermenting for one round: cooling the waste lees to 25-32 ℃, selecting 70-90 parts of the waste lees, 5-15 parts of the compound enzyme liquid, 10-20 parts of the compound enzyme liquid, uniformly mixing, and putting the mixed materials into a round of fermentation device for one round of fermentation at 16-25 ℃ for 60-100 days at 20-40 ℃;
the composite enzyme liquid comprises the following components: amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of the components is (3-5): (1.5-3.5): (1-2.5): (1-2); the composite bacterial liquid comprises the following components: saccharomyces cerevisiae, ester-producing yeast, rhizopus nigricans and aspergillus oryzae, and the weight ratio of each component is (5-6): (2-4): (0.5-2): (0.5-2);
s2, distillation treatment: discharging yellow water in a round of fermentation device after the round of fermentation is finished, pouring out fermented grains, loading the fermented grains into a distillation device for distillation for 30-50 min, and pouring the yellow water into a bottom pot for series distillation; respectively picking out the wine head, the raw wine and the wine tail in the distillation process, stopping distillation when the alcoholic strength of the wine tail is lower than 8-10% vol, and collecting bottom boiler water;
S3, two rounds of fermentation: cooling the fermented grains to 18-35 ℃ after distillation, and selecting 50-70 parts of the fermented grains obtained in the step S2, 20-40 parts of activated sludge and 0.2-0.5 part of EM (effective microorganism) activating solution according to parts by weight; uniformly mixing, putting the mixed materials into a two-round fermentation device, and fermenting for 30-60 days to convert fermented grains into humus for preparing artificial aged pit mud;
Further, 10-20 parts of seed bacteria are added in the step S3, wherein the seed bacteria are zoogloea obtained after the completion of the two rounds of fermentation; during the first fermentation, no seed bacteria can be added, and the second fermentation is started.
2. The method for preparing humus by double fermentation of spent grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the complex enzyme solution and the complex bacterial solution are dissolved in water at 15-25 ℃ before being mixed with the spent grains.
3. The method for preparing humus by double fermentation of spent grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the activated sludge is lotus pond sludge or fish pond sludge.
4. The method for preparing the artificial aged pit mud by the double-round fermentation of the waste vinasse is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Selecting 2.5-4 parts of humus, 10-30 parts of aged pit mud, 0.5-1.5 parts of activated sludge, 40-60 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of beef extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of organic matter decomposing agent, 10-20 parts of composite caproic acid bacterial liquid, 2-5 parts of vegetable straw, 2-5 parts of fruit pulp and 20-30 parts of pit mud additive liquid in the claim 1;
The pit mud additive liquid is prepared from bottom pot water, wine heads, raw wine and wine tails in the following components in percentage by weight: 4-6 parts of bottom boiler water: 0.1 to 0.5 of wine head: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of base wine: 2-5 parts of wine tails;
Uniformly mixing the materials, stacking and fermenting for 10-20 days, and mixing the stacked fermentation materials and pit mud skin according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing and fermenting for 60-90 days again to obtain the required artificial aged pit mud.
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