CN111677683A - Method and device for testing pneumatic performance of micro fan based on flow compensation method - Google Patents
Method and device for testing pneumatic performance of micro fan based on flow compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for testing the pneumatic performance of a miniature fan based on a flow compensation method, wherein the method and the device comprise a plurality of measuring pipelines, 1 laminar flow element is arranged on each measuring pipeline, and each measuring pipeline can be independently communicated or can be communicated in a combined mode to obtain a required flow point. The flow compensation unit contains corresponding pipelines and laminar flow elements in the flow measurement unit. Each flow measuring pipeline is connected with the flow compensation pipeline through a three-way ball valve, and the other outlet of the three-way ball valve is connected to the collecting container. When the device works, the regulating valve is fixed at a certain opening degree and then is kept unchanged, and the three-way ball valve is used for controlling the connection and the closing of each measuring pipeline so as to change the testing flow. The three-way ball valve is connected with a measuring pipeline or a compensating pipeline, the flow of the two pipelines is in a complementary relation, the working condition of the auxiliary fan is almost unchanged, the adjusting method can obtain more accurate flow points, the device has high testing efficiency and accurate measuring data, and is suitable for testing the pneumatic performance of the micro flow fan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fan performance testing, in particular to a method and a device for testing the pneumatic performance of a miniature fan based on a flow compensation method.
Background
With the miniaturization of electronic equipment, the fan in the heat dissipation system also has the requirements of miniaturization, and the air quantity and the air pressure parameter of the miniature fan are smaller and lower. Meanwhile, the existing fan pneumatic performance testing technology and device need to be improved and updated to meet the production and use requirements of the fan.
In the field of fan aerodynamic performance testing, a more common standard is the American national standards organization Ventilation and air Conditioning Association, laboratory methods of Fan rating Performance testing, ANSI/AMCA210/ASHRAE 51-2007. The Chinese standard GB/T1236-2000 'Standard air duct for Industrial ventilator Performance test' is a standard commonly used in the field of domestic fans. The standard generally recommends that a flow nozzle is adopted for flow measurement, in order to meet wide-range flow measurement, a multi-nozzle combination mode is adopted, relatively detailed specifications are given for nozzle appearance design, multi-nozzle arrangement requirements and the like in the standard, and a flow correction coefficient calculation formula for the flow nozzle is also given, but the formula has a Reynolds number application range, and cannot be directly used for a micro fan with micro flow. In addition, the machining difficulty of the micro throat nozzle is high, and the use of the micro throat nozzle in micro gas flow is limited. Other suitable flow measurement techniques may be used as specified in the standards, and the selection of flow points is suggested, but no flow regulation method is specified.
The laminar flow measurement technology works based on the principle that the flow passing through a laminar flow element is in a linear relation with the pressure drop, has the characteristics of accurate measurement, good repeatability, wide range ratio, stability, reliability, low requirement on a straight pipe section and the like, is very suitable for measuring the micro gas flow, and is also suitable for being used as a standard flowmeter. However, the laminar flow element generally has a large pressure loss, so when the laminar flow element is used for fan performance testing, the pressure loss of the laminar flow element needs to be controlled as much as possible in design.
The fan testing system generally adopts a flow regulating valve to regulate the flow, and can also regulate the flow by changing the rotating speed of a fan motor. The current fan testing system is usually automatically controlled, that is, the fan testing system automatically tests according to a set flow point under the control of a computer, and thus, the flow needs to be automatically adjusted and controlled. Because the characteristics of the flow regulating valve and the fan are non-linear, the automatic control is not easy to obtain good effect, the regulation time is long, the accuracy is not good, and even the condition of being not easy to stabilize appears. In addition, the flow range of the test system is large, the auxiliary fan often works unstably under the working condition of small flow, sometimes two fans with different sizes need to be matched to solve the problem, and the complexity of the equipment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of micro flow measurement and automatic flow regulation in a micro fan pneumatic performance test system, the invention provides a micro fan pneumatic performance test method and a device based on a flow compensation method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the device for testing the pneumatic performance of the miniature fan based on the flow compensation method comprises an air equalizing chamber, a flow measuring unit, a flow compensation unit, a collecting container, a regulating valve, an auxiliary fan and a sensing, measuring and controlling system. The flow measurement unit comprises a plurality of measurement pipelines with different flow ranges, the flow is measured by adopting a laminar flow method, and each pipeline is provided with 1 laminar flow element, 1 three-way ball valve, a corresponding pressure sampling pipe and a corresponding electromagnetic valve; the flow compensation unit comprises a pipeline, a laminar flow element and a compensation chamber which correspond to the flow measurement unit; the sensing and measuring and controlling system comprises a micro differential pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a measuring and controlling unit and a computer.
In the fan testing process, air flow sequentially enters the pressure equalizing chamber, the flow measuring pipeline, the three-way ball valve, the collecting container and the regulating valve through a tested fan and is finally discharged through the auxiliary fan. The flow is measured by the flow measurement unit, and the wind pressure of the measured fan is led out to the pressure sensor for measurement through the wind equalizing chamber.
The laminar flow element specification and the flow range of each measuring pipeline are generally different, and each pipeline can be independently communicated or can be communicated in a combined mode to obtain a required flow point.
According to the laminar flow measurement principle, the flow of the laminar flow element is in direct proportion to the pressure drop of the upstream and the downstream of the laminar flow element, and the flow is calculated according to the measured differential pressure of the Hagen-Poiseuille formula. The air viscosity required in the calculation is calculated and obtained by an air viscosity physical property formula according to the data of the temperature, the humidity and the atmospheric pressure measured by the sensor. The wind pressure of the tested fan is led out to the pressure sensor through the pressure taking hole arranged in the wind equalizing chamber to be measured.
The L-shaped three-way ball valve is used for controlling whether each flow measuring pipeline is communicated or not to adjust the flow. The three-way ball valve is connected with the measuring pipeline or the compensating pipeline, the measuring pipeline and the compensating pipeline are in a complementary relation, if the influence of the measured fan is neglected, the impedance of the whole pipeline system is kept unchanged, the flow flowing through the whole pipeline system is kept unchanged, the working condition of the auxiliary fan is unchanged, and therefore more accurate flow points can be obtained by connecting different measuring pipelines.
The reason laminar flow measurement is chosen is that it is well suited for small gas flow measurements. In addition, the flow in the laminar flow method is in direct proportion to the pressure drop at two ends of the laminar flow element, and the flow combination of the laminar flow element (each measuring pipeline) is convenient. Each laminar flow element contains a plurality of capillaries, and the lengths and the inner diameters of the capillaries in the laminar flow elements are completely the same, but the difference is the number of the capillaries; and each measuring pipeline is completely the same as the laminar flow element in the corresponding flow compensation pipeline. Therefore, under the condition of the same differential pressure, the flow of each layer of flow element is in direct proportion to the number of the capillaries, and the flow combination model of each flow measuring pipeline is linear, so that the combination is simple and reliable. If other types of flowmeters are selected and the flow compensation method is applied, the flow regulation can also be realized, and the regulation accuracy is lower than that of a laminar flow method.
And the upper flow elements of all the flow measuring pipelines share the same micro differential pressure sensor, if a certain flow measuring pipeline is connected, the electronic valve on the pressure sampling pipe is simultaneously opened to connect the pressure sampling pipe, and if not, the electronic valve is closed.
The signals of the micro differential pressure sensor, the pressure sensor and the atmospheric pressure and temperature pressure sensor are collected by the measurement and control unit, and the measured data are processed, analyzed, displayed and output by the computer. The measurement and control unit controls the three-way ball valve and the electromagnetic valve to act simultaneously, and the measurement process is completed under the control of a computer program.
The auxiliary fan is used for overcoming the flow resistance of the flow measurement pipeline and ensuring that the fan to be measured can reach the maximum flow working condition.
The function of the regulating valve is to regulate the overall impedance of the whole pipeline system to meet the measurement requirement. When the fan is tested, the three-way ball valves are adjusted to be in a connection state of a measuring pipeline, the auxiliary fan is started, then the adjusting valve is adjusted to be in a proper opening degree, the pressure at the pressure measuring point of the air equalizing chamber is zero, and the tested fan reaches the working condition of maximum flow. And then, the auxiliary fan and the regulating valve are not adjusted, and the measuring and controlling unit controls the three-way ball valve to close and connect the measuring pipelines in sequence to obtain required flow points according to the program set by the computer so as to finish the measuring process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention provides a flow compensation method, based on the method, the total impedance of the whole pipeline system is unchanged, the flow adjustment required by measurement can be realized through the combination of opening or closing of each measurement pipeline, the flow adjustment method is simple, reliable, rapid and accurate, and the working efficiency of a test system can be improved.
2) The laminar flow technology is adopted for flow measurement, and the small gas flow can be accurately measured.
3) The capillary tube specifications in each laminar flow element are consistent, and the flow of each laminar flow element is in direct proportion to the number of capillary tubes under the condition of the same differential pressure, so that a flow combination model between each measuring pipeline is simple and linear, and the flow regulation in the measuring process is ensured to be rapid and accurate.
4) The laminar flow element is adopted for flow measurement, long upstream and downstream straight pipe sections are not needed, and the device is compact in structure.
5) Because the flow is in direct proportion to the differential pressure on two sides of the laminar flow element, under the same measuring range of the micro differential pressure sensor, the measuring range ratio can be larger than that of a flow nozzle (the flow and the differential pressure are in a quadratic relation).
6) In the measuring process, the auxiliary fan is in a better working condition range, the operation is stable, and the stability of air flow in a fan testing pipeline is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow compensation method for testing the aerodynamic performance of a micro fan;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flow measurement circuit and a flow compensation circuit;
the various reference numbers in the figures:
100-a flow measurement unit; 200-flow compensation unit
1-a fan to be tested; 2-air equalizing chamber; 3-a collection vessel; 4-adjusting the valve; 5-auxiliary fan; 6-micro differential pressure sensor; 7-a pressure sensor; 8-atmospheric pressure and temperature and humidity sensors; 9-a measurement and control unit; 10-a computer; 11-laminar flow element a; 12-laminar flow element B; 13-laminar flow element C; 14-laminar flow element D; 15-three-way ball valve A; 16-three-way ball valve B; 17-three-way ball valve C; 18-three-way ball valve D; 19-solenoid valve a; 20-electromagnetic valve B; 21-solenoid valve C; 22-solenoid valve D; 23-laminar flow element a'; 24-laminar flow element B'; 25-laminar flow element C'; 26-laminar flow element D'; 27-compensation chamber.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for testing the pneumatic performance of a micro fan by using a flow compensation method of the invention comprises an air equalizing chamber 2, a flow measuring unit 100, a flow compensation unit 200, a collecting container 3, a regulating valve 4, an auxiliary fan 5, and a sensing, measuring and controlling system. The flow measurement unit 100 includes a plurality of measurement pipelines, and no loss of generality occurs, where 4 measurement pipelines are taken as an example, each measurement pipeline is provided with 1 laminar flow element, 1L-shaped three-way ball valve, and corresponding pressure tapping pipe and electromagnetic valve, etc., as shown in fig. 2, that is, a laminar flow element a 11, a laminar flow element B12, a laminar flow element C13, a laminar flow element D14, a three-way ball valve a 15, a three-way ball valve B16, a three-way ball valve C17, a three-way ball valve D18, an electromagnetic valve a 19, an electromagnetic valve B20, an electromagnetic valve C21, and an electromagnetic valve D22; the flow compensation unit 200 contains the corresponding pipes, laminar flow elements and compensation chambers in the flow measurement unit 100, namely laminar flow element a '23, laminar flow element B' 24, laminar flow element C '25, laminar flow element D' 26 and compensation chamber 27; the sensing and measuring and controlling system comprises a micro differential pressure sensor 6, a pressure sensor 7, an atmospheric pressure and temperature and humidity sensor 8, a measuring and controlling unit 9 and a computer 10.
In the fan testing process, air flow enters the pressure equalizing chamber 2, the flow measuring pipeline, the three-way ball valve, the collecting container and the regulating valve in sequence through the tested fan 1 and is finally discharged through the auxiliary fan. The flow is measured by the flow measurement unit, and the wind pressure of the measured fan is led out to the pressure sensor for measurement through the arrangement in the wind equalizing chamber.
According to the laminar flow measurement principle, the flow of a certain laminar flow element is in direct proportion to the pressure drop of the upstream and the downstream of the certain laminar flow element, and the measured differential pressure is calculated according to the Hagen-Poiseuille formula to obtain the flow QiI.e. by
Wherein, mu-kinetic viscosity of air;
ni-number of capillaries in the laminar flow element;
d-capillary inner diameter;
l-capillary length;
Δ P-differential pressure across laminar flow element.
The air viscosity required in the calculation is calculated and obtained by an air viscosity physical property formula according to the data of the temperature, the humidity and the atmospheric pressure measured by the sensor.
The wind pressure of the tested fan is led out to the pressure sensor through the pressure taking hole arranged in the wind equalizing chamber to be measured. The gauge pressure (or relative pressure, i.e. the difference between the absolute pressure and the atmospheric pressure) measured by the pressure sensor is Ps。
The specifications and flow ranges of the laminar flow elements in each flow measurement pipeline are generally different, and each pipeline can be independently communicated or can be communicated in a combined mode to obtain a required flow point. And each measuring pipeline is completely the same as the laminar flow element in the corresponding flow compensation pipeline. When the fan tests, whether the flow measuring pipeline is communicated or not is controlled through the L-shaped three-way ball valve to regulate the flow. The three-way ball valve is connected with a measuring pipeline or a compensating pipeline, the measuring pipeline and the compensating pipeline are in a complementary relation, the impedance of the whole pipeline system is kept unchanged under the condition of neglecting the influence of a measured fan, the flow flowing through the whole pipeline system is always unchanged, the working condition of the auxiliary fan is unchanged, and therefore more accurate flow points can be obtained by connecting different measuring pipelines.
The lengths and the inner diameters of the capillaries in the laminar flow elements are completely the same, and the difference is the number of the capillaries. The laminar flow elements on the flow measuring pipelines share the same micro differential pressure sensor, namely when the measuring pipelines are in a connection state, the laminar flow elements are equivalently connected in parallel, and the differential pressures on the two sides of the laminar flow elements are the same. According to the formula (1), when the length and the diameter of the capillary tube and the differential pressure at two ends are the same, the flow is in direct proportion to the number of the capillary tubes, and the flow combination model of each flow measurement pipeline is linear and very simple to combine. For example, assuming that the ratio of the number of capillary tubes of the laminar flow element in 4 tubes is 1:2:4:8 and the throughput of the smallest tube is q, any flow rate of q,2q,3q, 15q can be obtained by combination.
It should be noted that, if other types of flowmeters are selected and the flow compensation method of the present invention is applied, the flow adjustment can also be realized, and the adjustment accuracy will be lower than that of the laminar flow measurement method. In addition, although the measured micro-fan parameters are much lower than the auxiliary fan parameters, the working condition changes have certain influence on the whole pipeline system, and when the flow point is not strictly required, the influence can not be considered.
When the device is used for actual test, the following operation flows can be referred to:
1) selecting a proper connecting fitting according to the shape and the size of the outlet of the fan 1 to be tested, installing the fan on the inlet panel of the air equalizing chamber, sealing a gap between the inlet of the fan and the connecting fitting, and ensuring that no air flow leaks when the fan works;
2) setting a flow point on a computer operation interface;
3) setting 4 three-way ball valves to be in a state of being communicated with a flow measurement pipeline, and adjusting a regulating valve to be in a closed state;
4) turning on a power supply of the tested fan, enabling the tested fan to enter an operating state, wherein the flow in the flow measuring pipeline is zero, the pressure measured by the pressure sensor is a certain positive pressure figure, and the maximum wind pressure of the tested fan is actually measured;
5) starting the auxiliary fan;
6) and adjusting the opening of the regulating valve until the wind pressure is zero or slightly larger than zero, and noticing that the wind pressure cannot be negative. At the moment, the tested fan reaches the maximum flow working condition;
7) and clicking a measurement starting key on a computer measurement interface to finish the measurement process under the control of a computer program.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the foregoing description, but is to be understood as being modified in all respects only by the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a miniature fan aerodynamic performance testing arrangement based on flow compensation method, includes even wind cavity (2), flow measurement unit (100), flow compensation unit (200), collection container (3), governing valve (4), auxiliary fan (5) to and sensing and observing and controlling system, its characterized in that: the flow measurement unit (100) comprises a plurality of measurement pipelines, wherein each measurement pipeline is provided with 1 laminar flow element, 1 three-way ball valve, and corresponding pressure tapping pipes and corresponding electromagnetic valves, namely a laminar flow element A (11), a laminar flow element B (12), a laminar flow element C (13), a laminar flow element D (14), a three-way ball valve A (15), a three-way ball valve B (16), a three-way ball valve C (17), a three-way ball valve D (18), an electromagnetic valve A (19), an electromagnetic valve B (20), an electromagnetic valve C (21) and an electromagnetic valve D (22); the flow compensation unit (200) comprises a pipeline, a laminar flow element and a compensation chamber corresponding to the flow measurement unit (100), namely a laminar flow element A '(23), a laminar flow element B' (24), a laminar flow element C '(25), a laminar flow element D' (26) and a compensation chamber (27); the sensing, measuring and controlling system comprises a micro differential pressure sensor (6), a pressure sensor (7), an atmospheric pressure and temperature and humidity sensor (8), a measuring and controlling unit (9) and a computer (10); the air flow sequentially enters the pressure equalizing chamber (2), the flow measuring pipeline, the three-way ball valve, the collecting container and the regulating valve through the tested fan (1), and is finally discharged through the auxiliary fan, the flow is measured by the flow measuring unit, and the wind pressure of the tested fan is led out to the pressure sensor for measurement through the air equalizing chamber.
2. The device for testing the aerodynamic performance of a micro fan based on the flow compensation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the laminar flow elements of each measuring pipeline have different flow ranges, and each pipeline is independently communicated or communicated in combination to obtain a required flow point.
3. The device for testing the aerodynamic performance of a micro fan based on the flow compensation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each flow measuring pipeline is connected with the flow compensation pipeline through a three-way ball valve, and the other outlet pipeline of the three-way ball valve is connected to the collecting container; when the fan is tested, the flow measuring pipeline is controlled to be connected or not through the three-way ball valve to adjust the required flow; the three-way ball valve is communicated with a measuring pipeline or a compensating pipeline, and the flow of the measuring pipeline and the flow of the compensating pipeline are in a complementary relationship.
4. The device for testing the aerodynamic performance of a micro fan based on the flow compensation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each laminar flow element contains a plurality of capillaries, and the lengths and the inner diameters of the capillaries in the laminar flow elements are completely the same, and the number of the capillaries is different; each measuring pipeline is completely the same as the laminar flow element in the corresponding flow compensation pipeline, and under the condition that the differential pressure is the same, the flow of each laminar flow element is in direct proportion to the number of the capillary tubes.
5. The device for testing the aerodynamic performance of a micro fan based on the flow compensation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the upper flow elements of all the flow measuring pipelines share the same micro differential pressure sensor, if a certain flow measuring pipeline is connected, the electronic valve on the pressure sampling pipe is simultaneously opened to connect the pressure sampling pipe, and if not, the electronic valve is closed.
6. The device for testing the aerodynamic performance of a micro fan based on the flow compensation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: other types of flow meters are used instead of laminar flow measurement components.
7. A method for testing the pneumatic performance of a micro fan based on a flow compensation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a connecting fitting according to the shape and the size of an outlet of the tested fan (1), and mounting the fan on an inlet panel of the air equalizing chamber;
2) setting a flow point on a computer operation interface;
3) setting 4 three-way ball valves to be in a state of being communicated with a flow measurement pipeline, and adjusting a regulating valve to be in a closed state;
4) turning on a power supply of the tested fan, enabling the tested fan to enter an operating state, wherein the flow in the flow measuring pipeline is zero, the value measured by the pressure sensor is a certain positive pressure figure, and the maximum wind pressure of the tested fan is actually measured;
5) starting the auxiliary fan;
6) adjusting the opening of the regulating valve until the wind pressure is zero or slightly greater than zero, and the measured fan reaches the maximum flow working condition;
7) and clicking a measurement starting key on a computer measurement interface to finish the measurement process under the control of a computer program.
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Cited By (1)
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