CN111676153B - Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof in aquatic product fermented feed - Google Patents

Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof in aquatic product fermented feed Download PDF

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CN111676153B
CN111676153B CN202010479554.XA CN202010479554A CN111676153B CN 111676153 B CN111676153 B CN 111676153B CN 202010479554 A CN202010479554 A CN 202010479554A CN 111676153 B CN111676153 B CN 111676153B
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lactobacillus plantarum
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倪梦丽
魏万权
王磊
周怡
郭本月
刘广
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Qingdao Guan Tai Biotechnology Co ltd
Qingdao Master Biological Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of functional microorganism screening and application, and particularly provides a novel lactobacillus plantarumLactobacillus plantarum) And application thereof in aquatic product fermented feed. The lactobacillus plantarum is selected from healthy litopenaeus vannamei (A)Litopenaeus vannamei) The culture pond sediment with the preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2020093 can obviously inhibit pathogenic bacteria; has strong acid resistance, acid production and protease production capacity, can accelerate the feed fermentation and improve the quality of the fermented feed, and can be widely applied to the field of aquatic feed processing.

Description

Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof in aquatic product fermented feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional microorganism screening, in particular to lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof in aquatic product fermented feed.
Background
In recent years, the aquaculture industry in China is developed rapidly, and in order to meet the increasing demand of aquatic product consumption and increase the production of aquaculture animals, aquaculture enterprises add antibiotics into animal feeds, thereby bringing great contribution to the development of the whole aquaculture industry. However, with the progress of time, food safety problems caused by the use of antibiotics are increasingly appearing, high attention has been paid worldwide, and the concept that feed safety is equivalent to food safety is widely recognized. People are beginning to find other substitutes and substitution technologies in many times to ensure that the efficiency and the benefit of animal husbandry production are not influenced.
The probiotic fermented feed technology is a newly-grown novel feed technology with many advantages, and the feed contains more active probiotic bacteria, various enzymes, metabolites at all levels, multiple vitamins, protein decomposition products, active small peptides, amino acids, antibacterial substances, immune enhancement factors, growth promotion factors and the like after probiotic fermentation, and plays roles in promoting growth and maintaining the flora balance of animal intestinal tracts. Because drugs such as antibiotics are not added, and no antibiotic drug residue is caused, the probiotic fermented feed technology is an ecological health type feed production technology. Researches show that the probiotic fermented feed can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract, plays a certain role in preventing animal diseases, and has the advantages of good palatability, high nutrition absorption and utilization rate, capability of replacing antibiotics and the like.
The probiotics currently used for fermented feed production mainly include: bacillus, yeast, aspergillus and lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria are the most widely used probiotics and are a general term for a group of bacteria that produce large amounts of lactic acid during fermentation of available carbohydrates. Usually anaerobic or facultative anaerobes, are acid resistant and can grow at a pH below 4.5. Researches find that metabolites and viable bacteria liquid of the lactic acid bacteria have strong antibacterial effects on gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial effect is gradually enhanced along with the reduction of the pH value, and the living bacteria and the metabolites contain high superoxide dismutase (SOD) and can enhance the humoral immunity and the cellular immunity of animals.
The prior commercial lactobacillus has the following defects in the application of fermented feed: (1) the acid resistance and acid production capability are poor, and the fermentation rate is slow; (2) the bacteriostasis level is poor, and the quality of the fermented feed is not high. Therefore, screening more lactobacillus strains with excellent performance has important significance for the development of the aquatic product fermented feed, is beneficial to improving the quality of the fermented feed and promotes the healthy and stable development of the aquaculture industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) and application thereof in aquatic product fermented feed for solving the problems in the prior art. The lactobacillus plantarum is selected from healthy Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture pond bottom mud, and can obviously inhibit pathogenic bacteria; has strong acid resistance, acid production and protease production capacity, can accelerate the feed fermentation and improve the quality of the fermented feed, and can be widely applied to the field of aquatic feed processing.
On one hand, the invention provides a Lactobacillus plantarum YN01(Lactobacillus plantarum YN01) which is preserved in China center for type culture collection of Wuhan university in Wuhan, China in 2020 within 29 months, with the preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2020093.
The invention provides the application of the lactobacillus plantarum in aquatic product fermented feed.
The invention also provides a probiotic preparation which comprises the lactobacillus plantarum.
The probiotic preparation also comprises any one or the combination of two or more of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bifidobacterium, enterococcus faecium, pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus acidophilus.
The viable bacteria amount of the lactobacillus plantarum in the probiotic microbial inoculum is not less than 109CFU/g。
The invention also provides application of the probiotic preparation in aquatic product fermented feed.
The invention also provides application of the probiotic preparation in aquaculture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 screened by the method can effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and the like, reduce the occurrence probability of diseases of cultured animals, have extremely strong acid resistance, acid production and protease production capabilities, and can greatly improve the fermentation efficiency of the feed and improve the nutritional value of the feed. When the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 is applied to the fermentation process of a commercial corn soybean meal type compound feed, the content of crude protein and acid soluble protein of the fermented complete feed is respectively increased by 40.62% and 24.04% compared with a control group, the content of organic acid is remarkably increased, the pH is remarkably reduced, the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 can degrade part of macromolecular substances such as polysaccharide, protein and fat, and generate micromolecular substances such as organic acid and soluble polypeptide, so that a biological feed with rich nutrition, good palatability and high viable bacteria content is formed, and the palatability and the nutritive value of the fermented feed are remarkably improved; when the method is applied to the breeding process of the litopenaeus vannamei, the gonad index, the dry matter mass of the gonad and the relative fecundity of the litopenaeus vannamei parent shrimps are respectively improved by 13.84%, 16.10% and 34.34%, the utilization rate of the bred animals to the feed is obviously improved, the growth of the bred animals is promoted, the reproductive performance of the bred animals is improved, and the method has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The equipment and reagents used in the examples of the present invention may be selected from any commercially available ones. For the specific methods or materials used in the embodiments, those skilled in the art can make routine alternatives based on the existing technologies based on the technical idea of the present invention, and not limited to the specific descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention.
The culture medium selected in the examples comprises the following specific formula:
2216E seawater culture Medium: 5g of peptone, 1g of yeast extract, 0.01g of iron phosphate, 1000ml of seawater, pH7.6-7.8, preparing a solid culture medium, adding 15-20g of agar, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
TSB medium: tryptone soybean broth 30g, sodium chloride 15g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.4-7.6, preparing solid culture medium, adding agar 15-20g, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
MRS culture medium: 10g of peptone, 10g of beef extract, 20g of glucose, 5g of yeast powder, tween-80 lml, 2g of monopotassium phosphate, 2g of diammonium citrate, 5g of sodium acetate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.15g of manganese sulfate, 1000ml of distilled water, pH6.2-6.4, 15-20g of agar to prepare a solid culture medium, and sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 20 min.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1 isolation, screening and identification of strains
1. Sample source
Collecting bottom mud of a litopenaeus vannamei farm in Qingdao, Guzhou city.
2. Screening method
Adding sterile normal saline into a substrate sludge sample, shaking uniformly for lh (28 ℃, 150rpm) to fully disperse bacteria in the substrate sludge in the normal saline, diluting by 10 times of gradient, respectively inoculating the substrate sludge on 2216E, TSB and MRS solid culture media, and culturing for 24-48 h at 28 ℃. And selecting uniform and clear single colonies, and streaking and purifying the bacteria. The single colonies are named MST1, MST2, MST3, … … and MST 30.
With 6 mol. L-1Hydrochloric acid adjusts the pH of MRS liquid medium to 6.5, 5.0, 3.5 and 2.0, respectively. Activating and culturing the single colony obtained by separation and purification to a logarithmic growth phase, respectively inoculating 1% of the inoculum size into MRS liquid culture media with the pH values of 6.5, 5.0, 3.5 and 2.0, carrying out anaerobic culture at 37 ℃ for 24h, and simultaneously taking the culture medium with the corresponding pH value without any inoculated bacteria as a blank control to respectively measure the 600nm absorbance value and the pH value of each group of culture media.
The experimental result shows that only two strains of MST13 and MST22 in 30 strains screened by the applicant can normally grow in an MRS liquid culture medium with the pH value of 2.0-3.5, and have strong acid resistance, wherein the MST22 strain has the strongest acid resistance. Specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth of the strains in media with different pH values and pH changes of the media
Figure BDA0002516866210000031
In order to further test the acid production capacity of MST22, the applicant inoculated an equal amount of MST22 strain and lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 strain (control strain) respectively into MRS liquid medium at pH6.5, cultured at 37 ℃, and measured the pH value of the culture solution and the absorbance value at 600nm every 3h, with the specific results shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 growth of YN01 strain at different cultivation times and pH change of the medium
Figure BDA0002516866210000041
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, after 24h of cultivation, the pH of the medium inoculated with the control strain Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 decreased from 6.507 to 4.307 and the OD600 reached 2.357; while the pH value of the culture medium inoculated with the MST22 strain is reduced from 6.507 to 3.004, and the OD600 reaches 3.908. Therefore, compared with a control strain, the MST22 strain provided by the invention has stronger acid production capacity and faster acid production speed, and the strain has faster reproduction speed, thereby obtaining unexpected technical effects.
3. Identification of strains
1) And (3) colony morphology characteristics: re-streaking the MST22 strain to obtain a round, smooth, fine and white colony, which is occasionally light yellow or dark yellow, with round straight rod-shaped cells;
2) extracting genome DNA of the MST22 strain, amplifying a 16SrRNA sequence by utilizing a PCR technology, comparing and analyzing by sequencing and BLAST, wherein the similarity of the sequence and the published 16S rRNA sequence of a plurality of Lactobacillus plantarum strains is up to 99%, and the identification proves that the MST22 strain is Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) and is consistent with the biochemical identification result.
The applicant named the MST22 strain as Lactobacillus plantarum YN01(Lactobacillus plantarum YN01), which was deposited in China center for type culture Collection, CCTCC NO: M2020093, at 29 months 4 and 2020 in Wuhan university, Wuhan, China.
Example 2 evaluation of bacteriostatic Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01
Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are used as indicator bacteria, and differences of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 and antibiotics in the antibacterial effect are compared. The antibiotics are penicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, polymyxin B, neomycin, ofloxacin and doxycycline respectively, and NA is a bacteriostatic test plate culture medium.
The method comprises the steps of dibbling lactobacillus plantarum YN01 bacterial liquid on a flat plate coated with indicator bacteria, placing antibiotic drug-sensitive paper sheets, culturing at a constant temperature of 28 ℃, observing whether a bacteriostatic transparent area or a bacteriostatic covered area appears around a dibbling area and the drug-sensitive paper sheet placing area within 48 hours, and specifically obtaining the results shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 bacteriostatic behavior of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01
Figure BDA0002516866210000051
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 provided by the invention has significant inhibitory effect on both Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The bacteriostatic effect of the strain on staphylococcus aureus is basically equivalent to that of gentamicin, better than that of penicillin, ceftriaxone, polymyxin B, neomycin, ofloxacin and doxycycline, and the bacteriostatic effect on vibrio parahaemolyticus is basically equivalent to that of ofloxacin, better than that of penicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, polymyxin B, neomycin and doxycycline. Therefore, the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 has strong antibacterial capacity, can be widely applied to aquaculture, partially replaces antibiotics to be used, and slows down the generation of antibiotic resistance.
EXAMPLE 3 determination of protease-producing ability of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01
Inoculating lactobacillus plantarum YN01 into MRS liquid culture medium, culturing at 37 deg.C for 24h, continuously transferring and activating for two generations, inoculating into 250mL MRS liquid culture medium with 1% (/ v/v) inoculum size, and culturing at 37 deg.C for 48 h; centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 8000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, and detecting protease activity in the supernatant by the following method.
The results show that the protease activity in the fermentation supernatant of the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 screened by the invention is as high as 112U/mL, and unexpected technical effects are achieved.
(1) Definition of enzyme activity: the enzyme amount required for decomposing bovine serum albumin to generate 1 mu mol of tryptophan per minute is an enzyme activity unit at 37 ℃.
(2) The enzyme activity determination method comprises the following steps: 50. mu.L of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 1% (w/v) and 450. mu.L of the enzyme solution were mixed with 1.5mL of sodium acetate buffer solution at a concentration of 0.1mol/L and pH 7.0, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ℃ for 5 min. The reaction was stopped with 0.5mL of 10% trichloroacetic acid and the absorbance was measured at 280 nm.
Blank control: the same conditions were used as above except that distilled water was used instead of the enzyme solution.
The enzyme activity formula is as follows: the enzyme activity (U/mL) ═ K × w) (/ v × T), wherein K is the dilution factor of the enzyme solution; w is the amount of tryptophan produced (. mu. mol); v is the volume of the reaction enzyme solution (mL); t is the reaction time (min).
Example 4 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 Strain on fermented feed quality
Inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 strain into MRS liquid culture medium at an inoculation amount of 1%, standing at 35 deg.C for 20 hr, and confirming that the concentration of strain reaches 108CFU/ml above. Inoculating the bacterial liquid into a commercial corn and soybean meal type compound feed (the bag filling amount is 100 g/bag) according to the inoculation amount of 2 percent, and adding sterile water to adjust the final water content to be 40-42 percent. Placing the mixture in a sealed fermentation bag, and culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 32 deg.C. Taking blank materials without any inoculated strain as a control, sampling after fermenting for 48 hours, and respectively measuring the pH value, the viable count, the total acid, the crude protein and the acid soluble protein content of the fermented feed, wherein the specific results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 on fermented feed quality
Item Control group Treatment group
pH value 6.26±0.01a 4.19±0.03b
Viable count/108CFU/g ﹤106a 71.03±1.51b
Total acid content/mg/g 0 23.19±0.07b
Crude protein/%) 12.63±0.24a 17.76±0.17b
Acid soluble protein/%) 12.44±0.19a 15.43±0.22b
Note: different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, compared with the control group, the contents of crude protein and acid soluble protein in the complete feed of the treatment group fermented by the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 are respectively increased by 40.62% and 24.04%, the content of organic acid is significantly increased, and the pH is significantly reduced. Therefore, the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 provided by the invention can degrade part of macromolecular substances such as polysaccharide, protein and fat, and the like, generate small molecular substances such as organic acid and soluble polypeptide, form a biological feed with rich nutrition, good palatability and high viable bacteria content, and remarkably improve the palatability and the nutritional value of the fermented feed.
Example 5 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 on reproductive Performance of Litopenaeus vannamei
Activating Lactobacillus plantarum YN01, culturing, fermenting in liquid state, and spray drying to obtain 1010CFU/g of bacterial powder.
Experiment set is provided with a control group and a probiotic group, and each group is respectively provided with three parallels. Each parallel 50 litopenaeus vannamei parent shrimp. Wherein, the contrast group takes commercial parent shrimp feed aged at high temperature as basic feed, and the probiotic group is added with the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 bacterial powder according to the mass ratio of 2 per mill in the basic feed, and is mixed uniformly for feeding. The culture experiment is carried out in an indoor seawater circulating culture system for 8 weeks, the total feeding amount is controlled to be 15-20 percent (wet weight) of the weight of the parent shrimps every day, and the bottom suction and the pollution discharge are carried out once every day. During the experiment, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 7mg/l, the temperature is 29 +/-l ℃, the salinity is 21-22 per mill, and the pH is 8.0 +/-0.3.
Taking the parent shrimps on the same day of reproductive molting as typical parent shrimps in the V-th period of gonad development, taking the gonads in each period, sucking water, weighing and calculating the gonad index (GSI) and the gonad dry matter mass (DMG); taking a proper amount of fertilized eggs, sucking water, weighing and counting the fertilized eggs on an analytical balance, calculating indexes such as an egg holding rate (R1), a Relative Fecundity (RF) and the like, and performing significance test and multiple specific valence analysis on the obtained data so as to evaluate the influence of the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 on the reproductive performance of the litopenaeus vannamei. The specific results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 influence of Lactobacillus plantarum YN01 on the reproductive Performance of Litopenaeus vannamei
Control group Probiotic group
Gonadal index/%) 5.42±0.51a 6.17±0.94b
Dry matter of gonads/%) 44.15±0.12a 51.26±0.51b
Egg-carrying rate/%) 100 100
Relative amount of eggs/grain/g 2574±409a 3458±621b
Note: different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
From the results in table 5, it can be seen that the gonadal index, the dry matter amount of the gonad and the relative egg laying amount of the parent litopenaeus vannamei in the probiotic group added with the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 are respectively improved by 13.84%, 16.10% and 34.34% compared with the control group, which indicates that the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 can effectively improve the egg holding amount of the parent litopenaeus vannamei and improve the hatchability of fertilized eggs.
In conclusion, the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 provided by the invention can effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus and the like, has extremely strong acid resistance, acid production and protease production capacity, and can greatly improve the fermentation efficiency of feed and the nutritional value of the feed. When the lactobacillus plantarum YN01 is applied to the fermentation process of a commercial corn soybean meal type compound feed, the contents of crude protein and acid soluble protein of the fermented complete feed are respectively increased by 40.62 percent and 24.04 percent compared with a control group, the content of organic acid is obviously increased, and the pH is obviously reduced; when the method is applied to the breeding process of the litopenaeus vannamei, the gonad index, the dry matter quantity of the gonads and the relative fecundity quantity of the parent litopenaeus vannamei are respectively improved by 13.84%, 16.10% and 34.34%, the utilization rate of the bred animals to the feed is obviously improved, the growth of the bred animals is promoted, and the reproductive performance of the bred animals is improved. The lactobacillus plantarum can be used independently, can also be combined with any one or two or more of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bifidobacterium, enterococcus faecium, pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus acidophilus to prepare a probiotic preparation, is widely applied to aquatic feeds, contributes to improving the economic benefit of farmers, and has wide application prospect.

Claims (6)

1. A Lactobacillus plantarum (C)Lactobacillus plantarum) YN01, wherein the preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CCTCC NO: M2020093.
2. Use of the lactobacillus plantarum of claim 1 for the preparation of an aquaculture fermented feed.
3. A probiotic formulation comprising the lactobacillus plantarum of claim 1.
4. The probiotic formulation according to claim 3, further comprising any one or a combination of two or more of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bifidobacterium, enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus acidophilus.
5. The probiotic preparation according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum in said probiotic preparation is not less than 109CFU/g。
6. Use of a probiotic formulation according to any of claims 3 to 5 in the preparation of an aquaculture fermented feed.
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