CN111680338B - Modeling method of gradient porous structure based on STL file - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on an STL (Standard template library) file, which solves the problems of complicated modeling process, difficult control of pore size and shape and the like of the conventional three-dimensional model design method of the gradient porous structure and solves the problem that the conventional modeling method is difficult to quickly and efficiently establish the three-dimensional model of the gradient porous structure. The method reads the STL file through a calculation program, then reads the normal vector and the vertex coordinate of the triangular patch of the CAD model of the uniform unit period porous structure into a corresponding array and stores the normal vector and the vertex coordinate into the corresponding array, and modifies the position parameters of the triangular patch stored in the array through a programming program according to the structural characteristics of the uniform unit period porous structure design. The modeling method is simple and efficient, is easy to understand and master, and can design gradient porous structures with different unit structure types by modifying program parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional modeling, in particular to a modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on an STL file.
Background
As a novel light structure, the porous structure can realize the multifunctional characteristics of energy absorption, energy storage, thermal control, invisibility, damping and the like due to the open and communicated space inside the porous structure, and has wide application in the fields of aerospace, biomedicine and the like. The gradient porous structure is a special porous structure, and the structure has better designability and diversity, so that the gradient porous structure has unique advantages in the aspects of impact resistance, energy absorption and the like.
With the rapid development of the additive manufacturing technology, particularly the development of the selective laser melting process, the preparation of various tiny complex structures becomes possible, the processing and preparation of various complex porous structures can be effectively realized, and how to rapidly and reliably design a three-dimensional model of a required gradient porous structure is a key technology in the process of preparing the gradient porous structure through additive manufacturing. The existing three-dimensional model design method of the gradient porous structure generally has the problems of complex modeling process, difficult control of aperture size and shape and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on an STL file, aiming at overcoming the problem that the existing modeling method is difficult to quickly and efficiently establish a three-dimensional model of the gradient porous structure, and fully utilizing the characteristics of the STL file format to design the three-dimensional model of the gradient porous structure with required pore characteristics.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for modeling a gradient porous structure based on an STL file, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: establishing a CAD model with a uniform porous structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the CAD model into an STL file format;
step 2: reading the STL file through a calculation program, and then reading in and storing normal vectors and vertex coordinates of triangular patches of the CAD model with the uniform porous structure into corresponding arrays;
and 3, step 3: modifying the position parameters of the triangular patch stored in the array by writing a program according to the structural characteristics of the uniform porous structure design;
and 4, step 4: and (4) reading the modified data in the step (3) to an original STL file, storing the data, and opening the modified STL file through three-dimensional modeling software to obtain a model of the gradient porous structure.
Further, in step 1, the uniform porous structure includes a diamond lattice structure, a spiral twenty-tetrahedron unit lattice structure, a hexahedron unit lattice structure, an octahedron unit lattice structure, and a cross unit lattice structure.
Further, in the step 1, the overall appearance of the uniform unit period porous structure is a simple shape structure including a circular truncated cone shape, a cylindrical shape and a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
Further, in step 1, the specific type of the STL file is in ASCII plain file format.
Further, in step 2, the calculation program implements a function of reading in a text file through file path and file name information, reading triangle patch data, modifying the read data, and re-reading the data into the text file.
Further, in the step 3, changing the type of the uniform unit period porous structure mainly includes modifying normal vector coordinates of a triangular patch of the model and x, y, and z coordinate parameters of 3 vertexes of the triangular patch, so that the distance between the original porous structure supports is specifically reduced, that is, the pore size is reduced, but the number and the distribution mode of the pores are kept unchanged.
Further, in the step 3, the written program design
The CAD geometric model data import sub-function RSTL (), which is used to read in a uniform porous structure from an STL file.
An output subfunction WSTL () for writing an STL file of a porous structure deformed according to structural features into a specified file,
used for deforming the vertex in the read triangular patch and then obtaining a vertex coordinate subfunction BDevolution (),
further, in the step 3,
reading the CAD geometric model data STL format file of the porous structure by using an import subfunction RSTL (),
the method comprises the steps of utilizing a subfunction BDevolution () to carry out deformation processing on a porous mechanism, changing vertex coordinates of triangular patches at corresponding positions in a global coordinate according to design requirements of a gradient structure, enabling the triangular patches of a support structure to approach to the middle point of a plane at the same horizontal height, enabling the moving distance to increase along with the increase of the middle point position of the distance between the triangular patches, enabling the distance between supports to be reduced by the same distance, keeping the distribution mode and the position relation of the triangular patches unchanged, and enabling the reduction value of the support distance from top to bottom to be uniformly reduced along with the reduction of the height, and enabling the aperture size to be sequentially increased along the height direction and to be in gradient change.
And finally, writing the deformed triangular patch data into a specified file by using an output subfunction WSTL () according to the data format of the STL file to obtain a deformed porous structure STL file, thereby establishing a gradient porous structure model.
Further, the uniform porous structure is changed in the step 3, so that the pore sizes at the equal heights are the same in change value, and the moving distance of the support along the height direction is gradually reduced, namely the pore size is gradually increased to realize continuous gradient change.
Further, in the step 4, the three-dimensional modeling software should be able to open the CAD model of the STL file, and if the design requirement is a CAD model of a file in another format, the designed STL file may be read first, and the STL file may be saved as a CAD model of a file in another format by the three-dimensional modeling software.
Further, the overall appearance of the designed gradient porous structure is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and if the gradient porous structure is of another type, the gradient porous structure with the required appearance can be realized by designing the appearance shape of the original porous structure, and the required size and structure can be cut out from the designed columnar gradient porous structure. The structural characteristic parameters of the designed gradient porous structure, such as porosity, pore size, gradient change size and the like, can be changed according to the design requirements.
In general, the above solution contemplated by the present invention mainly has the following advantages and beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
the method applies additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting and the like to the molding of the porous structure and the gradient porous structure, prepares the required parts by the driving of the three-dimensional model of the parts, can firstly design the uniform porous structure by using three-dimensional modeling software according to the actual application requirements, and then designs the required gradient porous structure by the method, thereby realizing the control of the macroscopic pore structure of the gradient porous structure.
The modeling method of the invention redesigns the original porous structure through the calculation program, can change the structure characteristics by modifying the program parameters, can realize the adjustment range and controllability of the porous structure pore characteristics, and can realize the CAD three-dimensional model of the gradient porous structure with various structural characteristics.
The modeling method is simple and efficient, is easy to understand and master, and can design gradient porous structures with different unit structure types by modifying program parameters.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive changes, are within the scope of the present invention.
The modeling method of the gradient porous structure based on the STL file provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
designing a CAD model of a uniform porous structure according to application requirements (designing a model of a required bracket size and an integral size according to use requirements and structural characteristics, optimally designing a structure according to requirements, such as adding smooth transition at a bracket joint, optimally designing a position with stress concentration and the like), and storing the model data into an ASCII file format of an STL file.
Reading in STL files of the designed CAD model with a uniform porous structure through a calculation program, reading the direction vector of each triangular patch and the coordinate data of three vertexes of the CAD model, and modifying the direction vector and the vertex coordinate data of the triangular patch according to the required structural characteristics, thereby realizing the modification of the original porous structure model.
Specifically, after the porous scaffolds at the same height are shifted, the pore size change values are the same, and the pore distribution mode is consistent with the distribution mode of the original model, i.e., the structure is kept to be a uniform porous structure at the same height in the horizontal direction, i.e., the pore structure is uniformly distributed. The pore size is continuously changed by shifting the position of the porous support from top to bottom along the height direction, so that the design of the CAD model of the gradient porous structure with the porosity continuously changed from top to bottom is realized.
Specifically, the offset distance of the support continuously changes along the height direction, so that the porosity of the original porous structure linearly changes from top to bottom, and the specific offset distance of the support and the variation range of the porosity can be adjusted according to actual design requirements through program control.
And after the position data in the original model STL file is modified in the program according to the requirement characteristics, reading each position data to the position in the original file, thereby realizing the modification of the original file data and realizing the redesign of the original CAD model.
And storing the STL file after the modification is finished, and opening the file through three-dimensional modeling software to obtain the designed CAD model with the gradient porous structure. The procedure mainly aims at modifying the position of the porous structure support, so that the size of the pore diameter is adjusted, the overall appearance of the structure is not specifically designed, and therefore if specific requirements are met on the overall appearance and the size of the structure, the gradient porous structure with simple appearance such as cylindrical or rectangular shape can be firstly designed according to the design requirements, and then the required appearance structure can be obtained by intercepting the required appearance structure, and the gradient porous structure with the required appearance shape can be realized by designing the appearance characteristics of the original porous structure.
Based on the editable characteristic of the STL file of the CAD model, the invention realizes the control of the pore characteristics by redesigning the initially designed CAD model of the porous structure, and particularly realizes the control of the pore characteristics of the porous structure by modifying the position parameters of the triangular patch in the STL file through program control.
Example 1
Establishing a CAD model of a diamond unit uniform period porous structure, designing the whole appearance structure of the model into a circular truncated cone shape, wherein the radius of the upper surface circle is 5, the radius of the lower surface circle is 6.7, the height of the circular truncated cone is 10, the size of the CAD model of a single diamond unit is 2 multiplied by 2, the porosity of the single unit is 50 percent, and the whole porosity of the CAD model of the porous structure is 50 percent due to the unit period porous structure, and the CAD model is stored into an STL file ACSII file format after the modeling is finished.
Reading the STL file through a calculation program, sequentially reading the direction vector and the vertex coordinate data of the triangular patch of the porous structure CAD model, and processing the read data. The spacing between the diamond unit supports is reduced by modifying position parameters, so that the aperture size of the structure is reduced, the aperture sizes with equal height are kept consistent, the aperture distribution mode is kept consistent and uniformly distributed before moving, and the aperture of the model is continuously reduced from top to bottom along the height direction of the circular truncated cone.
After the position data of the triangular patch in the STL file of the diamond unit period porous model is modified in a program, reading the position data into an original file, thereby realizing the modification of the original file data and further realizing the redesign of the original CAD model.
And storing the STL file after the modification is finished, and opening the file through three-dimensional modeling software to obtain the designed CAD model with the gradient porous structure. Specifically, the overall appearance structure of the gradient porous structure is columnar, the radius of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface is 5, the height is 10, and the porosity is continuously changed from 50% to 10% from top to bottom, so that the design of the diamond unit gradient porous structure with the continuous gradient change of the porosity is realized.
Example 2
And establishing a CAD model of a diamond unit uniform periodic porous structure, wherein the overall appearance structure of the model is cylindrical, the radius of the circle on the upper surface of the model is 5, the height of the cylinder is 10, the size of the CAD model of a single diamond unit is 2 multiplied by 2, the porosity of the single unit is 50%, and the overall porosity of the porous structure is 50% due to the unit periodic porous structure. And after modeling is finished, the model is saved in the format of an STL file ACSII file.
Reading the STL file through a calculation program, sequentially reading the direction vector and the vertex coordinate data of the triangular patch of the porous structure CAD model, and processing the read data. The spacing between the diamond unit supports is reduced by modifying position parameters, so that the aperture size of the structure is reduced, the aperture sizes with equal height are kept consistent, the aperture distribution mode is kept consistent and uniformly distributed before moving, and the aperture of the model is continuously reduced from top to bottom along the height direction of the circular truncated cone.
After the position data of the triangular patch in the STL file of the diamond unit periodic porous model is modified in a program, the position data is read out to an original file, so that the data of the original file is modified, and the redesign of the original CAD model is realized.
And storing the STL file after the modification is finished, and opening the file through three-dimensional modeling software to obtain the CAD model of the diamond unit porous structure with the gradient pore size. Specifically, the overall appearance of the structure is in a circular truncated cone shape, the radius of the upper surface circle is 5, the radius of the lower surface circle is 3.7, and the height of the circular truncated cone is 10. The CAD model of the columnar gradient porous structure with the porosity continuously changing from top to bottom from 50% to 10% can be obtained by cutting the columnar porous structure with the bottom surface circle radius of 3.7 and the height of 10 along the axial direction.
Example 3
For porous structures of other cell types, such as the helicon icosahedron unit, the tetrahedral unit, the hexahedral unit, the octahedral unit, etc., a CAD model of the helicon icosahedron unit is given, the operation process is similar to that of examples 1 and 2, and only the porous structure type is different, and a gradient porous structure of the cell type with varying porosity can be obtained.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on an STL file is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a CAD model with a uniform porous structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the CAD model in an STL file format;
step 2: reading the STL file through a calculation program, and then reading in and storing normal vectors and vertex coordinates of triangular patches of the CAD model with the uniform porous structure into corresponding arrays;
and step 3: modifying the position parameters of the triangular patch stored in the array by writing a program according to the structural characteristics of the uniform unit period porous structure design;
and 4, step 4: and (4) reading the modified data in the step (3) to an original STL file, storing the data, and opening the modified STL file through three-dimensional modeling software to obtain a CAD model of the gradient porous structure.
2. The modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on STL file according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the uniform porous structure comprises diamond lattice structure, spiral twenty-tetrahedron unit lattice structure, tetrahedral unit lattice structure, hexahedral unit lattice structure, octahedral unit lattice structure and cross unit lattice structure.
3. The modeling method for a gradient porous structure based on an STL file, according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the overall appearance of the uniform porous structure is a simple shape structure comprising a circular truncated cone shape, a cylindrical shape and a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
4. The modeling method for a gradient porous structure based on STL file according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the STL file specific type is ASCII plain file format.
5. The modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on STL file according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the calculation program implements functions including reading in a text file, reading data and modifying the read data, and re-reading data into the text file.
6. The modeling method for the gradient porous structure based on the STL file, according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, changing the type of the uniform porous structure comprises modifying the normal vector and vertex coordinate parameters of the triangular patch of the uniform unit period porous structure to reduce the interval between the uniform porous structure supports, and the number and distribution mode of the pores of the uniform unit period porous structure are not changed.
7. The modeling method of a gradient porous structure based on STL file according to claim 1, wherein the modified CAD model in step 3 is that the pore size changes the same value at the same horizontal height, the moving distance of the bracket along the height direction gradually decreases, and the pore size gradually increases to realize continuous gradient change.
8. The modeling method for gradient porous structure based on STL file according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, said three-dimensional modeling software is used for opening the STL file and saving the STL file as other format file.
9. The modeling method for a gradient porous structure based on an STL file, according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein in said step 4, the overall appearance of said gradient porous structure comprises a columnar shape.
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