CN111678771B - Rail structure model test system and method under environment load coupling effect - Google Patents
Rail structure model test system and method under environment load coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN111678771B CN111678771B CN202010705120.7A CN202010705120A CN111678771B CN 111678771 B CN111678771 B CN 111678771B CN 202010705120 A CN202010705120 A CN 202010705120A CN 111678771 B CN111678771 B CN 111678771B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for testing a track structure model under the coupling action of environmental load. The environment simulation box is used for placing the track structure for simulation test. The loading assembly is arranged on the test section and comprises a plurality of actuators. The actuator is connected to the track structure. The method has the advantages that the track structures in different damage states are placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the track structures, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading actions, the loading assembly transfers the moving load of the simulated train to the track structures, the influence of the mutual coupling of different environment factors and the moving load of the train on the performance evolution rules of the track structures in different damage states can be considered, the simulation test is more real, and the test research can be carried out on the structural performance evaluation, the disease mechanism and the like of various track structures in different damage states under the action of multi-field coupling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a track structure model test system, in particular to a track structure model test system and method under the coupling action of environmental load.
Background
In recent years, high-speed railways and urban rail transit in China have greatly advanced in technical development and scale development, and China has become the country with the highest running mileage, highest construction speed, highest traffic volume, highest running speed and highest modeling rule of the world high-speed railways and urban rail transit. However, the construction scale of the rail transit in China is large, the construction period is short, the design and construction experience is insufficient, in addition, the difference between the geological and climatic conditions is large, and a new line is built around the existing line, so that the existing rail structure is influenced by various complex environmental condition changes, the load of a reciprocating train and other factors during operation, and almost all rail structures of the rail transit in China have different degrees and different types of diseases, such as wave wear and wheel flat scars of trains, main diseases of the rail structure include interlayer gap arching, concrete rail plates and base plate cracking, rail plate arching and the like, uneven settlement of roadbeds, bridge convex baffle breakage and tunnel ponding, which seriously influence the normal service performance of the rail structure and even endanger driving safety.
The indoor model test is an important means for researching the structural performance evaluation and the disease mechanism of the ballastless track under the action of multi-field coupling, and the current indoor test research is mainly focused on the related tests such as the temperature field, the train load, the fatigue property and the like of the track structure, and lacks the consideration of different service environment conditions and the load coupling of the moving train and also lacks the consideration of the track structure under different damage states.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the existing indoor test technology, and provide a system and a method for testing a track structure model under the coupling action of environmental load, which can realize test research on disease mechanism, structural performance evaluation and the like under the multi-field coupling action of track structures in different damage states.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a track structure model test system under environment load coupling effect, track structure model test system under environment load coupling effect includes: the device comprises a test section and an environment simulation box, wherein the environment simulation box is arranged on the test section, is used for placing a track structure for performing a simulation test, and provides preset environment conditions for the track structure; the loading assembly is arranged on the test section and comprises a plurality of actuators, and the actuators are used for being connected with the track structure to transfer the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure.
According to the system for testing the track structure model under the environment load coupling effect, when the track structure is tested, the track structure is placed in the environment simulation box, preset environment conditions are provided for the track structure by the environment simulation box, different natural environment factors (including but not limited to a temperature field, humidity, rainwater erosion, illumination and salt spray corrosion) are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading action, the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure, namely, the influence of mutual coupling of different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on the evaluation of the disease mechanism and the structural performance of the track structure can be considered simultaneously, the simulation test is more real, and the test research on the disease mechanism, the structural performance evaluation and the like of the track structure under the multi-factor coupling effect under different damage states can be realized.
In one embodiment, the environmental simulation box is further used for placing a lower foundation of the track structure, wherein the lower foundation is a roadbed, a bridge or a tunnel model.
In one embodiment, the interior of the environment simulation box is sequentially provided with more than two door plates at intervals, and the interior space of the environment simulation box is divided into a plurality of test environment spaces by the more than two door plates.
In one embodiment, the environmental simulation chamber is movably disposed on the test section, and the door panel is openably disposed in the environmental simulation chamber.
In one embodiment, the track structure model test system under the coupling effect of the environmental load further comprises a support plate detachably arranged between the environmental simulation box and the test section, a first sliding rail is arranged on the support plate, and a first sliding piece moving along the first sliding rail is arranged on the environmental simulation box; the door panel is an automatic door.
In one embodiment, the loading assembly further comprises more than two reaction frames arranged on the test section at intervals, and a longitudinal beam connecting more than two reaction frames, wherein the actuators comprise more than two vertical actuators, and the more than two vertical actuators are arranged on the longitudinal beam at intervals; the top plate of the environment simulation box is provided with a strip-shaped opening, and the vertical actuator penetrates through the strip-shaped opening and stretches into the environment simulation box to be connected with the track structure, so that the moving load of the simulation train is transferred to the track structure.
In one embodiment, the environment simulation box is provided with at least one of a temperature and humidity regulator, a rainfall simulator, an illumination simulator and a salt spray simulator; the track structure model test system under the environment load coupling effect further comprises a sensing acquisition device for acquiring test information of the track structure; the sensing acquisition device comprises a plurality of high-definition cameras, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a fiber bragg grating sensor, a hygrothermograph, a soil pressure box and a data acquisition instrument.
The method for testing the track structure model under the environment load coupling effect adopts the track structure model test system under the environment load coupling effect, and comprises the following steps:
when the track structure is tested, the track structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the track structure, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading actions, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure.
According to the method for testing the track structure model under the environment load coupling effect, when the track structure is tested, the track structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the track structure, different natural environment factors (including but not limited to temperature, humidity, rainwater, illumination and salt spray corrosion) are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading actions, the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure, namely, the influence of the mutual coupling of different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on the performance evolution rule of the track structure can be considered, the simulation test is more real, and the test research on the disease mechanism, the structural performance evaluation and the like of the track structure in different damage states under the multi-factor coupling effect can be realized.
In one embodiment, the method for testing the track structure model under the coupling action of environmental load further comprises the following steps:
and synchronously placing a lower foundation below the track structure into the environment simulation box, wherein the lower foundation is positioned below the track structure.
In one embodiment, when the differential settlement of the roadbed needs to be simulated, the lower foundation is the roadbed, and a deformation plate is placed at the position of the differential settlement of the roadbed bottom to simulate the differential settlement of the roadbed;
when the interlayer gap between the ballastless track CA mortar layer or the self-compacting concrete layer and the track plate and the bed plate is required to be simulated, arranging interlayer gaps between the ballastless track CA mortar layer or the self-compacting concrete layer of the track structure and the track plate and the bed plate in advance, wherein the size of the interlayer gaps is within the range of 0.5cm-5 cm;
when the rail plate arch is required to be simulated, the rail plate arch is simulated by placing a gasket at the bottom of the rail structure arch position;
when the cracking phenomenon of the track plate and the base plate is required to be simulated, the cracking of the track plate and the base plate is simulated by arranging cracks with different depths and lengths on the track plate and the base plate of the track structure, and then the track structure with the cracks is placed into the environment box.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a track-bed structure test system under multiple field coupling according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing differential settlement of a roadbed of a track-roadbed structure under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a system for testing a track-bed structure under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 at A-A;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a track-bridge structure test system under multiple field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a system for testing a track-bridge structure under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a track structure with interlayer gaps in a track structure test system under the action of multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10. A test section; 20. an environmental simulation box; 21. a top plate; 211. a strip-shaped opening; 22. a side plate; 221. an observation window; 23. an end panel; 31. a vertical actuator; 32. a reaction frame; 321. a vertical beam; 322. a cross beam; 33. a longitudinal beam; 40. a track structure; 41. a steel rail; 42. a gasket; 43. a track plate; 45. a deforming plate; 50. roadbed; 60. a single box girder; 70. and (5) separating gaps between layers.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Conventionally, for an indoor test of track structure performance in track traffic, only a load loading test of a train or a durability test of environmental factors is generally considered, a test system for evaluating and researching track structure performance under the action of load of a mobile train and environmental multifactor coupling (such as factors of temperature, humidity, rainwater, chloride ion erosion, geological non-uniform settlement and the like) is lacked, and a test system for researching track structure disease mechanism under different damage states is also lacked. Based on the above, the application provides a track structure test system and method under the action of multi-field coupling, which overcomes the defect of functional singleness of the existing track structure performance indoor laboratory, accurately simulates the multi-factor coupling effect of the moving load and the environment of a train through an indoor test, reproduces different damage states of a track structure, performs test research on the structural performance evolution rule, damage mechanism and the like under the action of multi-factor coupling of the track structure under different damage states, reveals the track structure disease mechanism and provides effective solving measures, thereby comprehensively improving the service life of track engineering in China and guaranteeing the safe operation of a high-speed railway.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 illustrates a structural diagram of a model test system for a track structure 40 under the coupling action of environmental load according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a model test system for a track structure 40 under environmental load coupling in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a model test system for a track structure 40 under coupling of environmental loads, with the environmental simulation box 20 removed, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The track structure 40 model test system under the environment load coupling effect provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: test section 10, environmental simulation box 20 and loading assembly. An environmental simulation chamber 20 is provided in the test section 10. The environmental simulation box 20 is used for placing the track structure 40 for performing the simulation test and providing the track structure 40 with preset environmental conditions. The loading assembly is disposed in the test section 10, and the loading assembly includes a plurality of actuators. The actuators are used in connection with the track structure 40 to transfer the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure 40.
The above-mentioned track structure 40 model test system under environment load coupling effect, when carrying out test operation to track structure 40, place track structure 40 in environment simulation case 20, provide preset environmental condition for track structure 40 by environment simulation case 20, reproduce different natural environment factors (including but not limited to temperature field, humidity, rainwater, illumination and salt spray corruption), simultaneously, carry out loading action by the loading subassembly is synchronous, loading subassembly is with the removal load transmission of simulation train to track structure 40, namely can consider the influence of the many field coupling of different natural environment factors and the removal load of train to track structure 40's structural property and damage mechanism simultaneously, the simulation test is more true, can realize carrying out test research to track structure 40 under environment load coupling effect structural property evolution law and damage mechanism etc..
Further, the environmental simulation box 20 is also used to house the lower foundation of the track structure 40. The lower foundation is a roadbed 50, bridge or tunnel model. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in one simulation scenario, the track slab 43 and the roadbed 50 are placed inside the environmental simulation box 20 for simulation. Referring to fig. 4 to 6, in another simulation test scenario, a rail plate 43 and a bridge are placed inside an environmental simulation box 20 for a simulation test. Referring to fig. 7, in still another simulation test scenario, a composite structure of an interlayer gap 70 between a ballastless track CA mortar layer and a track slab 43 is placed inside an environmental simulation box 20 for a simulation test.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, in one embodiment, the interior of the environment simulation box 20 is sequentially provided with more than two door panels at intervals, and the more than two door panels divide the interior space of the environment simulation box 20 into a plurality of test environment spaces. In this way, the plurality of track structures 40 may be placed in the plurality of test environment spaces in one-to-one correspondence, and the environmental conditions in the plurality of test environment spaces may be the same or different, so that independent simulation tests may be performed on the plurality of track structures 40 at the same time. Of course, only one or two test environment spaces can be selected for simulation test. Specifically, the number of door panels in the interior of the environment simulation box 20 is four, and the four door panels partition the environment simulation box 20 to form five test environment spaces.
Referring to fig. 2-4, in one embodiment, an environmental simulation chamber 20 is movably disposed on the test section 10, and a door panel is openably disposed in the environmental simulation chamber 20. In this way, the door plate can be opened, the environment simulation box 20 is moved, and the test environment space where the track structure 40 is located can be changed, so that the environment condition of the track structure 40 can be correspondingly and rapidly changed, and the structural performance evolution rule and damage mechanism of the track structure 40 in the scene can be correspondingly observed and researched.
In an alternative embodiment, the model test system for the track structure 40 under the coupling of environmental loads further comprises a support plate (not shown) detachably arranged between the environmental simulation chamber 20 and the test section 10. The support plate is provided with a first slide rail, and the environment simulation box 20 is provided with a first sliding member (not shown) moving along the first slide rail. The door panel is an automatic door. The automatic door may be, for example, a foldable opening automatic door, a rotatable opening automatic door, or an otherwise opening automatic door. Taking a foldable opening automatic door as an example, when the foldable opening automatic door receives a door opening instruction, the foldable opening automatic door correspondingly performs folding and opening actions, and when the foldable opening automatic door receives a door closing instruction, the foldable opening automatic door correspondingly performs unfolding and closing actions.
Specifically, the first slider includes, but is not limited to, a slider wheel, and the like. Furthermore, the first slide rail is disposed along the extending direction of the groove. In addition, two first slide rails are arranged in parallel at intervals. The two first sliding parts are correspondingly arranged on the two first sliding rails in a corresponding and movable mode, and therefore the environment simulation box 20 can move on the supporting plate relatively stably.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in one embodiment, the loading assembly further includes two or more reaction frames 32 spaced apart on the test section 10, and stringers 33 connecting the two or more reaction frames 32. The actuators include more than two vertical actuators 31, and the more than two vertical actuators 31 are arranged on the longitudinal beam 33 at intervals. The top plate 21 of the environment simulation box 20 is provided with a strip-shaped opening 211, and the vertical actuator 31 penetrates through the strip-shaped opening 211 and stretches into the environment simulation box 20 to be connected with the track structure 40 so as to transfer the vertical moving load of the simulated train to the track structure 40.
Further, the number of reaction frames 32 is not limited, and in the present embodiment, the number of reaction frames 32 is 3, for example. Further, the number of the vertical actuators 31 is not limited, and is, for example, 8, 10 or other numbers in the present embodiment.
In one embodiment, the track structure 40 specifically includes, for example, a base plate, a mortar layer, a track plate 43, and two rails 41 disposed on the track plate 43, which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. Further, the vertical actuators 31 are loaded on the two rails 41 of the track structure 40 by means of a distribution beam to achieve a three-point bending test (each actuator is loaded in the middle of the distribution beam, the two rails 41 are connected at both ends of the distribution beam so as to transfer the force of the actuators to the two rails 41 by means of the distribution beam). In addition, the simulation of the train moving load can be realized by using the loading of the phase differences of the plurality of vertical actuators 31. In addition, a thermometer, a strain gauge, a displacement meter, and an accelerometer are provided in each of the base plate, the mortar layer, and the rail plate 43. The setting positions and the number of the strain gauges, the displacement meters and the accelerometers in the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43 are not limited, and the temperature data in the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly obtained through the thermometer; strain data in the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly acquired through strain gauges; the displacement data in the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly acquired through the displacement meter; acceleration data of the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly acquired through the accelerometer; and obtaining structural dynamic response characteristics of the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43 according to the temperature, the strain, the displacement deformation and the acceleration data of the base plate, the mortar layer and the track plate 43, and correspondingly judging the influence of different natural environment factors and the mutual coupling of the moving load of the train on the structural performance of the track structure 40.
In one embodiment, four high-definition cameras and two three-dimensional laser scanners are placed outside an environmental box, two cameras and one three-dimensional laser scanner on the left side and the right side of the environmental box respectively, two cameras and one three-dimensional laser scanner on the same side are aligned with a track structure to shoot in real time when a test is carried out, the two cameras and the three-dimensional laser scanner are combined to track the deformation process of the track and the lower foundation integral structure in the test process through a machine vision algorithm, and the obtained deformation of the track and the lower foundation integral structure is combined with the measured local position temperature, strain, displacement deformation and acceleration response data to jointly analyze the structural deformation and vibration characteristics of the integral three-dimensional structure of the track structure 40 under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and train load.
Specifically, the reaction frame 32 includes three vertical beams 321 and a cross beam 322 connecting the three vertical beams 321. The longitudinal beam 33 is connected to the middle of the transverse beam 322.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the side plate 22 of the environment simulation box 20 is provided with an observation window 221, the observation window 221 has a heat preservation function, and the number of the observation windows 221 is not limited. Through the viewing window 221, a specific situation of the track structure 40 in the environment simulation box 20 can be observed.
In one embodiment, the environmental simulation box 20 is provided with at least one of a temperature and humidity regulator, a rainfall simulator, an illumination simulator, and a salt spray simulator. Wherein, the different temperature fields comprise temperature loads (including high-low temperature circulation, temperature gradient, continuous high temperature and extreme temperature). The temperature and humidity are regulated by a temperature and humidity regulation and display integrated control system (comprising a refrigerating system, a humidifying system, a heating system, an air supply system and a PID control system). The rainfall realizes different rainfall intensity and rainfall capacity through the rainfall devices of the plurality of nozzles; the illumination realizes different illumination intensities through illumination devices of a plurality of ultraviolet lamp tubes; the salt mist realizes different salt mist settlement amounts through a continuous tower type spray PP plate and a plurality of salt mist test boxes.
In addition, the model test system of the track structure 40 under the coupling action of the environmental load further comprises a sensing acquisition device for acquiring test information of the track structure 40. The sensing acquisition device comprises a plurality of high-definition cameras, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a fiber bragg grating sensor, a hygrothermograph, a soil pressure box and a data acquisition instrument. The high-definition camera is used for remotely shooting the structural performance of the track structure 40, the three-dimensional laser scanner acquires three-dimensional coordinate data of the surface of the track structure 40, and the three-dimensional laser scanner are combined to analyze the structural performance and vibration characteristics of the whole three-dimensional structure of the track under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and train load through a machine vision algorithm. In addition, the fiber grating sensor is embedded in the track structure 40 for measuring strain, displacement and acceleration of each layer of the track structure 40, the thermometer is embedded in the track structure 40 for measuring temperature of each layer of the track structure 40, the hygrometer is arranged outside the track structure 40 for measuring humidity of the track structure 40, the soil pressure box is used for measuring soil pressure of each layer of soil body of the roadbed 50, and the data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring strain, displacement and acceleration of the track structure 40 during test.
In one embodiment, in performing a simulation test on the track structure 40, the track structure 40 (without foundation) may be placed in the environmental simulation box 20 for the test, or a simulation test may be performed on the double track structure 40 on the single box girder 60 as shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the single box girder 60 and the double track structure 40 are integrally placed in the environmental simulation box 20 for the simulation test.
In addition, it should be noted that the types of the track structures 40 include, but are not limited to, ballastless tracks and ballasted track structures 40 for high-speed railways, inter-urban railways and general railways, and floating slab structures in subways. Specifically, the types of ballastless tracks include, but are not limited to, five types of ballastless track plates 43: CRSTI template, CRST II template, CRST III template, CRTS I type double-block ballastless track and CRTS II type double-block ballastless track. Types of ballasted tracks include, but are not limited to, elastomeric ties, composite ties, and ballasted track structures 40 of ballast mats. The types of floating slabs inside the subway include, but are not limited to, steel spring floating slabs, rubber vibration-damping-pad floating slabs, and polyurethane vibration-damping-pad floating slabs. The above-mentioned model test system for the track structure 40 under the coupling action of environmental load generally performs synchronous test operation on the same kind of track structure 40, but of course, test operation may be performed synchronously on different kinds of track structures 40, which is not limited herein.
As an example, when the track structure 40 is a floating slab structure, the floating slab structure is placed in an environmental box, the moving load of the subway train is simulated by the phase difference loading of a plurality of actuators, and vibration reduction performance of the floating slab structure under the coupling action of different environmental factors and the load of the subway train is obtained by installing a vibration acceleration sensor on the floating slab.
The types of damage to the track structure 40 in this embodiment include, but are not limited to, interlayer gaps 70, cracking of the concrete track slab 43 and the foundation slab, arching of the track slab 43, uneven settlement of the lower foundation, and the like. These damage states may be single states or may be plural.
In one embodiment, a method for testing a model of a track structure 40 under an environmental load coupling effect, which uses the system for testing a model of a track structure 40 under an environmental load coupling effect according to any one of the embodiments, includes the following steps:
when the track structure 40 is subjected to test work, the track structure 40 is placed in the environment simulation box 20, preset environment conditions are provided for the track structure 40 by the environment simulation box 20, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading action, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure 40.
According to the method for testing the model of the track structure 40 under the environment load coupling effect, when the track structure 40 is tested, the track structure 40 is placed in the environment simulation box 20, preset environment conditions are provided for the track structure 40 by the environment simulation box 20, different natural environment factors (including but not limited to a temperature field, humidity, rainwater erosion, illumination and salt spray corrosion) are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading action, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of a simulated train to the track structure 40, namely, the influence of mutual coupling of different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on disease mechanism and structural performance evaluation of the track structure 40 can be considered at the same time, the simulation test is more real, and test research on the disease mechanism, the structural performance evaluation and the like of the track structure 40 under the multi-factor coupling effect under different damage states can be realized.
In one embodiment, the method for model testing the track structure 40 under the coupling action of environmental load further comprises the following steps:
the lower foundation below the track structure 40 is synchronously placed into the environmental simulation tank 20, the lower foundation being located below the track structure 40.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 schematically show a schematic structure of differential settlement of a roadbed 50 in a test system of a track structure 40 under the action of multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a deformation plate 45 is placed at a position of differential settlement at the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate differential settlement of the roadbed 50, specifically, at least 1 deformation plate 45 with different lengths and heights can be placed at a position of at least 1 deformation plate 45 to simulate a straight line of differential settlement at a specific point of the roadbed 50, or at least 1 row of deformation plates 45 can be placed at one side of the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate a curve of differential settlement at one side of the roadbed 50, and a rectangular deformation plate 45 can be laid at the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate overall differential settlement of the roadbed 50. Then, the roadbed 50 with the deformation plates 45 and the track structure 40 are placed in the environment box, the phase difference of the vertical actuators 31 is utilized to simulate the load of the mobile train, the temperature, the humidity, the rainwater and the like in the environment box are started, and the evolution rule of the performance of the track structure 40 with the roadbed 50 unevenly settled under the coupling effect of environmental multifactor and the load of the mobile train is experimentally researched.
Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of an interlayer gap 70 between a CA mortar layer of a ballastless track and a track slab 43 in a test system and a method of a track structure 40 under the action of multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention, by arranging the interlayer gap 70 between the CA mortar layer of the ballastless track and the track slab 43 or between the CA mortar layer and a base plate in advance, the size of the interlayer gap 70 is in the range of 0.5cm-5cm, then placing the track structure 40 with the interlayer gap 70 into the environmental box, simulating the load of a moving train by using the phase difference of a vertical actuator 31, and starting the temperature, humidity, rainwater, etc. in the environmental box, and the test study on the evolution rule of the performance of the track structure 40 with the interlayer gap 70 under the action of coupling of environmental multifactor and moving train load.
Referring to fig. 1 again, fig. 1 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of an arch on a simulation track plate 43 in a test system of a track structure 40 under the action of multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention, in addition, the arch on the simulation track plate 43 may be simulated by placing shims 42 at the bottom of the arch on the simulation track plate 40, specifically, 1 upper surface circular arc shims 42 with different lengths and heights may be placed at a specific point on the simulation track plate 43, or 1 row of upper surface circular arc shims 42 may be placed at one side of the bottom of the simulation track to simulate the continuous arch on one side of the simulation track. Then, the track structure 40 with the gaskets 42 is placed in the environment box, the phase difference of the vertical actuators 31 is utilized to simulate the load of the mobile train, the temperature, the humidity, the rainwater and the like in the environment box are started, and the evolution rule of the performance of the track structure 40 when the track plate 43 is arched under the coupling effect of environmental multifactor and the load of the mobile train is experimentally researched.
The cracking phenomenon of the track plate 43 and the base plate can be simulated, the cracking of the track plate 43 and the base plate is simulated by arranging cracks with different depths and lengths on the track plate 43 and the base plate of the track structure 40, then the cracked track structure 40 is placed into the environment box, the load of the mobile train is simulated by using the phase difference of the vertical actuator 31, the temperature, the humidity, the rainwater and the like in the environment box are started, and the evolution rule of the performance of the cracked track structure 40 under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and the load of the mobile train is experimentally researched.
Note that the types of the roadbed 50 in the present embodiment include, but are not limited to, soft soil foundations, loess foundations, expansive soil foundations, and frozen soil foundations. These foundations 50 are placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20 for testing and may be replaced when not needed.
It should be noted that the bridge in this embodiment is a simply supported beam spanning, for example, 32m, and its forms include, but are not limited to, single box girder, double box girder, T-girder, and U-girder forms. The bridges may be placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20 when tested and may be replaced when not tested.
In summary, the above-mentioned model test system for the track structure 40 under the coupling effect of environmental load has at least the following technical effects: first, a plurality of vertical actuators 31 (e.g., ten) can simulate the shifting effect of a train load by the phase difference loading of adjacent actuators; second, the plurality of track slabs 43 (e.g., five) can fully take into account the boundary conditions of the wiring track structure 40, eliminating the problem of insufficient boundary conditions of the monolithic track structure 40; then, the environment box can consider environmental factors such as different temperature fields, humidity, rainwater, sunlight, salt fog and the like, and can also move along the guide rail to change the position of the environment application, so that the position of a test object is not changed; finally, the installation of the deforming plate 45 at different locations below the lower foundation simulates uneven settlement of the lower foundation. Through the test means, the problems of structural performance evaluation and disease mechanism of the track structure 40 in the track traffic under the coupling action of environmental multifactorial and train load of the track structure 40 in different damage states can be solved.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several structural features and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a track structure model test system under environment load coupling effect which characterized in that, track structure model test system includes under the environment load coupling effect:
the test section and the environment simulation box are arranged on the test section, the environment simulation box is used for placing a track structure for performing a simulation test and providing preset environment conditions for the track structure, and the track structure comprises a base plate, a mortar layer, a track plate and two steel rails arranged on the track plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top;
the loading assembly is arranged on the test section and comprises a plurality of actuators, the actuators are used for being connected with the track structure and transmitting the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure, each actuator is loaded in the middle of a distribution beam, and two ends of the distribution beam are connected with two steel rails so as to transmit the force of the actuators to the two steel rails through the distribution beam;
the sensing acquisition device is used for acquiring test information of the track structure and comprises a plurality of high-definition cameras, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a fiber bragg grating sensor, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a soil pressure box and a data acquisition instrument; the three-dimensional laser scanner acquires three-dimensional coordinate data of the surface of the track structure, and the three-dimensional laser scanner is combined with the three-dimensional coordinate data to analyze the structural performance and vibration characteristics of the whole three-dimensional structure of the track under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and train load through a machine vision algorithm; the fiber bragg grating sensor is embedded in the track structure and is used for measuring the strain and the acceleration of each layer of the track structure; the thermometer is embedded in the track structure and is used for measuring the temperature of each layer of the track structure; the hygrometer is arranged outside the track structure and is used for measuring the humidity of the track structure; the soil pressure box is used for measuring the soil pressure of each layer of soil body of the roadbed; the data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the strain, displacement and acceleration of the track structure in the test;
more than two door plates are sequentially arranged in the environment simulation box at intervals, and the interior space of the environment simulation box is divided into a plurality of test environment spaces by the more than two door plates; the environment simulation box is movably arranged on the test section, and the door plate is arranged in the environment simulation box in an openable manner;
the loading assembly further comprises more than two reaction frames arranged on the test section at intervals and longitudinal beams connected with more than two reaction frames, the actuators comprise more than two vertical actuators, and more than two vertical actuators are arranged on the longitudinal beams at intervals; the top plate of the environment simulation box is provided with a strip-shaped opening, and the vertical actuator penetrates through the strip-shaped opening and stretches into the environment simulation box to be connected with the track structure so as to transmit the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure;
when the differential settlement of the roadbed needs to be simulated, the lower foundation is the roadbed, and a deformation plate is placed at the position of the differential settlement of the bottom of the roadbed to simulate the differential settlement of the roadbed;
when the interlayer gap between the ballastless track CA mortar layer or the self-compacting concrete layer and the track plate and the bed plate is required to be simulated, arranging interlayer gaps between the ballastless track CA mortar layer or the self-compacting concrete layer of the track structure and the track plate and the bed plate in advance, wherein the size of the interlayer gaps is within the range of 0.5cm-5 cm;
when the rail plate arch is required to be simulated, the rail plate arch is simulated by placing a gasket at the bottom of the rail structure arch position;
when the cracking phenomenon of the track plate and the base plate is required to be simulated, the cracking of the track plate and the base plate is simulated by arranging cracks with different depths and lengths on the track plate and the base plate of the track structure, and then the track structure with the cracks is placed into the environment simulation box.
2. The environmental load coupled rail structure model test system of claim 1, wherein the environmental simulation box is further configured to receive a lower foundation of the rail structure, the lower foundation being a roadbed, bridge, or tunnel model.
3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a support plate detachably disposed between the environmental simulation box and the test section, wherein a first slide rail is disposed on the support plate, and a first sliding member moving along the first slide rail is disposed on the environmental simulation box; the door panel is an automatic door.
4. A model test system for a track structure under coupling action of environmental load according to claim 3, wherein the first slider is a slider or a sliding wheel.
5. The model test system for the track structure under the coupling effect of environmental load according to claim 3, wherein the number of the first sliding rails is two, and the two first sliding rails are arranged in parallel and at intervals; the two first sliding parts are correspondingly arranged on the two first sliding rails in a corresponding movable mode.
6. The model test system for the track structure under the coupling action of the environmental load according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the environmental simulation box is provided with a temperature and humidity regulator.
7. The model test system for a track structure under an environmental load coupling effect according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the environmental simulation box is provided with a rainfall simulator.
8. The model test system for a track structure under an environmental load coupling effect according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the environmental simulation box is provided with at least one of an illumination simulator and a salt spray simulator.
9. A method for testing a model of a track structure under the coupling action of environmental load, characterized in that the system for testing a model of a track structure under the coupling action of environmental load according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
when the track structure is tested, the track structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the track structure, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously carries out loading actions, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure.
10. The method for testing the model of the track structure under the coupling action of the environmental load according to claim 9, wherein the method for testing the model of the track structure under the coupling action of the environmental load further comprises the following steps:
and synchronously placing a lower foundation below the track structure into the environment simulation box, wherein the lower foundation is positioned below the track structure.
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| CN114778322A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-22 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Ballastless track interlayer pressure test device and test method |
| CN116929878B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-04-02 | 燕山大学 | Multi-working-condition-simulating asphalt pavement coupling damage device |
| CN116975989B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2024-02-27 | 深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating bridge running state based on finite element guided deep learning agent model |
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