CN111684890A - Method for improving severe saline-alkali soil and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for improving severe saline-alkali soil and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/16—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving severe saline-alkali soil and application thereof, and the method comprises the steps of introducing earthworms into a culture medium for breeding to obtain an earthworm active matrix, and applying the earthworm active matrix into the severe saline-alkali soil to be improved, wherein the content of water-soluble salt in the severe saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 5 g/kg; the application comprises the steps of increasing the decomposition and nutrient release of organic matters, increasing the content of soil aggregates, reducing the volume weight, increasing the porosity of capillary tubes, increasing the field water holding capacity and improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, and further can increase the survival rate of cerasus humilis in severe saline-alkali soil to 61.7-72.1%. The method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, requires less equipment investment, is easy to popularize practically, is a method for effectively recycling animal wastes and plant straws to improve the severe saline-alkali soil, can improve the survival rate of small and medium shrubs in the severe saline-alkali soil, has low cost, obvious economic benefit and ecological benefit, good popularization value and great theoretical and practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a saline-alkali soil improvement technology, and particularly relates to a method for improving severe saline-alkali soil and application thereof.
Background
About 10 hundred million hm around the world2The land has salinization of different degrees, and occupies about 25 percent of the land area of the earth; and nearly one third of the saline-alkali soil is severe saline-alkali soil with salt content over 0.5 percent. The improvement and utilization of severe saline-alkali soil are important problems to be solved urgently by soil utilization researchers at present.
The scientists in the United states and scientists in the countries of Pakistan, India, Egypt, Israel and the like do prominent work on the salt damage mechanism and the plant salt tolerance mechanism; the national agricultural research center of Pakistan uses 1% hydrochloric acid to improve the sodium salinized soil of calcareous under the condition of free leaching and reduce the conductivity, pH value and sodium chloride content of the soil.
The domestic saline-alkali soil treatment emphasizes water and soil measures, mainly arranges the water and the soil, and attaches importance to irrigation and washing. With the intensive research, it is gradually realized that the saline-alkali treatment is not practical, and the water salt should be regulated. Researches show that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved by applying more organic fertilizers, and salts can be buffered. At the end of the last 70 th century, researchers proposed to build a 'desalination fertile layer' in a saline soil area, namely, under the premise of not reducing the salt content of a soil body, by improving the soil fertility and regulating and controlling the soil salinity by fertilizers in time, space and shape, a good ecological environment of fertilizer, water and salt is built in a main root system active layer of crops, so that continuous high and stable yield of the crops is achieved. Chen Enfeng of the southwest agriculture university also proposes the idea that 'water control is the basis and fertility improvement is the root', and the organic matter content of soil is increased by agricultural measures such as fertility improvement, soil layer thickening and the like.
The treatment and restoration of coastal severe saline-alkali soil are always a difficult point for the treatment of saline-alkali soil, the salinization of seashore areas is aggravated generally due to the effects of seawater invasion and sea wind, and related researches are few.
So far, a feasible method for improving the severe saline-alkali soil is not seen.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation that the improvement of severe saline-alkali soil is difficult in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving severe saline-alkali soil and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving severe saline-alkali soil comprises introducing Lumbricus into culture medium to obtain Lumbricus active matrix, and applying into severe saline-alkali soil to be improved;
wherein the content of water-soluble salt in the severe saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 5 g/Kg.
Specifically, in saline soil, the activity of earthworms can increase the decomposition of organic matters and the release of nutrients, and simultaneously, the structure, permeability, biomass and activity of aggregates in the saline soil can be recovered and improved according to the ecological principle.
In the technical scheme, the method for improving the severe saline-alkali soil further comprises the steps of adding streptomyces globisporus or streptomyces syringin into the earthworm active matrix before applying the matrix into the severe saline-alkali soil to be improved, and uniformly mixing.
In detail, the damage of saline-alkali soil to plants is multifold. Firstly, saline-alkali soil can cause physiological drought of plants, namely, the osmotic pressure of the soil is improved due to the fact that the soluble salt content in the soil is high, and the plants cannot absorb water to finally cause the death of the plants; secondly, saline-alkali soil has toxic action on plants and can poison plant cells, protoplasm is damaged due to the accumulation of salt in the plants, and protein synthesis is hindered, so that the plants grow badly; particularly, the excessive salt prevents the formation of starch in stomatal guard cells, thereby influencing the closure of stomata, leading the water in the plant body to lose quickly and easily withering the plant; finally, saline-alkali soil also has direct killing effect on the root system of plants, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, which can cause the root system to die; in addition, saline-alkali soil also has a destructive effect on the structure of the soil.
In detail, the streptomyces globisporus and the streptomyces syringin are two actinomycetes which are separated from wormcast and identified by microorganisms in Chinese academy of sciences, belong to the category of dominant species in a microflora, and have good inhibition effect on some pathogenic microorganisms such as rhizoctonia solani kuhn and fusarium oxysporum benincasae; after the earthworm active matrix and the heavy saline-alkali soil are added, the earthworm active matrix is propagated in a large quantity to kill some pathogenic microorganisms, and the earthworm active matrix and the heavy saline-alkali soil are metabolized by the earthworm active matrix to generate a large quantity of amino acids, the amino acids can be directly absorbed by a plant root system, and the nitrogen in the amino acid state is utilized to synthesize protein to form cells; in addition, carbohydrate generated by photosynthesis needs to be consumed and protein is synthesized after nitrate nitrogen is not absorbed, so that carbohydrate is saved and stored, cell walls are thickened, plant resistance is improved, and the conditions of protein synthesis obstruction and water loss in plants are integrally improved; in addition, a large amount of microorganisms are gathered on the surface of the root system to form a layer of protective film, so that the direct damage of saline-alkali component substances is avoided.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the effective bacteria content is 10 for each kilogram of earthworm active matrix6 -7The addition amount of the cfu/ml streptomyces globisporus is 500-550ml, and the effective bacterium content is 106-7The addition amount of cfu/ml streptomyces syringin is 500-550 ml.
In a specific embodiment, the liquid fermentation broths of Streptomyces globisporus and Streptomyces syringin are each about 106- 7The cfu/ml has the best effect of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms and the maximum reproduction amount.
Further, in the technical scheme, the content of the earthworms in the earthworm active matrix is 90-115 pieces/kg.
Further, in the technical scheme, the length of the earthworms in the earthworm active matrix is 5-8 cm.
Specifically, in the technical scheme, the water content and the temperature of the culture medium are controlled to be 37-70% and 8-30 ℃ respectively in the culture process.
Still further, in the above technical scheme, the content of cow dung in the culture medium is more than 80 wt%;
preferably, in the above technical scheme, the culture medium is cow dung or 80 wt% cow dung +20 wt% plant straw.
Still further, in the above technical means, the variety of the earthworm is japanese hei No. 2 Eiseniafetida earthworm.
Specifically, the selected earthworm variety is Eisenia foetida, the trade name is Daping No. 2, and the earthworm is formed by hybridization of American red earthworms and Japanese flower earthworms; the fresh weight of each earthworm is about 0.5g, the body length is 2.5-8.5cm, tests show that Eisenia foetida is most like to eat the cow dung, the pure cow dung is adopted for cultivation or the formula of 80 wt% of cow dung and 20 wt% of plant straw is adopted for cultivation, the environmental temperature is most suitable for 8-30 ℃, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃; the water content is 37-70%, and the earthworm active matrix is prepared by taking out the earthworm active matrix when the average body length is 5-8cm, which is most economical and effective. Taking out from the earthworm bed with a steel fork, spreading in the sun, scraping surface layer wormcast with a wooden scraper after 10-20 minutes, and taking out the largest amount of 90-115 pieces/kg of earthworms in the mixture of the earthworms and a small amount of wormcast after 2-3 times of continuous operation, wherein the largest amount of earthworms is the main component forming the earthworm active matrix.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the application amount of the earthworm active matrix is 1250-.
Still further, in the above technical solution, and/or the depth of application of the earthworm active matrix is 10-20 cm.
The invention also provides the application of the method in improving the severe saline-alkali soil and improving the survival rate of small and medium shrubs in the severe saline-alkali soil.
In the technical scheme, the application comprises the steps of increasing the decomposition and nutrient release of organic matters, improving the content of soil aggregates, reducing the volume weight, improving the porosity of capillary tubes, improving the field water holding capacity and improving the physical and chemical properties of soil.
In one embodiment of the invention, the application comprises increasing the survival rate of small shrubs such as prunus humilis bunge in severe saline-alkali soil, in particular, the survival rate of prunus humilis bunge in severe saline-alkali soil can be increased to 61.7%.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method for improving the severe saline-alkali soil, provided by the invention, the decomposition of organic matters and the release of nutrients are increased through the movement of earthworms, and simultaneously, the aggregate structure, the permeability, the biological quantity and the activity of saline-alkali soil are recovered and improved according to the ecological principle, the earthworm active matrix cultured by cow dung is added into the severe saline-alkali soil, so that the aggregate content of the soil can be obviously improved, the volume weight is reduced, the porosity of capillary tubes is improved, the field water holding capacity is improved, the salt content of the soil is reduced, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, so that the survival rate of prunus humilis is improved;
(2) the method for improving the severe saline-alkali soil provided by the invention has the advantages that streptomyces globisporus and streptomyces syringin are added, and after the streptomyces globisporus and streptomyces syringin and the earthworm active matrix are added into the severe saline-alkali soil, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms are killed, and the metabolism per se is performed to generate a large amount of amino acids which can be directly absorbed by the root system of a plant, the nitrogen in the amino acid state is utilized to synthesize protein to form cells, and the carbohydrate generated by photosynthesis needs to be consumed and the protein is synthesized again after nitrate nitrogen is not absorbed, so that the carbohydrate is saved, the carbohydrate is stored, the cell wall is thickened, the plant resistance is improved, the conditions of blocked protein synthesis and water loss in the plant are integrally improved, in addition, a large amount of microorganisms are gathered on the surface of the root system to form a layer;
(3) the method for improving the severe saline-alkali soil provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, requires less equipment investment, is easy to popularize practically, is a method for effectively recycling animal wastes and plant straws to improve the severe saline-alkali soil, can improve the survival rate of small and medium shrubs in the severe saline-alkali soil, is low in cost, has obvious economic and ecological benefits, and has good popularization value and great theoretical and practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation results of soil aggregates in severe saline-alkali soil under the condition of different addition amounts of earthworm active substrates in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the result of the change in volume weight of the soil in the severe saline-alkali soil under the condition of different amounts of earthworm active matrix added in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of the change in the porosity of capillaries in a severe saline-alkali soil under the condition of different amounts of earthworm active matrix added in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of the change of the field water holding capacity of the severe saline-alkali soil under the condition of different earthworm active matrix addition amounts in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the survival rate of Prunus humilis Bunge in severe saline-alkali soil of different test groups in the example of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a photograph of the prunus humilis planting site in the severe saline-alkali soil of test group 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical means used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
All starting materials are commercially available if not otherwise specified.
1. And (3) source and treatment of cow dung:
the cow dung is derived from fresh cow dung of nearby dairy farms.
2. The source and treatment of the plant straws:
the plant stalks are derived from corn stalks or rice straw stalks ground in nearby farmlands.
3. And (3) earthworm source and treatment:
the earthworm is from an earthworm farm which takes cow dung or 80 wt% of cow dung and 20 wt% of plant straw as raw materials, and the earthworm is Japanese No. 2 Eisenia fetida.
4. Preparation of the microbial inoculum:
4.1 raw materials:
the separated and purified streptomyces globisporus and streptomyces syringin from a laboratory are stored in a tube, each single colony is selected in a small amount of sterile water by adopting an agar block assay method to prepare bacterial suspensions, the bacterial suspensions are respectively coated on a soybean cake powder immersion juice culture medium, the culture is carried out for 2 to 7 days at the temperature of 28 ℃, and a hole puncher is used for punching for standby.
4.2 cultivation Process
Adopting a liquid diffusion method: inoculating the above bacteria blocks into sterilized liquid culture medium (soybean cake powder extract stock solution), shake culturing at 28 deg.C for 3-7 days, and filtering to obtain 106-7cfu/ml of liquid fermentation liquor of streptomyces globisporus and streptomyces syringin for later use.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving severe saline-alkali soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the test is carried out in the severe saline-alkali soil test area (9 degrees and 07 ' 43 ' -39 degrees and 27 ' 23 degrees in north, and 118 degrees and 12 ' -118 degrees and 43 ' 16 degrees in east China) of coastal agriculture research institute of academy of sciences in Hebei province, belongs to a temperate zone semi-humid area in the east season wind area, and has remarkable continental season wind characteristics.
0.014% of soil total nitrogen, 0.035% of total phosphorus and 11.85% of soil water-soluble salt.
Earthworm active matrix, self-breeding.
A land with flat terrain, convenient water source and convenient traffic is selected in a leeward place, and a pure cow dung (or 80 percent of cow dung and 20 percent of straws) earthworm bed with the grain size of 1m x 40 m x 0.3m is established. Keeping 50-60% of water content of the earthworm bed at 15-25 ℃; the species of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was scattered. And harvesting after one and a half months.
Selecting a sunny afternoon, removing the covering on the surface layer of the earthworm bed, continuously forking the covering by using a steel fork to form a row, continuously scraping the earthworm feces on the earthworm bed by using a scraper after half an hour by utilizing the light-shielding effect of the earthworm for three times continuously, wherein the rest part is the earthworm active matrix, the soil organic matter in the active matrix is 12.49g/kg, the total nitrogen is 0.103 percent, the total phosphorus is 0.065 percent, the pH value is 6.8, and the number of the live earthworms with the length of 5-8cm in the active matrix is about 100 pieces/kg.
The test was performed in 6 groups, each of which was repeated 5 times, and the test area 4 × 5 was 20m for each test group224 cerasus humilis plants are planted in the test area, the plant spacing is 50-60cm, the row spacing is 1.2m, 3 rows are provided, 8 cerasus humilis plants in each row are dug into holes with the depth of 10-20cm, and hole application is carried out.
Test group 1 blank test, no active earthworm matrix was applied;
the test group 2 is applied with 667 kg/mu of active earthworm matrix;
the test group 3 was applied with 1334 kg/mu of active earthworm matrix;
the test group 4 was applied with 2001 kg/mu of active earthworm matrix;
test group 5 was applied with 1334 kg/acre of active earthworm matrix, and 5 x 10 of active earthworm matrix was mixed6-7The addition amount of the liquid fermentation liquid of cfu/ml streptomyces globisporus is 500ml/kg based on the weight of the earthworm active matrix;
test group 6 was applied with 1334 kg/acre of active earthworm matrix, and 5 x 10 of active earthworm matrix was mixed6-7cfu/ml streptomyces syringin liquid fermentation liquid, the adding amount of the liquid fermentation liquid is 500ml/kg based on the weight of the earthworm active matrix.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation results of soil aggregates in severe saline-alkali soil under the condition of different addition amounts of earthworm active substrates in the embodiment of the invention; the result shows that the content of soil aggregates can be remarkably improved by adding the earthworm active matrix into the severe saline-alkali soil; as shown in FIG. 1, the content of soil aggregates with a size of 3mm or less was higher than that of the test group 1 to which no active earthworm matrix was applied, in each case with different amounts of earthworm active matrix added (test groups 2 to 4).
The changes of the soil volume weights of the severe saline-alkali soil of the test groups 1 to 4 are respectively detected, and the results are shown in the following table 1 and the figure 2; analysis of the results revealed that the bulk density of the soil was significantly reduced by adding the earthworm-active matrix, and the bulk density reduction effect of test group 3 was the best.
TABLE 1 soil with different addition amounts of earthworm active matrixVolume weight (g/cm)3) Measurement result of (2)
The changes of the capillary porosity of the severe saline-alkali soil of the test groups 1 to 4 are respectively detected, and the results are shown in the following table 2 and fig. 3; analysis of the results revealed that the capillary porosity of the soil was significantly improved by adding an appropriate amount (test group 3) of the earthworm active matrix.
TABLE 2 determination of capillary porosity (%) at different earthworm active matrix additions
The field water capacity (g/cm) of the severe saline-alkali soil of the test groups 1 to 4 is respectively detected3) The results are shown in table 3 below and fig. 4; analysis of the results revealed that the field water holding capacity of the soil was significantly improved by adding an appropriate amount (test group 3) of the earthworm active matrix.
TABLE 3 field Water holding capacity (g/cm) at different earthworm active matrix addition levels3) Measurement result of (2)
In addition, the survival rates of cerasus humilis in the severe saline-alkali soil of the test groups 1 to 6 were measured, and the results are shown in table 4 below and fig. 5; analysis of the results shows that the survival rate of cerasus humilis can be improved to 61.7-72.1% by adding the earthworm active matrix, and is improved by 56.8-100.3% compared with the test group 1 (without applying the earthworm active matrix); fig. 6 shows photographs of the prunus humilis planting site of the test group 5.
TABLE 4 results of determination of Prunus humilis Bunge survival rate (%) in severe saline-alkali soil of different test groups
The comprehensive results show that 1.6g of earthworm active matrix is applied in plant holes in severe saline-alkali soil with the water-soluble salt content of 11.85g/kg, the physical and chemical properties of the severe saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, and the survival rate of planting of small shrubs can be greatly improved by adding streptomyces (streptomyces globisporus and streptomyces syringin) with antagonistic activity extracted from earthworm excrement.
Finally, the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving severe saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the steps of introducing earthworms into a culture medium to breed to obtain an earthworm active matrix containing live earthworms, and applying the earthworm active matrix into severe saline-alkali soil to be improved;
wherein the content of water-soluble salt in the severe saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 5 g/kg.
2. The method for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, further comprising adding streptomyces globisporus or streptomyces syringin into the earthworm active matrix before applying to the severe saline-alkali soil to be improved, and mixing;
preferably, the effective bacteria content is 10 per kg of earthworm active matrix6-7The addition amount of the cfu/ml streptomyces globisporus is 500-550ml, and the effective bacterium content is 106-7The addition amount of cfu/ml streptomyces syringin is 500-550 ml.
3. The method for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2,
the content of live earthworms in the earthworm active matrix is 90-115 earthworms/kg;
and/or the length of the live earthworms in the earthworm active matrix is 5-8 cm.
4. The method for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the water content and temperature of the culture medium are controlled to be 37-70% and 8-30 ℃ respectively during the cultivation.
5. The method for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of cow dung in the culture medium is more than 80 wt%;
preferably, the culture medium is cow dung or 80 wt% of cow dung and 20 wt% of plant straws.
6. The method for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the earthworm is Eisenia fetida No. 2 of Japan.
7. The method for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
the application amount of the earthworm active matrix is 1250-1400 kg/mu;
and/or the application depth of the earthworm active matrix is 10-20 cm.
8. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for reclamation of heavy saline-alkali soil and for increasing survival rate of small shrubs in heavy saline-alkali soil.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the use comprises increasing organic matter breakdown and nutrient release, reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases, increasing soil aggregate content, reducing volume weight, increasing capillary porosity, increasing field water holding capacity, and improving soil physicochemical properties.
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