CN111678771A - System and method for testing track structure model under environment load coupling effect - Google Patents
System and method for testing track structure model under environment load coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN111678771A CN111678771A CN202010705120.7A CN202010705120A CN111678771A CN 111678771 A CN111678771 A CN 111678771A CN 202010705120 A CN202010705120 A CN 202010705120A CN 111678771 A CN111678771 A CN 111678771A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for testing a track structure model under the coupling action of environmental loads. The environment simulation box is used for placing a track structure for simulation test. The loading assembly is arranged in the test section and comprises a plurality of actuators. The actuator is connected to the track structure. The rail structures in different damage states are placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the rail structures, different natural environment factors are reproduced, loading is synchronously performed by the loading assembly, the loading assembly transmits moving loads of a simulated train to the rail structures, the influence of mutual coupling of the different environment factors and the moving loads of the train on the rail structure performance evolution rules of the different damage states can be considered simultaneously, a simulation test is more real, and structural performance evaluation, disease mechanism and the like of various rail structures in different damage states under the multi-field coupling effect can be subjected to experimental research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a track structure model test system, in particular to a track structure model test system and method under the coupling action of environmental loads.
Background
In recent years, China has made great progress in technical development and scale development of high-speed railways and urban rail transit, and China has experienced countries in the world where the high-speed railways and urban rail transit have the longest operating mileage, the fastest construction speed, the largest rail transit traffic volume, the highest operating speed and the largest construction scale. However, the large scale of the construction of the rail transit in China, the short construction period, the insufficient design and construction experience, and the large difference of the geological conditions and the climatic conditions, the new construction of the line around the existing line leads the existing rail structure to be influenced by various complex environmental condition changes, reciprocating train loads and other factors during the operation, almost all rail structures of the rail transit in China have different degrees and different types of diseases, such as corrugation and wheel scab of the train, main diseases of the rail structure include inter-layer gap upwarping, concrete rail plates and base plates cracking, rail plate upwarping and the like, uneven settlement of subgrade, bridge convex baffle damage and tunnel ponding, and the diseases seriously affect the normal service performance of the rail structure and even endanger the driving safety.
The indoor model test is an important means for researching the structural performance evaluation and the disease mechanism of the ballastless track under the multi-field coupling effect, and the existing indoor test research mainly focuses on the temperature field, the train load, the fatigue characteristic and other related tests of the track structure, and lacks the consideration on different service environment conditions and load coupling of the moving train and the consideration on the track structure under different damage states.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the existing indoor test technology, and provide a system and a method for testing a track structure model under the environment load coupling effect, which can realize experimental research on the disease mechanism and the structural performance evaluation under the multi-field coupling effect of the track structure in different damage states.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a track structure model test system under environmental load coupling effect, track structure model test system includes under the environmental load coupling effect: the environment simulation box is arranged in the test section and used for placing a track structure for simulation test and providing preset environment conditions for the track structure; the loading subassembly, the loading subassembly set up in the test section, the loading subassembly includes a plurality of actuator, the actuator be used for with track structure links to each other, transmits the removal load of simulation train for track structure.
According to the track structure model test system under the environment load coupling effect, when the track structure is tested, the track structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the track structure, different natural environment factors (including but not limited to a temperature field, humidity, rainwater erosion, illumination and salt spray corrosion) are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading component synchronously performs loading action, the loading component transmits the moving load of a simulated train to the track structure, namely the influence of the mutual coupling of the different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on the track structure disease mechanism and structural performance evaluation can be considered simultaneously, the simulation test is more real, and the test research on the disease mechanism and structural performance evaluation and the like of the track structure under the multi-factor coupling effect in different damage states can be realized.
In one embodiment, the environmental simulation chamber is further configured to receive a lower foundation of the track structure, the lower foundation being a roadbed, a bridge or a tunnel model.
In one embodiment, more than two door plates are sequentially arranged in the environment simulation box at intervals, and the internal space of the environment simulation box is divided into a plurality of test environment spaces by the more than two door plates.
In one embodiment, the environmental simulation chamber is movably disposed on the test section, and the door panel is openably disposed in the environmental simulation chamber.
In one embodiment, the system for testing the track structure model under the coupling action of the environmental load further comprises a supporting plate detachably arranged between the environmental simulation box and the test section, a first sliding rail is arranged on the supporting plate, and a first sliding piece moving along the first sliding rail is arranged on the environmental simulation box; the door plate is an automatic door.
In one embodiment, the loading assembly further comprises more than two reaction frames arranged on the test section at intervals, and a longitudinal beam connecting the more than two reaction frames, wherein the actuators comprise more than two vertical actuators, and the more than two vertical actuators are arranged on the longitudinal beam at intervals; be equipped with the bar mouth on the roof of environment simulation case, vertical actuator passes the bar mouth stretches into be used for behind the environment simulation case with track structure links to each other, transmits the removal load of simulation train for track structure.
In one embodiment, the environment simulation box is provided with at least one of a temperature and humidity regulator, a rainfall simulator, an illumination simulator and a salt spray simulator; the track structure model test system under the environment load coupling effect further comprises a sensing and collecting device for obtaining test information of the track structure; the sensing and collecting device comprises a plurality of high-definition cameras, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a fiber grating sensor, a hygrothermograph, a soil pressure cell and a data collecting instrument.
A method for testing a track structure model under the coupling effect of environmental loads adopts a system for testing a track structure model under the coupling effect of environmental loads, and comprises the following steps:
when the rail structure is tested, the rail structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the rail structure, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously performs loading action, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the rail structure.
According to the method for testing the track structure model under the environment load coupling effect, when the track structure is tested, the track structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the track structure, different natural environment factors (including but not limited to temperature, humidity, rainwater, illumination and salt spray corrosion) are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously performs loading action, the loading assembly transmits the moving load of a simulated train to the track structure, namely the influence of the mutual coupling of the different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on the track structure performance evolution rule can be considered simultaneously, the simulation test is more real, and the test research on the disease mechanism, the structural performance evaluation and the like of the track structure in different damage states under the multi-factor coupling effect can be realized.
In one embodiment, the method for testing the track structure model under the coupling effect of the environmental load further comprises the following steps:
and synchronously putting a lower foundation below the track structure into the environment simulation box, wherein the lower foundation is positioned below the track structure.
In one embodiment, when the non-uniform settlement of the roadbed needs to be simulated, the lower foundation is the roadbed, and the deformation plate is placed at the position of the uniform settlement at the bottom of the roadbed to simulate the non-uniform settlement of the roadbed;
when interlayer separation joints between a ballastless track CA mortar layer or a self-compacting concrete layer and a track slab and a base slab need to be simulated, an interlayer separation joint is arranged between the ballastless track CA mortar layer or the self-compacting concrete layer of the track structure and the track slab and the base slab in advance, and the size of the interlayer separation joint is within the range of 0.5cm-5 cm;
when the track slab is required to be simulated to arch, the cushion pieces are placed at the bottom of the arching position of the track structure to simulate the arching of the track slab;
when the cracking phenomenon of the track slab and the base plate needs to be simulated, the cracking of the track slab and the base plate is simulated by setting cracks with different depths and lengths on the track slab and the base plate of the track structure, and then the track structure with the cracks is placed into the environment box.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a track-roadbed structure testing system under the action of multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the uneven subgrade settlement of the track-subgrade structure test system under the multi-field coupling effect according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a track-roadbed structure testing system under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view at A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a track-bridge structure testing system under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a track-bridge structure testing system under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a track structure with interlayer gaps in a track structure test system under the multi-field coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10. A test section; 20. an environmental simulation box; 21. a top plate; 211. a strip-shaped opening; 22. a side plate; 221. an observation window; 23. an end panel; 31. a vertical actuator; 32. a reaction frame; 321. erecting a beam; 322. a cross beam; 33. a stringer; 40. a track structure; 41. a steel rail; 42. a gasket; 43. a track plate; 44. a mortar layer; 45. a deformable plate; 50. a roadbed; 60. a single box girder; 70. and (5) separating seams among layers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Conventionally, for indoor tests of track structure performance in track traffic, a load loading test of a train or a durability test of only considering environmental factors is generally considered, a test system for evaluating and researching the track structure performance under the coupling effect of the load of a moving train and multiple factors of the environment (such as temperature, humidity, rainwater, chloride ion erosion, geological uneven settlement and other factors) is lacked, and a test system for researching the damage mechanism of the track structure in different damage states is also lacked. Based on the above, the application provides a track structure test system and method under the multi-field coupling effect, which overcome the defect of functional singleness of the existing track structure performance indoor laboratory, accurately simulate the multi-factor coupling effect of the moving load and the environment of a train through the indoor test, reproduce different damage states of the track structure, perform test research on the structural performance evolution law, the damage mechanism and the like under the multi-factor coupling effect of the track structure under different damage states, disclose the track structure disease mechanism and provide effective solutions, thereby comprehensively prolonging the service life of the track engineering in China and ensuring the safe operation of the high-speed railway.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure diagram of a track structure 40 model test system under the coupling effect of environmental loads according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a track structure 40 model test system under the coupling effect of environmental loads according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a track structure 40 model test system with the environmental simulation box 20 removed under the coupling effect of environmental loads according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the invention, a system for testing a model of a track structure 40 under an environmental load coupling effect includes: test section 10, environmental simulation box 20 and loading assembly. The environmental simulation chamber 20 is provided in the test section 10. The environmental simulation box 20 is used for placing the track structure 40 for simulation test and providing preset environmental conditions for the track structure 40. The loading assembly is arranged in the test section 10 and comprises a plurality of actuators. The actuators are adapted to be coupled to the track structure 40 to transfer the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure 40.
When the above-mentioned rail structure 40 model test system under the environmental load coupling effect is used for testing the rail structure 40, the track structure 40 is placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20, the environmental simulation chamber 20 provides the track structure 40 with preset environmental conditions, reproduces different natural environmental factors (including but not limited to temperature field, humidity, rain, light and salt spray corrosion), meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously performs loading action, transfers the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure 40, namely, the influence of different natural environment factors and the multi-field coupling of the moving load of the train on the structural performance and the damage mechanism of the track structure 40 can be considered simultaneously, so that the simulation test is more real, and the experimental research on the structural performance evolution rule, the damage mechanism and the like of the track structure 40 under the environment load coupling effect can be realized.
Further, the environmental simulation chamber 20 is also used to put in the lower base of the rail structure 40. The lower foundation is a roadbed 50, bridge or tunnel model. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in one simulation scenario, the track slab 43 and the roadbed 50 are placed inside the environmental simulation chamber 20 for simulation test. Referring to fig. 4 to 6, in another simulation scenario, the track slab 43 and the bridge are placed inside the environmental simulation chamber 20 for simulation. Referring to fig. 7, in another simulation test scenario, a combined structure of an interlayer gap 70 between a ballastless track CA mortar layer 44 and a track slab 43 is placed inside an environment simulation box 20 for simulation test.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, in one embodiment, two or more door panels are sequentially disposed at intervals inside the environmental simulation chamber 20, and the two or more door panels divide the internal space of the environmental simulation chamber 20 into a plurality of test environmental spaces. Like this, can place a plurality of track structures 40 in a plurality of experimental environment spaces with the respective one-to-one, the environmental condition in a plurality of experimental environment spaces can be the same, also can be different, can carry out independent simulation test respectively simultaneously to a plurality of track structures 40. Of course, only one or two of the test environment spaces may be selected for the simulation test. Specifically, the number of door panels inside the environmental simulation chamber 20 is four, and the four door panels partition the environmental simulation chamber 20 to form five test environmental spaces.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, in one embodiment, the environmental simulation box 20 is movably disposed on the test section 10, and a door panel is openably disposed in the environmental simulation box 20. Therefore, the test environment space where the track structure 40 is located can be changed by opening the door plate and moving the environment simulation box 20, so that the environment condition of the track structure 40 can be correspondingly and rapidly changed, and the structural performance evolution rule and the damage mechanism of the track structure 40 under the scene can be correspondingly observed and researched.
In an alternative embodiment, the track structure 40 model test system under the coupling of environmental load further comprises a support plate (not shown in the figure) detachably disposed between the environmental simulation chamber 20 and the test section 10. The supporting plate is provided with a first slide rail, and the environmental simulation chamber 20 is provided with a first sliding member (not shown) moving along the first slide rail. The door plate is an automatic door. The automatic door may be, for example, a foldable opening automatic door, a swing opening automatic door, or an automatic door that is opened in other ways. Taking the foldable opening automatic door as an example, the foldable opening automatic door correspondingly performs a folding opening action when receiving a door opening instruction, and correspondingly performs an unfolding door closing action when receiving a door closing instruction.
Specifically, the first slider includes, but is not limited to, a slide block, a slide wheel, and the like. In addition, the first slide rail is arranged along the extending direction of the groove. In addition, the first slide rail is two, and two first slide rails are arranged in parallel at intervals. The number of the first sliding parts is two, and the two first sliding parts are respectively and correspondingly movably arranged on the two first sliding rails, so that the environmental simulation box 20 can move on the supporting plate more stably.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in one embodiment, the loading assembly further includes two or more reaction frames 32 disposed on the test section 10 at intervals, and a longitudinal beam 33 connecting the two or more reaction frames 32. The actuators include more than two vertical actuators 31, and the more than two vertical actuators 31 are arranged on the longitudinal beams 33 at intervals. Be equipped with bar mouth 211 on the roof 21 of environment simulation case 20, vertical actuator 31 passes bar mouth 211 and is used for linking to each other with track structure 40 after stretching into environment simulation case 20, transmits the vertical removal load of simulation train for track structure 40.
Further, the number of the reaction frames 32 is not limited, and in the present embodiment, the number of the reaction frames 32 is, for example, 3. In addition, the number of the vertical actuators 31 is not limited, and is, for example, 8, 10 or other numbers in the present embodiment.
In one embodiment, the track structure 40 specifically includes, for example, a base plate, a mortar layer 44, a track plate 43, and two rails 41 disposed on the track plate 43, which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. Further, the vertical actuators 31 are loaded on the two rails 41 of the track structure 40 by the distributor beam to achieve a three-point bending test (each actuator is loaded in the middle of the distributor beam, and the two rails 41 are connected at both ends of the distributor beam to transfer the force of the actuator to the two rails 41 through the distributor beam). In addition, the simulation of the moving load of the train can be realized by the phase difference loading of the plurality of vertical actuators 31. In addition, a thermometer, a strain gauge, a displacement gauge and an accelerometer are provided in the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the rail plate 43. The arrangement positions and the number of the strain gauges, the displacement meters and the accelerometers in the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track plate 43 are not limited, and the temperature data in the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly acquired through the thermometers; strain data in the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly obtained through the strain gauge; the displacement data in the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly obtained through the displacement meter; acceleration data of the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track plate 43 can be correspondingly acquired through the accelerometer; and obtaining the structural dynamic response characteristics of the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track slab 43 according to the temperature, strain, displacement deformation and acceleration data of the base plate, the mortar layer 44 and the track slab 43, and correspondingly judging the influence of mutual coupling of different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on the structural performance of the track structure 40.
In one embodiment, four high-definition cameras and two three-dimensional laser scanners are arranged outside an environment box, two cameras and one three-dimensional laser scanner are arranged on the left side and the right side of the environment box respectively, when a test is carried out, the two cameras and the three-dimensional laser scanner on the same side are aimed at a track structure to carry out real-time shooting, the two cameras and the three-dimensional laser scanner are combined to track the deformation process of the track and the lower foundation overall structure in the test process through a machine vision algorithm, the obtained deformation of the track and the lower foundation overall structure is combined with the measured local position temperature, strain, displacement deformation and acceleration response data, and the structural deformation and the vibration characteristics of the overall three-dimensional structure of the track structure 40 under the environment multi-factor and train load coupling effect are jointly analyzed.
Specifically, the reaction frame 32 includes three vertical beams 321 and a cross beam 322 connecting the three vertical beams 321. The longitudinal beams 33 are connected to the middle of the cross beams 322.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, further, the side plate 22 of the environmental simulation chamber 20 is provided with an observation window 221, the observation window 221 has a heat preservation function, and the number of the observation windows 221 is not limited. Through the observation window 221, the details of the track structure 40 in the environmental simulation chamber 20 can be observed.
In one embodiment, the environmental simulation chamber 20 is provided with at least one of a temperature and humidity regulator, a rainfall simulator, an illumination simulator, and a salt spray simulator. Wherein, the different temperature fields comprise temperature loads (including high and low temperature cycles, temperature gradients, continuous high temperature and extreme temperature). The temperature and humidity change is regulated by a temperature and humidity regulation and display integrated control system (comprising a refrigerating system, a humidifying system, a heating system, an air supply system and a PID control system). The rainfall realizes different rainfall intensities and rainfall amounts through a plurality of nozzles; the illumination realizes different illumination intensities through illumination devices of a plurality of ultraviolet lamp tubes; the salt fog realizes different salt fog sedimentation amounts through a continuous tower type PP plate spraying and multiple salt fog test boxes.
In addition, further, the track structure 40 model test system under the coupling effect of the environmental load further includes a sensing and collecting device for acquiring the test information of the track structure 40. The sensing and collecting device comprises a plurality of high-definition cameras, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a fiber grating sensor, a hygrothermograph, a soil pressure cell and a data collecting instrument. The high-definition camera is used for remotely shooting the structural performance of the track structure 40, the three-dimensional laser scanner obtains three-dimensional coordinate data of the surface of the track structure 40, and the three-dimensional coordinate data and the structural performance and the vibration characteristic of the whole three-dimensional structure of the track under the coupling effect of environmental multifactor and train load are analyzed through a machine vision algorithm. In addition, the fiber grating sensor is for example pre-embedded inside the track structure 40 and used for measuring the strain, displacement and acceleration of each layer of the track structure 40, the thermometer is pre-embedded inside the track structure 40 and used for measuring the temperature of each layer of the track structure 40, the hygrometer is used for measuring the humidity of the track structure 40 friday outside the track structure 40, the soil pressure cell is used for measuring the soil pressure of each layer of soil body of the roadbed 50, and the data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the strain, displacement and acceleration of the track structure 40 during the test.
In one embodiment, in the simulation of the track structure 40, the track structure 40 (without a foundation) may be placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20 for the test, or the two-wire track structure 40 on the single box girder 60 as shown in fig. 5 and 6 may be subjected to the simulation test, and the single box girder 60 and the two-wire track structure 40 are integrally placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20 for the simulation test.
In addition, it should be noted that the types of the track structure 40 include, but are not limited to, ballastless tracks and ballasted track structures 40 of high-speed railways, inter-city railways and general railways, and floating slab structures inside subways. Specifically, the types of ballastless tracks include, but are not limited to, five types of ballastless track slabs 43: the CRSTI template, the CRST II template, the CRST III template, the CRTSI type double-block ballastless track and the CRTSII type double-block ballastless track. The types of ballast track include, but are not limited to, resilient sleepers, composite sleepers, and ballast-cushioned ballast track structures 40. The types of floating slabs inside the subway include, but are not limited to, steel spring floating slabs, rubber shock-absorbing pad floating slabs and polyurethane shock-absorbing pad floating slabs. The above-mentioned test system for the model of the track structure 40 under the coupling effect of the environmental load generally performs synchronous test work on the track structures 40 of the same type, and certainly, may also perform synchronous test work on the track structures 40 of different types, and is not limited herein.
As an example, when the track structure 40 is a floating plate structure, the floating plate structure is placed inside an environment box, the moving load of a subway train is also simulated by phase difference loading of a plurality of actuators, and the vibration damping performance of the floating plate structure under the coupling action of different environmental factors and the load of the subway train is obtained by installing a vibration acceleration sensor on the floating plate.
The types of damage states of the track structure 40 in the present embodiment include, but are not limited to, inter-floor separation 70, cracking of the concrete track slab 43 and the foundation slab, arching of the track slab 43, uneven settlement of the lower foundation, and the like. These damage states may be a single state or a plurality of states may exist simultaneously.
In one embodiment, a method for testing a model of a track structure 40 under an environmental load coupling effect, which uses the system for testing a model of a track structure 40 under an environmental load coupling effect described in any one of the above embodiments, includes the following steps:
when the rail structure 40 is tested, the rail structure 40 is placed in the environment simulation box 20, the environment simulation box 20 provides preset environment conditions for the rail structure 40, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously performs loading action, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of a simulated train to the rail structure 40.
When the above-mentioned rail structure 40 model test method under the environmental load coupling effect is used for testing the rail structure 40, the track structure 40 is placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20, the environmental simulation chamber 20 provides the track structure 40 with preset environmental conditions, reproduces different natural environmental factors (including but not limited to temperature field, humidity, rain erosion, light and salt spray corrosion), meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously performs loading action, transfers the moving load of the simulated train to the track structure 40, namely, the influence of mutual coupling of different natural environment factors and the moving load of the train on the damage mechanism and structural performance evaluation of the track structure 40 can be considered at the same time, so that the simulation test is more real, and the test research on the damage mechanism and structural performance evaluation of the track structure 40 under the multi-factor coupling action in different damage states can be realized.
In one embodiment, the method for testing the model of the track structure 40 under the coupling effect of the environmental load further includes the following steps:
the lower foundation below the track structure 40 is synchronously placed into the environmental simulation chamber 20, the lower foundation being located below the track structure 40.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are schematic diagrams illustrating a structure of uneven settlement of a roadbed 50 in a track structure 40 test system under multi-field coupling according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein a deformation plate 45 is placed at a position of the even settlement of the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate the uneven settlement of the roadbed 50, specifically, at least 1 deformation plate 45 with different lengths and heights can be placed on a straight line at the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate the uneven settlement of a specific point of the roadbed 50, or at least 1 row of deformation plates 45 can be placed on one side of the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate a curve of the uneven settlement of one side of the roadbed 50, or a rectangular deformation plate 45 is completely laid on the bottom of the roadbed 50 to simulate the overall uneven settlement of the roadbed 50. Then the roadbed 50 with the deformation plates 45 and the track structure 40 are placed in the environment box, the phase difference of the vertical actuator 31 is utilized to simulate the load of the moving train, the temperature, the humidity, the rainwater and the like in the environment box are started, and the evolution law of the performance of the track structure 40 with the roadbed 50 unevenly settled under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and the load of the moving train is experimentally researched.
Fig. 7 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of an interlayer gap 70 between a ballastless track CA mortar layer 44 and a track slab 43 in a track structure 40 test system and method under the multi-field coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention, the interlayer gap 70 is arranged between the ballastless track CA mortar layer 44 and the track slab 43 or between the CA mortar layer 44 and a base slab in advance, the size of the interlayer gap 70 is within a range of 0.5cm to 5cm, then the track structure 40 with the interlayer gap 70 is placed in the environment box, the phase difference of the vertical actuator 31 is used to simulate the load of a moving train, and the temperature, humidity, rainwater and the like in the environment box are started, so as to test and study the evolution law of the performance of the track structure 40 with the interlayer gap 70 under the coupling effect of multiple factors of the environment and the load of the moving train.
Referring to fig. 1 again, fig. 1 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of simulating the arching of the track slab 43 in the track structure 40 testing system under the multi-field coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in addition, the arching of the track slab 43 can be simulated, and the arching of the track slab 43 can be simulated by placing the spacers 42 at the bottom of the arching position of the track structure 40, specifically, 1 upper surface circular arc-shaped spacer 42 with different lengths and heights can be used for placing the bottom of the track structure 40 to simulate the wavelength and wave height of the arching at a specific point of the track slab 43, and 1 row of upper surface circular arc-shaped spacers 42 can be used for placing one side of the track bottom to simulate the continuous arching at one side of the. Then, the track structure 40 with the gasket 42 is placed in the environment box, the phase difference of the vertical actuator 31 is utilized to simulate the load of the moving train, the temperature, the humidity, the rainwater and the like in the environment box are started, and the evolution law of the performance of the track structure 40 when the track plate 43 is arched upwards under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and the load of the moving train is studied through experiments.
Can also simulate track board 43 and base plate fracture phenomenon, through track board 43 and the base plate at track structure 40 set up the fracture of the different degree of depth and length simulation track board 43 and base plate's fracture, then put into the track structure 40 that has the fracture the environment case the inside, utilize vertical actuator 31's phase difference simulation to remove the train load to open temperature, humidity, rainwater etc. in the environment case, experimental study has the evolution law of the track structure 40 performance of fracture under environment multifactor and the coupling of removal train load.
It should be noted that the type of the roadbed 50 in the present embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a soft soil foundation, a yellow soil foundation, an expansive soil foundation, and a frozen soil foundation. These foundations 50 are placed in the environmental simulation chamber 20 for testing and can be replaced when not needed.
It should be noted that the bridge in this embodiment is a simple beam spanning, for example, 32m, and its forms include, but are not limited to, single box girder, double box girder, T-shaped girder, and U-shaped girder forms. These bridges may be placed in the environmental chamber 20 during testing and may be replaced when not being tested.
In summary, the above-mentioned track structure 40 model test system under the environment load coupling effect has at least the following technical effects: firstly, a plurality of vertical actuators 31 (for example, ten) can simulate the moving effect of the train load through the phase difference loading of adjacent actuators; secondly, the boundary conditions of the track structure 40 can be fully considered by a plurality of track plates 43 (for example, five track plates), so that the problem of insufficient boundary conditions of a single track structure 40 is solved; then, the environmental box can consider environmental factors such as different temperature fields, humidity, rainwater, sunshine, salt fog and the like, and can move along the guide rail to change the position applied by the environment, so that the position of a test object does not need to be changed; finally, the deformation plates 45 are mounted at different positions below the lower foundation to simulate uneven settlement of the lower foundation. Through the test means, the problems of structural performance evaluation and disease mechanism of the track structure 40 in the track traffic under the coupling action of environmental multifactor and train load of the track structure 40 in different damage states can be solved.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make several structural features and improvements without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a track structure model test system under environmental load coupling, its characterized in that, track structure model test system includes under the environmental load coupling:
the environment simulation box is arranged in the test section and used for placing a track structure for simulation test and providing preset environment conditions for the track structure;
the loading subassembly, the loading subassembly set up in the test section, the loading subassembly includes a plurality of actuator, the actuator be used for with track structure links to each other, transmits the removal load of simulation train for track structure.
2. The system for testing the model of the track structure under the coupling action of the environmental load as claimed in claim 1, wherein the environmental simulation box is further used for placing a lower foundation of the track structure, and the lower foundation is a roadbed, a bridge or a tunnel model.
3. The system for testing the track structure model under the coupling action of the environmental load as claimed in claim 1, wherein more than two door panels are sequentially arranged in the environmental simulation box at intervals, and the more than two door panels divide the internal space of the environmental simulation box into a plurality of testing environmental spaces.
4. The environmental load coupling track structure model test system according to claim 3, wherein the environmental simulation chamber is movably disposed on the test section, and the door panel is openably disposed in the environmental simulation chamber.
5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a support plate detachably disposed between the environmental simulation chamber and the test section, wherein the support plate is provided with a first slide rail, and the environmental simulation chamber is provided with a first sliding member that moves along the first slide rail; the door plate is an automatic door.
6. The system for testing the track structure model under the coupling action of the environmental load as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loading assembly further comprises more than two reaction frames which are arranged on the test section at intervals, and a longitudinal beam which connects the more than two reaction frames, the actuators comprise more than two vertical actuators which are arranged on the longitudinal beam at intervals; be equipped with the bar mouth on the roof of environment simulation case, vertical actuator passes the bar mouth stretches into be used for behind the environment simulation case with track structure links to each other, transmits the removal load of simulation train for track structure.
7. The system for testing the track structure model under the coupling action of the environmental load according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the environmental simulation box is provided with at least one of a temperature and humidity regulator, a rainfall simulator, an illumination simulator and a salt spray simulator; the track structure model test system under the environment load coupling effect further comprises a sensing and collecting device for obtaining test information of the track structure; the sensing and collecting device comprises a plurality of high-definition cameras, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a fiber grating sensor, a hygrothermograph, a soil pressure cell and a data collecting instrument.
8. A method for testing a track structure model under the coupling action of environmental loads is characterized in that the system for testing the track structure model under the coupling action of the environmental loads as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
when the rail structure is tested, the rail structure is placed in the environment simulation box, the environment simulation box provides preset environment conditions for the rail structure, different natural environment factors are reproduced, meanwhile, the loading assembly synchronously performs loading action, and the loading assembly transmits the moving load of the simulated train to the rail structure.
9. The method for testing the track structure model under the environment load coupling action according to claim 8, wherein the method for testing the track structure model under the environment load coupling action further comprises the following steps:
and synchronously putting a lower foundation below the track structure into the environment simulation box, wherein the lower foundation is positioned below the track structure.
10. The method for testing a track structure model under the coupling action of environmental loads according to claim 9,
when the non-uniform settlement of the roadbed needs to be simulated, the roadbed is taken as the lower foundation, and a deformation plate is placed at the position of the uniform settlement at the bottom of the roadbed to simulate the non-uniform settlement of the roadbed;
when interlayer separation joints between a ballastless track CA mortar layer or a self-compacting concrete layer and a track slab and a base slab need to be simulated, an interlayer separation joint is arranged between the ballastless track CA mortar layer or the self-compacting concrete layer of the track structure and the track slab and the base slab in advance, and the size of the interlayer separation joint is within the range of 0.5cm-5 cm;
when the track slab is required to be simulated to arch, the cushion pieces are placed at the bottom of the arching position of the track structure to simulate the arching of the track slab;
when the cracking phenomenon of the track slab and the base plate needs to be simulated, the cracking of the track slab and the base plate is simulated by setting cracks with different depths and lengths on the track slab and the base plate of the track structure, and then the track structure with the cracks is placed into the environment box.
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