CN111678551A - Method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: 1) constructing a fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle performance test system; 2) and respectively carrying out performance tests on the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell by adopting a performance test system of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell according to test working conditions, and recording test results. The invention has the advantages of considering various test working condition stages, being careful and comprehensive, having high safety, giving test requirements under various test working conditions and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection of vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles of fuel cells, in particular to a method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles of the fuel cells.
Background
The hydrogen energy is recognized as the clean energy with the most development potential in the century because of the advantages of high-efficiency energy conversion, zero pollution emission, renewability and the like. Hydrogen energy resources on the earth are rich and mainly exist in a compound form, and water occupying the area above the surface of the sphere contains rich hydrogen energy.
Hydrogen has a molecular weight of 2.0158, is the lightest gas, has the smallest viscosity, the highest thermal conductivity and extremely active chemical properties, the permeability and diffusivity are strong, the diffusivity is 0.63cm2/s and is about three times of methane, when the steel is exposed to hydrogen at certain temperature and pressure, atomic hydrogen in crystal lattices reacts with carbon in microscopic pores to generate methane, the microscopic pores of steel expand into cracks along with the increase of the generation amount of the methane, so that the steel is damaged by hydrogen embrittlement, the inner container of the conventional hydrogen storage bottle is usually made of 6061 aluminum alloy, meanwhile, the hydrogen is easy to leak in the processes of production, storage, transportation and use because the molecular weight of the hydrogen is extremely small, the compression ratio is far higher than that of the methane, therefore, the working pressure of the energy storage container with the same volume and the hydrogen storage bottle is far higher than that of other fuels, such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas.
In the use of hydrogen, the accumulation of static electricity and the conditions under which the fire is generated should be minimized and eliminated. In view of the characteristics of hydrogen, how to ensure the safe use of the hydrogen storage container under high pressure conditions, especially the reasonable application of the composite material in the hydrogen storage container is the focus of attention at present, a test item which is closest to the actual use state is carried out on the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell by taking high-purity hydrogen as a medium in a hydrogen charging and discharging test, and the influence of hydrogen charging and discharging on the safety performance of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle under extreme working conditions can be verified through the test item.
A Hydrogen circulation test (Hydrogen gas circulation test), namely a Hydrogen charging and discharging test, is a test for performing simulated charging on a vehicle-mounted high-pressure Hydrogen storage bottle by using Hydrogen as a medium, is a test item which is closest to the real use state of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure Hydrogen storage bottle, is generally regarded as the last gateway for verifying the safety performance of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure Hydrogen storage bottle in the industry, and most of the related standards at home and abroad at present put forward the requirements of the Hydrogen charging and discharging test of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure Hydrogen storage bottle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of a fuel cell.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of a fuel cell comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle performance test system;
2) and respectively carrying out performance tests on the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell by adopting a performance test system of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell according to test working conditions, and recording test results.
The performance test system for the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell in the step 2) comprises the following components which are sequentially connected through a pipeline:
high-pressure hydrogen compression device: the system is a pressurization system and is used for providing test hydrogen meeting the test requirements;
high-pressure hydrogen storage device: comprises 2 tables 1m used in a grading cooperation manner395MPa hydrogen storage tank and 2 stations with the diameter of 1.4m3A hydrogen spherical tank of 40 MPa;
hydrogen flow rate adjusting device: the pneumatic high-pressure valve comprises a plurality of air inlet pipelines which are mutually connected in parallel, wherein each air inlet pipeline is provided with an air inlet pipe, a pneumatic high-pressure valve, a flow-limiting pore plate and an air outlet pipe;
an ambient temperature adjusting device: the method is characterized in that the method is an environmental test box, a fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle to be detected is arranged in the environmental test box, and the environmental test box is used for realizing temperature, humidity and pressure regulation required by different test working conditions;
a measuring device: the device is used for acquiring temperature and pressure measuring point data of each device.
Step 3) in, the test condition of fuel cell vehicle-mounted high pressure hydrogen storage bottle capability test includes normal temperature test operating mode, leak hunting operating mode, high temperature test operating mode, low temperature test operating mode and airtight detection operating mode, every operating mode divide into four stages according to the chronogenesis, promptly:
high-pressure hydrogen preparation stage: respectively filling 2 hydrogen storage tanks and 2 hydrogen spherical tanks to working pressure through a press for standby;
and (3) gas cylinder inflation stage: when the gas is filled, firstly, adjusting the temperature of the environmental test chamber to enable the environmental test chamber to reach a required value of a working condition, then sequentially opening a hydrogen balloon tank valve and a hydrogen storage tank valve one by one, opening a gas inlet pipeline, enabling hydrogen to be filled into a to-be-detected fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle in the environmental test chamber, closing each opened valve when the pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle reaches a set value, maintaining the pressure of the gas bottle, and preparing to deflate the gas bottle;
gas cylinder deflation stage: when the gas cylinder is deflated, after a group of tests are finished, the gas cylinder deflation valve is opened, hydrogen is deflated, the hydrogen is exhausted to the atmosphere through the vent pipe, the inflation and deflation cycles of the group of tests are finished, and after each inflation and deflation cycle of the group of tests is finished, the hydrogen is recovered into the storage tank to perform the next inflation and deflation cycle again;
and (3) gas cylinder leak detection stage: and (3) carrying out nitrogen gas tightness test on the gas cylinder, wherein the test pressure is the nominal working pressure of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder of the fuel cell to be tested, and the pressure is maintained for at least 1min under the test pressure.
Before each working condition performance test of the fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, performing nitrogen replacement on the fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle to be detected to exhaust air in the bottle and check air tightness, refilling hydrogen after nitrogen replacement, wherein nitrogen replacement is not less than three cycles, the number of nitrogen replacement cycles is not counted in the cycle process, in the replacement process, when the temperature of the hydrogen is lower than-40 ℃ and the temperature of the bottle wall is lower than-20 ℃, the test is stopped, and when the temperature of the bottle wall is higher than-20 ℃, gas replacement is performed.
And under the normal-temperature test condition, determining parameters of a hydrogen charging stage and a hydrogen discharging stage in a charging and discharging circulation according to the actual hydrogen charging link of the hydrogen charging station.
Under the working condition of a normal-temperature test, the parameters of a hydrogen charging stage and a hydrogen discharging stage in the charging and discharging circulation are as follows:
(1) the parameters of the hydrogen filling stage in the gas filling and discharging cycle specifically comprise:
hydrogen charge amount at the time of pressurization: less than 30 g/s;
pressurization time: 180 s-300 s;
the outer wall of the gas cylinder keeps the stable temperature range after the cylinder wall is charged with hydrogen at the temperature: the temperature is +55 ℃ to +65 ℃;
(2) the parameters of the hydrogen release stage in the inflation and deflation cycle specifically comprise:
temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder: not less than-40 deg.C;
the hydrogen release time is as follows: 10 to 60 seconds.
In the test process of the normal temperature test working condition, the cycle process is not counted in the three tests before hydrogen charging and discharging, the hydrogen charging and discharging process is counted after the cycle temperature of the bottle body is stable, and the test is stopped when the temperature of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell to be detected is lower than minus 20 ℃ again.
In the test process of the high-temperature test working condition, the environment test box simulates the high temperature of 50 ℃ of the limit environment in nature to test, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature in an environment test box is raised to 50 ℃, when the temperature of the outer wall of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell to be detected is consistent with the environment temperature, namely the deviation is less than +/-5 ℃, the test is started, the temperature of the bottle wall is kept to be stabilized between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃ after hydrogen is charged in the test, the temperature of the bottle wall is not lower than 40 ℃ after hydrogen is discharged, the test is stopped immediately when large deviation occurs, and the test is continued after safety is confirmed.
In the low-temperature test working condition test process, the environment test box simulates the low temperature of the limit environment in nature to be 30 ℃ for testing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature in an environment test box is reduced to-30 ℃, when the temperature of the outer wall of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell to be detected is consistent with the environment temperature, namely the deviation is less than +/-5 ℃, the test is started, the temperature of hydrogen is kept between-40 ℃ and 60 ℃ in the test, the temperature of the bottle wall is kept between-15 ℃ and 0 ℃, the temperature of the bottle wall is between-5 ℃ and +/-5 ℃ in the hydrogen charging process, the temperature of the bottle wall is over-30 ℃ in the hydrogen discharging process, the test is stopped immediately when the large deviation occurs, and the test is continued after the safety is confirmed.
In the testing process of different stages under different working conditions, if the overtemperature phenomenon occurs at any node, the hydrogen charging and discharging process is stopped, the testing is continued after the temperature is reduced, the change condition of the hydrogen concentration is monitored, and if the hydrogen concentration exceeds 50ppm and a continuous increase trend exists, the testing is stopped.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method determines parameters of a hydrogen charging stage and a hydrogen discharging stage in a charging and discharging cycle in a performance test of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell through an actual hydrogen charging link of a hydrogen charging station, gives test steps of each time sequence stage under different working conditions, considers the comprehensiveness and safety of the test, and provides a test basis for the performance test of the conventional vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell.
Secondly, although the domestic and foreign standard test control indexes all use pressure as the control index, the invention considers that the filling amount, the filling time and the temperature of the cylinder wall of the gas cylinder are also monitored in the actual test, and respectively determines the attention points under each test working condition on the basis of considering the safety, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the parameters of the hydrogen circulation hydrogen charging link are controlled to be 180-300 s of pressurization time, the hydrogen charging amount is less than 30g/s during pressurization, the outer wall of the gas cylinder keeps the temperature of the cylinder wall as much as possible and is stabilized at +55 ℃ to +65 ℃ after hydrogen charging, the working condition is close to the actual hydrogen charging working condition, and the experimental practice shows that the experimental process is stable and the process is relatively safe;
(2) in the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen release rate is far greater than that in the actual use process, and in order to ensure the safety of the test, temperature control is recommended to be used as a monitoring unit, the temperature of the outer wall of a gas cylinder in the hydrogen release process is not lower than-40 ℃, and the hydrogen release time is generally 10-60 s;
(3) in the process of the environment temperature (normal temperature) cycle test, if the temperature of the bottle wall is lower than-20 ℃, stopping the test, observing, and continuing the test under the condition of ensuring safety;
(4) when the extreme environment high-temperature test is carried out, the temperature in the environment box is raised to 50 ℃, and the test is started after the temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder is consistent with the test environment temperature (the deviation is less than +/-5 ℃); the temperature change of the medium during hydrogen charging and discharging is between-15 and +95 ℃, the temperature of the bottle wall after hydrogen charging is stabilized between +55 and +65 ℃ under the high temperature condition, and the bottle wall after hydrogen discharging is not lower than +40 ℃;
(5) when the extreme environment low-temperature test is carried out, the temperature in the environment box is reduced to-30 ℃, and the test is started after the temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder is consistent with the test environment temperature (the deviation is less than +/-5 ℃); the temperature of the medium changes between minus 40 ℃ and plus 60 ℃ during hydrogen charging and the temperature of the bottle wall between minus 5 ℃ and plus 5 ℃ during hydrogen charging, the temperature of the bottle wall is above minus 30 ℃ and mostly between minus 10 ℃ and minus 20 ℃ during hydrogen discharging, if a large deviation occurs, the test should be stopped immediately, observed, and the test is continued under the condition of confirming safety;
(6) when measuring the temperature of the bottle wall, taking the temperature of the outer wall of the bottle wall as a measured value in the test process;
(7) in the test process, once any node has an overtemperature phenomenon, the hydrogen charging and discharging process is immediately stopped, and after the temperature is reduced to a reasonable value, the test is continued. The hydrogen concentration change condition of each station needs to be closely monitored in the whole hydrogen charging and discharging process, the leakage detecting process, the temperature rising and reducing process and the gas supplementing process of the system, and if the hydrogen concentration change condition exceeds 50ppm and has a continuous growth trend, the test is stopped to investigate the reason.
Thirdly, because the medium for testing the service life and the safety performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle carried by the fuel cell vehicle in the prior art is liquid (such as deionized water or hydraulic oil), when the pressure cycle of the liquid medium is carried out, the specific heat capacity of the liquid cycle medium is large, the temperature change of the bottle wall is small under the test condition, the bottle body material only bears the pressure alternating load, the performance of bearing the temperature alternating load cannot be verified, even if the leakage occurs, the leakage medium cannot generate explosion risk, and the test risk is small, however, in order to be closer to the actual test requirement, the test medium adopted by the invention is hydrogen, because the specific heat capacity of the hydrogen is far lower than that of the liquid medium, in the pressure cycle process, the temperature of the bottle wall can rapidly rise and fall in a short time due to the gas acting (including the positive work and the negative work), and the temperature alternating load is increased besides the pressure alternating load for the test of the bottle, the bottle body material is easier to lose efficacy and leak than the liquid used as a test medium, and meanwhile, because the hydrogen medium is flammable and explosive, once the leakage occurs, explosion risks can be generated, and great test dangerousness is brought.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a test system.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the measurement points in the room temperature test 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the measurement points in the room temperature test 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the test points for the high temperature test.
FIG. 5 is a plot of the various test points for the low temperature test.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
The invention provides a method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of a fuel cell, which is specifically explained as follows:
1. introduction to Hydrogen Charge and discharge Performance
At present, the product standards applied to the manufacture of vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles abroad mainly comprise GTR 13, ISO 19881, EN406, SAE J2579 and the like, and the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles manufactured in China must meet the requirements of GB/T35544-. For convenience of explanation, the present study will be described by taking 35MPa, type iii or type IV bottles as examples, and comparing the above criteria to the list of hydrogen filling and discharging test requirements for the vehicle-mounted high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of hydrogen filling and discharging test requirements of domestic and overseas vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles
2. In-use hydrogenation process of hydrogenation station
At present, hydrogenation stations are mainly distributed in Shanghai, Guangdong and the like in China, according to research and research, the earliest operated hydrogenation station is a Shanghai' an pavilion hydrogenation station which is initially built in the Shanghai world expo stage in 2010, and after the later world expo stage is finished, the city government integrally moves the station for carrying out hydrogenation on vehicles in the world expo district at that time to the safety pavilion, namely the current pavilion hydrogenation station, according to the requirements of safety factors and industrial demonstration development.
In the invention, the research on the hydrogen charging and discharging test close to the real charging state is carried out, and the hydrogenation station and the hydrogenation process thereof are researched, so that the aim is to know some data among the actual environment temperature, the charging pressure and the charging time in the real charging state.
Table 2 shows typical data collected after the hydrogenation process of the hydrogen station in the ann pavilion is investigated, and in order to protect the privacy of the owner, partial information is hidden in this example.
The filling process is generally from 5MPa to 35MPa, and some of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders are 3X 140L groups, and some of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders are 8X 140L groups, and are mainly used for logistics vehicles, postal vehicles and freight vehicles. Generally, at 20 ℃, after 35MPa140L is filled, the hydrogen storage capacity can be about 3.96kg, but since the vehicle-mounted gas cylinder is not filled every time the gas is used up, and the gas cylinder and medium temperature rise during filling, the increase after hydrogenation is 2.5 kg/gas cylinder.
TABLE 2 actual hydrogenation process data for a hydroprocessing plant
From the actual charging data in the table above, it is worth referencing to the following data, under the actual charging condition, the charging time of a 3 × 140L group of gas cylinders is generally 4.29min (5min18s), the charging time of an 8 × 140L group of gas cylinders is generally 8.92min (8min55s), and the charging time of a single vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is controlled to be 3-5 min (i.e. 180 s-300 s), which is reasonable from the perspective of engineering experience.
In addition, the charging amount of 3X 140L is 14.74g/s, the charging amount of 8X 140L is 23.64g/s, and under the condition of considering the hydrogen charging and discharging test, a single 140L/35MPa gas cylinder is charged from 0 pressure to 43.75MPa, the hydrogen capacity is 4.46kg at minus 30 ℃, the charging time is not more than 3min (180s), and the average hydrogen charging amount is 24.78g/s, so the charging data of the hydrogen charging amount less than 30g/s is taken as the reference data of the hydrogen charging and discharging test in the present example.
After the gas cylinder is filled, the temperature of a sensor (generally, the temperature of a medium at the cylinder valve and a cylinder opening can be measured) arranged on the vehicle-mounted display cylinder valve generally reaches about 60 ℃, and the wall temperature of the gas cylinder in the embodiment takes the maximum temperature rise temperature of hydrogen as a reference value of 85 ℃ in consideration of the heat transfer characteristics of metal and carbon fiber and the design and use temperature requirement of the gas cylinder.
3. Hydrogen charging and discharging test for vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of fuel cell
3.1 testing procedure for hydrogen filling and discharging of vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle
The brief introduction of the process flow is as follows:
the process flow diagram of the test system is shown in fig. 1, and the main facilities of the test system comprise: the device comprises a high-pressure hydrogen compression device, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen flow regulating device, an environment temperature regulating device, a pipeline and a measuring device.
The high-pressure hydrogen compression device mainly comprises a compressor and a regulating system thereof. The system adopts the equipment of the original factory, the highest output pressure reaches 100MPa, and the test requirements are met.
The high-pressure hydrogen storage device adopts 2 stations and 1m3A 95MPa horizontal container and 2 stands of 1.4m3The/40 MPa spherical tank is matched and used in a grading way.
The hydrogen flow regulator includes mainly gas inlet pipe, pneumatic high pressure valve, flow limiting pore plate, gas outlet pipe, pipeline and other equipment. The air inlet pipe is divided into a plurality of paths, each path is sequentially connected with the pneumatic high-pressure valve and the flow-limiting orifice plate through a pipeline, and then all paths of branch pipes are combined into a pipeline of the air outlet pipe.
The environment temperature adjusting device is mainly an environment test box, a test gas cylinder is placed in the environment test box, the internal temperature can be adjusted to be-40-90 ℃, the temperature is kept at a set temperature point, and the internal volume is about 3m3And the test requirements are met.
The pipeline is mainly a high-pressure pipeline between a high-pressure hydrogen compression device, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device and a test gas cylinder.
The measuring device mainly comprises temperature and pressure measuring points of each area and a data acquisition and storage device. The measured points mainly comprise the temperature T22 in the gas cylinder, the pressure P23 in the gas cylinder, the surface temperature T25 of the gas cylinder and the temperature HJXT1 in the environmental box. The system can record and store data during the test in real time.
Test conditions and stages:
the gas charging and discharging test of each gas cylinder is carried out in four stages according to time sequence, and the gas charging and discharging test is divided into a high-pressure hydrogen preparation stage, a gas cylinder gas charging stage, a gas cylinder gas discharging stage and a gas cylinder leakage detection stage; the four stages are divided into a normal temperature test stage, a leak detection stage, a high temperature test stage, a low temperature test stage and an air tightness test stage according to working conditions. The working principle of the whole test system is as follows:
1) high pressure hydrogen preparation stage
In the test preparation stage, 2 stations of 1m of low-pressure hydrogen in the plant area are respectively pressed by a press3A 95MPa horizontal container and 2 stands of 1.4m3And filling the spherical tank with the pressure of 40MPa to working pressure for later use.
2) Gas cylinder filling phase
When the inflation is started, the temperature of the environmental chamber is firstly adjusted to reach the required working condition value (normal temperature, 50 ℃ and minus 30 ℃). Then, valves QV003, QV004 and valves QV001 and QV002 of a hydrogen spherical tank (3# and 4#) of 40MPa, a hydrogen storage tank (1# and 2#) of 95MPa are opened one by one in sequence; opening valves QV 101-QV 103 (one of the valves) of the hydrogen passing flow regulator; and opening the valve QV113, filling the gas into a test gas cylinder in an environment box, closing the opened valves when the pressure of the gas cylinder reaches 43.75MPa, maintaining the pressure of the gas cylinder, and preparing to deflate the gas cylinder.
3) Gas cylinder deflation phase
When the air release of the air bottle is started, the valves QV113 and QV112 are opened, the hydrogen is released to the air, and the hydrogen is discharged to the atmosphere through the release pipe, so that one air release and charge cycle is completed, and the next air release and charge process is prepared.
4) Gas cylinder leak detection stage
And after the process is finished for the specified times, the gas cylinder is subjected to leak detection, the gas cylinder is placed in a leak detection device, 40.25MPa hydrogen is filled for leak detection, and after the leak detection lasts for 30 hours, the local leak rate is detected according to the detection result. And after the leak detection is finished, emptying the gas cylinder and preparing for the next-stage test.
5) Air tightness test
And (3) carrying out nitrogen gas tightness test on the gas cylinder, wherein the test pressure is 35MPa, and the pressure is maintained for at least 1min under the test pressure. Leakage due to assembly allows rework testing after rework.
3.2 Experimental notes
1) And (5) checking a test gas cylinder hydrostatic test qualification report before carrying out the test.
2) The test cylinder must be nitrogen purged to exhaust the air from the cylinder prior to testing.
3) The pressure and temperature values are strictly controlled during the gas charging and discharging process and the gas replenishing process of the hydrogen storage system
The pressure value of the valve control gas is maintained between 0.60MPa and 0.75 MPa.
The pressure of the 3# and 4# spherical tanks is not more than 40MPa (preferably about 39 MPa), and the pressure of the 1# and 2# horizontal tanks is not more than 95 MPa.
The pressure value in the test gas cylinder is kept between 43.75MPa +/-1 MPa when the gas is filled, and is kept between 2MPa +/-1 MPa when the gas is deflated.
The temperature value in the T22 bottle is not more than 85 ℃ when the bottle is inflated, and is not less than-40 ℃ when the bottle is deflated. And once the over-temperature phenomenon occurs, stopping the air charging and discharging process immediately, and continuing when the temperature is reduced to a reasonable value.
4) At least one group of air inlet valves of the storage tank is ensured to be in an open state in the process of supplying air to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.
5) The hydrogen concentration change condition of each station needs to be closely monitored in the whole gas charging and discharging process, the leak detection process, the temperature rising and reducing process and the gas supplementing process of the system, and if the hydrogen concentration change condition exceeds 50ppm and has a continuous growth trend, the test is required to be stopped for checking reasons.
The whole process of inflation and deflation needs to be monitored:
ambient box station hydrogen concentration
Station hydrogen concentration of gas distribution room
The leak detection process needs to be monitored in the whole process:
station hydrogen concentration leak detection
6) The inflation and deflation test procedure requires manual recording of time and temperature pressure values for key nodes, such as time of inflation start and end, time of deflation start and end, temperature T22, T25 and pressure P16(P23) of the cylinders at the above time points, and temperature HJXT1 within the environmental chamber.
7) When the working condition is detected, the temperature in the environmental test box needs to be manually recorded, the current temperature in the water tank and the current pressure value in the gas cylinder are recorded every 1 hour, the temperature of the water tank needs to be ensured not to be lower than 55 ℃ in the test, and if the temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the electric heater is turned on for heat supplement.
8) After the task on the day of the inflation and deflation test was completed (and continued the next day), attention was paid to the HV101 valve being closed and the respective operating gas pressure relief being closed.
9) After the high-temperature working condition and the low-temperature working condition are finished, no matter the working condition is changed or the test is finished, the environmental box door is not required to be opened immediately, and the operation is carried out after the temperature in the environmental box is recovered to the normal temperature.
10) Before the station is switched, nitrogen replacement must be carried out on the test gas cylinder, and the gas cylinder can be disassembled after the test gas cylinder is qualified.
Safety measures for testing
1) The whole test system is built in an explosion-proof area, each station is provided with a fan, and if hydrogen leakage occurs, the diffusion of hydrogen to the atmosphere is accelerated, the volume concentration of indoor hydrogen is reduced, and explosion is avoided.
2) Each station is provided with a camera monitoring system and a hydrogen concentration probe. In the test process, the numerical value of the hydrogen concentration probe is strictly monitored, when the concentration probe judges that the concentration probe is abnormal, the test is immediately stopped, the gas is released in time, the pressure in the gas cylinder is reduced, and the test is carried out after the leakage point is searched and maintained.
3) The test system adopts pneumatic valve remote control. During the test, except for opening the manual stop valve during early preparation and closing the manual stop valve after the test is finished, all personnel can not stay in a test area during the test, and an operator needs to stay in a test control room.
4) When the gas cylinder needs to be checked in case of abnormal conditions, the pressure is completely released, and the operation check under pressure is not needed.
5) And (4) pulling a warning line around the site during the test, and strictly prohibiting personnel from entering the test site.
3.3 detection of hydrogen charging and discharging performance of high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle for fuel cell vehicle
In this example, according to the detection method, a test gas cylinder was subjected to a gas filling and discharging test under a normal temperature condition, a pressure maintaining leak detection for 30 hours, a gas filling and discharging test under a high temperature condition, and a gas filling and discharging test under a low temperature condition, and after the tests were completed, gas tightness detection was performed.
(1) Hydrogen charging and discharging test for vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle under normal temperature condition
Exploratory property test: during the test under the normal temperature condition, in order to ensure the test safety, the gas cylinder is replaced and the gas tightness is checked for several times before the whole test is started, and the temperature of the gas cylinder is reduced after the gas is discharged.
Then, the first pressure cycle was carried out, after degassing, the medium temperature was found to be below-40 ℃ and the wall temperature below-30 ℃, for safety reasons, the test was continued while the wall temperature was kept around-20 ℃ and stopped for about half an hour.
After the second pressure cycle, the medium temperature is reduced to-40 ℃ again, the bottle wall temperature is lower than-10 ℃, the test is selected again to stop for about half an hour, the test is continued after the bottle body temperature is increased, then the medium temperature and the bottle wall temperature are stable, the medium temperature is stable at-20 ℃ (after hydrogen is released), the bottle wall temperature is basically stable above 20 ℃, continuous tests are adopted, and relevant test data are shown in figure 2.
After the exploratory test is completed, the tester passes through a second group of normal-temperature hydrogen charging and discharging tests to acquire related data. After the normal temperature test 1 is completed, the gas supply operation is performed on the hydrogen storage tank, and then the normal temperature test 2 is performed, and the relevant data are shown in fig. 3.
From the above test data, it can be seen that under the normal temperature test condition, when the hydrogen charging and discharging test of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure bottle is just started, the temperature of the bottle wall can be reduced to below-40 ℃, after three to four cycles, the temperature of the bottle wall is basically stabilized between 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ after the hydrogen charging, and the temperature of the bottle wall is stabilized above 20 ℃ after the hydrogen discharging.
In order to ensure the safety of the test, the gas replacement in the bottle is indispensable, whether the temperature change in the early stage of the test is obvious or not should be included in the test process is questionable, and it is clear in suggesting a standard scheme that the cycle process should not be included in the three tests before the hydrogen charging and discharging, and the hydrogen charging and discharging process should be included after the circulating temperature of the bottle is stable.
(2) High-temperature hydrogen charging and discharging test for vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle in extreme environment
The extreme environment high temperature in the test is 50 ℃ condition, and simulates the setting of the extreme environment temperature in nature. Before testing, the environment temperature box where the gas cylinder is located is heated, the temperature in the environment temperature box is 50 ℃, and relevant data are shown in figure 4.
The tests show that the wall temperature of the bottle exceeds 50 ℃ in the hydrogen charging and discharging test under the high-temperature condition of the extreme environment, which is not in accordance with the requirements of GB/T9252 that the wall temperature of the bottle is not higher than 50 ℃. According to the GB/T9252 specification, a test medium is a non-corrosive liquid, in a laboratory environment, deionized water or non-corrosive hydraulic oil is mainly used as the test medium, hydrogen is gas, the temperature rise of the non-corrosive liquid is different, according to the actual measurement result, under the condition of extreme high temperature, the temperature of the medium does not exceed 85 ℃ after the hydrogen is boosted, the temperature is consistent with the known maximum temperature rise temperature of 85 ℃ of hydrogen, meanwhile, the temperature of the bottle wall is stabilized between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, the temperature of the bottle wall is not lower than 40 ℃ after hydrogen is released, and the temperature is taken as the acceptable safe temperature in the hydrogen charging and discharging test.
(3) Low-temperature hydrogen charging and discharging test for vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle in extreme environment
The extreme low temperature in the test is-30 ℃ and simulates the setting of the extreme environmental temperature in nature. Before testing, the ambient temperature box in which the gas cylinder is located is cooled, the temperature in the ambient temperature box reaches-30 ℃, and relevant data are shown in figure 5.
In a limit environment low-temperature hydrogen charging and discharging test, the set value of an environment box is adjusted to be low in consideration of the influence of the temperature rise of a gas cylinder on the environment box when the gas cylinder is charged, the heat transfer of the gas cylinder on the environment box during charging and discharging is still large, the temperature of the environment box is still enabled to fluctuate greatly when the gas cylinder is charged and discharged, sometimes the temperature of the environment box exceeds-30 ℃ when the gas cylinder is charged, the temperature of the environment box is lower than-30 ℃ when the gas cylinder is discharged, and the temperature of the environment box.
The test research shows that in the hydrogen charging and discharging test under the condition of low temperature in the extreme environment, the medium temperature changes greatly, the difference between the upper temperature and the lower temperature reaches about 100 ℃ (-40-60 ℃), in the process of the continuous hydrogen charging and discharging experiment, the temperature of the bottle wall can be maintained between minus 15 ℃ and 0 ℃, the temperature of the bottle wall is between minus 5 ℃ and plus 5 ℃ when hydrogen is charged, when hydrogen is discharged, the temperature of the bottle wall is above minus 30 ℃, most of the temperature is between minus 10 ℃ and minus 20 ℃, however, if the test is stopped, the temperature of the bottle wall is reduced along with the ambient temperature, the temperature in the ambient box is greatly influenced by the temperature rise of the hydrogen charging and discharging gas and is difficult to maintain at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, therefore, in the similar setting of the temperature in the test process, the temperature was set to-30 ℃ at the start of the test and the ambient temperature box was not kept at-30 ℃ all the time during the test.
In summary, this example shows the following results by performing actual hydrogen charging and discharging tests on the vehicle-mounted high-pressure type III hydrogen storage bottle with model number of 1711A012, CGHI 374B-140-35, with nominal working pressure of 35MPa and volume of 140L:
1. in order to ensure the safety of the test, the gas in the bottle is replaced by nitrogen before the test, a test medium, namely hydrogen, is flushed after the replacement, the replacement process of the hydrogen is not less than three times of cycles, the replacement cycle test is not counted in the cycle process, the test is stopped in the replacement process, if the temperature of the medium is lower than-40 ℃ and the temperature of the bottle wall is lower than-20 ℃, and the gas replacement is carried out when the temperature of the bottle wall is higher than-20 ℃.
2. And (4) carrying out normal-temperature cycle test after the replacement cycle is finished, wherein in the cycle test process, if the temperature of the bottle wall is lower than-20 ℃ again, the test is still stopped, and the test is continued under the condition of ensuring safety by observing.
3. When an extreme environment high-temperature test is carried out, the temperature in the environment box is increased to 50 ℃, and the test is started after the temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder is consistent with the environment temperature; during the test, the wall temperature is kept stable between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃ after hydrogen is charged as far as possible, the wall temperature is not lower than 40 ℃ after hydrogen is discharged, if a large deviation occurs, the test is stopped immediately, the test is observed, and the test is continued after safety conditions are confirmed.
4. When the extreme environment low-temperature test is carried out, the temperature in the environment box is reduced to-30 ℃, and the test is started after the temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder is consistent with the environment temperature; the temperature change of the medium is kept between minus 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ when hydrogen is charged and discharged, the temperature of the bottle wall can be kept between minus 15 ℃ and 0 ℃, the temperature of the bottle wall is between minus 5 ℃ and plus 5 ℃ when hydrogen is charged, the temperature of the bottle wall is above minus 30 ℃ and mostly between minus 10 ℃ and minus 20 ℃ when hydrogen is discharged, if large deviation occurs, the test is stopped immediately, observed and continued under the condition of safety confirmation.
5. After the test of each working condition stage is completed, pressure maintaining leakage detection is carried out.
6. When measuring the wall temperature, the outer wall temperature is the measured value during the test.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) constructing a fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle performance test system;
2) and respectively carrying out performance tests on the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell by adopting a performance test system of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell according to test working conditions, and recording test results.
2. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the performance testing system for the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell in the step 2) comprises the following components which are connected in sequence through a pipeline:
high-pressure hydrogen compression device: the system is a pressurization system and is used for providing test hydrogen meeting the test requirements;
high-pressure hydrogen storage device: comprises 2 tables 1m used in a grading cooperation manner395MPa hydrogen storage tank and 2 stations with the diameter of 1.4m3A hydrogen spherical tank of 40 MPa;
hydrogen flow rate adjusting device: the pneumatic high-pressure valve comprises a plurality of air inlet pipelines which are mutually connected in parallel, wherein each air inlet pipeline is provided with an air inlet pipe, a pneumatic high-pressure valve, a flow-limiting pore plate and an air outlet pipe;
an ambient temperature adjusting device: the method is characterized in that the method is an environmental test box, a fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle to be detected is arranged in the environmental test box, and the environmental test box is used for realizing temperature, humidity and pressure regulation required by different test working conditions;
a measuring device: the device is used for acquiring temperature and pressure measuring point data of each device.
3. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 3), the testing conditions of the performance test of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell comprise a normal temperature testing condition, a leak detection condition, a high temperature testing condition, a low temperature testing condition and an air tightness detection condition, and each condition is divided into four stages according to a time sequence, namely:
high-pressure hydrogen preparation stage: respectively filling 2 hydrogen storage tanks and 2 hydrogen spherical tanks to working pressure through a press for standby;
and (3) gas cylinder inflation stage: when the gas is filled, firstly, adjusting the temperature of the environmental test chamber to enable the environmental test chamber to reach a required value of a working condition, then sequentially opening a hydrogen balloon tank valve and a hydrogen storage tank valve one by one, opening a gas inlet pipeline, enabling hydrogen to be filled into a to-be-detected fuel cell vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle in the environmental test chamber, closing each opened valve when the pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle reaches a set value, maintaining the pressure of the gas bottle, and preparing to deflate the gas bottle;
gas cylinder deflation stage: when the gas cylinder is deflated, after a group of tests are finished, the gas cylinder deflation valve is opened, hydrogen is deflated, the hydrogen is exhausted to the atmosphere through the vent pipe, the inflation and deflation cycles of the group of tests are finished, and after each inflation and deflation cycle of the group of tests is finished, the hydrogen is recovered into the storage tank to perform the next inflation and deflation cycle again;
and (3) gas cylinder leak detection stage: and (3) carrying out nitrogen gas tightness test on the gas cylinder, wherein the test pressure is the nominal working pressure of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder of the fuel cell to be tested, and the pressure is maintained for at least 1min under the test pressure.
4. The method for detecting hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle on the vehicle of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of conducting nitrogen replacement to exhaust air in the bottle and checking airtightness of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle to be detected before conducting performance tests on various working conditions of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle on the vehicle of the fuel cell, then charging hydrogen after nitrogen replacement, conducting nitrogen replacement for not less than three times, and not counting the number of nitrogen replacement cycles in the cycle process, in the replacement process, when the temperature of hydrogen is lower than-40 ℃ and the temperature of the bottle wall is lower than-20 ℃, stopping the test, and conducting gas replacement when the temperature of the bottle wall is higher than-20 ℃.
5. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle on the fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the parameters of the hydrogen charging stage and the hydrogen discharging stage in the charging and discharging cycle are determined according to the actual hydrogen charging link of the hydrogen charging station under the normal temperature test condition.
6. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder on the vehicle of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein under the normal temperature test condition, the parameters of the hydrogen charging stage and the hydrogen discharging stage in the charging and discharging cycle are as follows:
(1) the parameters of the hydrogen filling stage in the gas filling and discharging cycle specifically comprise:
hydrogen charge amount at the time of pressurization: less than 30 g/s;
pressurization time: 180 s-300 s;
the outer wall of the gas cylinder keeps the stable temperature range after the cylinder wall is charged with hydrogen at the temperature: the temperature is +55 ℃ to +65 ℃;
(2) the parameters of the hydrogen release stage in the inflation and deflation cycle specifically comprise:
temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder: not less than-40 deg.C;
the hydrogen release time is as follows: 10 to 60 seconds.
7. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle on the fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the normal temperature test working condition test process, the cycle process is not counted in three tests before hydrogen charging and discharging, after the bottle body cycle temperature is stable, the hydrogen charging and discharging process is counted, and when the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle on the fuel cell vehicle to be detected is lower than-20 ℃ again, the test is stopped.
8. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle carried by the fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the high-temperature test working condition test process, the environmental test box simulates 50 ℃ of the limit environmental high temperature in nature to perform the test, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature in an environment test box is raised to 50 ℃, when the temperature of the outer wall of the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell to be detected is consistent with the environment temperature, namely the deviation is less than +/-5 ℃, the test is started, the temperature of the bottle wall is kept to be stabilized between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃ after hydrogen is charged in the test, the temperature of the bottle wall is not lower than 40 ℃ after hydrogen is discharged, the test is stopped immediately when large deviation occurs, and the test is continued after safety is confirmed.
9. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle carried by the fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the low-temperature test working condition test process, the environmental test box simulates the limit environment in nature to carry out the test at the low temperature of-30 ℃, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature in an environment test box is reduced to-30 ℃, when the temperature of the outer wall of a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell to be detected is consistent with the environment temperature, namely the deviation is less than +/-5 ℃, the test is started, the temperature of hydrogen is kept between-40 ℃ and 60 ℃ in the test, the temperature of the bottle wall is kept between-15 ℃ and 0 ℃, the temperature of the bottle wall is between-5 ℃ and +/-5 ℃ in the hydrogen charging process, the temperature of the bottle wall is over-30 ℃ in the hydrogen discharging process, the test is stopped immediately when the large deviation occurs, and the test is continued after the safety is confirmed.
10. The method for detecting the hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle on the fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the testing process of different stages under different working conditions, if an overtemperature phenomenon occurs at any node, the hydrogen charging and discharging process is stopped, the testing is continued after the temperature is reduced, the change condition of the hydrogen concentration is monitored, and if the hydrogen concentration exceeds 50ppm and has a continuous increasing trend, the testing is stopped.
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