CN111675468A - Sludge carbonization treatment process - Google Patents
Sludge carbonization treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111675468A CN111675468A CN202010554270.2A CN202010554270A CN111675468A CN 111675468 A CN111675468 A CN 111675468A CN 202010554270 A CN202010554270 A CN 202010554270A CN 111675468 A CN111675468 A CN 111675468A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/148—Combined use of inorganic and organic substances, being added in the same treatment step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sludge carbonization treatment process, which relates to the technical field of sludge regeneration treatment and comprises the steps of sludge dehydration treatment, sludge preheating and tempering after dehydration, sludge pressurization and heating in a cracking furnace for anaerobic cracking, pyrolysis liquid conveying to a cooling tank for cooling, cracking liquid heat recovery in the cooling tank through a heat exchange device, pyrolysis liquid dehydration, sludge cake obtaining after dehydration, drying in an air drying chamber until the sludge cake is solidified and molded, and sludge cake activation and granulation are carried out to form carbon-based particles. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the tempering step can screen out impurities such as large gravel, oil stain, floating materials and the like in the sludge, so that the carbonization quality is improved; anaerobic cracking is carried out to ensure that the sludge is completely broken and carbonized into liquid cracking solution, and the carbonization effect is good; the heat of the cracking liquid is recovered through a heat exchange device in the cooling tank and returned to the cracking furnace to help the cracking furnace to heat, so that the heat is recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge regeneration treatment, in particular to a sludge carbonization treatment process.
Background
Domestic sludge is the end product of the urban domestic sewage treatment process, and the existing sewage treatment technology transfers a large amount of pollutants in sewage into sludge through the metabolism of microorganisms and a physical and chemical method so as to achieve the aim of purifying water quality. The essence of water treatment is phase transfer of part of pollutants, and when water quality is purified, a large amount of soluble pollutants are changed into insoluble solids which are separated as sludge, and the sludge is generally rich in organic matters, germs and the like and can be said to be concentrated pollutants. After being taken out from a water treatment plant, the domestic sludge is generally incinerated, buried or piled up, and other methods cannot treat the domestic sludge. The landfill method not only occupies a large amount of land, but also can cause pollutants to be finally immersed into the ground, causes secondary pollution to soil, underground water and the like, and is unfavorable for the environment; although the incineration can achieve harmless treatment and resource utilization, the whole technical level in China is low, a large amount of smoke is formed, and the environment is polluted. At present, urban construction is accelerated, the demand of building materials is increased, and particularly, the building bricks which are widely applied are all fired by adopting shale at present, and a large amount of shale is required to be used as raw materials for manufacturing the building materials, so that people begin to utilize sludge obtained by sewage treatment to prepare the building bricks at present.
The existing carbonization process is not used for recycling heat after carbonization, so that the energy loss of the carbonization process is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a sludge carbonization treatment process, which solves the technical problems that the cracking is not completely anaerobic in the conventional carbonization process, so that the sludge can not be completely broken into walls and carbonized into liquid cracking solution during cracking, and the energy loss of the carbonization process is huge because the heat after carbonization is not recycled in the conventional carbonization process.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sludge carbonization treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the sludge, controlling the water content of the sludge to be lower than 80%, preheating the dehydrated sludge to 60-70 ℃, adding a modifying agent for modifying, and uniformly stirring in a stirring kettle after modifying;
s2, conveying the sludge into a cracking furnace, pressurizing and heating the sludge in the cracking furnace to perform anaerobic cracking, and breaking the wall of the sludge and carbonizing the sludge into liquid cracking liquid under the pressure and the temperature in the cracking furnace;
s3, conveying the cracking liquid to a cooling tank for cooling, and recovering heat of the cracking liquid in the cooling tank through a heat exchange device;
s4, dehydrating the lysate to obtain a mud cake with the water content of 30-35%;
s5, drying the mud cakes in an air drying chamber until the mud cakes are solidified and formed;
and S6, granulating the mud cake to form carbon-based particles.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the quenching and tempering step makes the big gravel in the mud, the greasy dirt, impurity such as floater is screened out, it makes mud be liquid lysate by complete broken wall carbonization to the anoxybiotic schizolysis, carbonization is effectual, retrieve the lysate heat through heat exchange device in the cooling tank, help the pyrolysis furnace heating in returning to the pyrolysis furnace, realize thermal cyclic utilization, mud cake dehydration mummification step makes the lysate solidify the shaping, be convenient for store, carry out the activation granulation again to the mud cake, produce a large amount of gas pockets in the structure of mud cake, make the granulation form the light firm behind the sintered brick piece of carbon base particulate matter.
Preferably, in the step S1, the hardening and tempering agent contains the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 15-40 parts of inorganic polymeric flocculant, 50-120 parts of fly ash and 5-15 parts of curing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the advantages of organic and inorganic high-molecular modifying agents are combined, and the activated sludge modifying agent with extremely strong flocculation capacity and permeability is obtained. The inorganic polymeric flocculant mainly increases the collision of coagulated solids, so that hydrolysate thereof is agglomerated and bridged to flocculate to form settleable or filterable flocculates, and the inorganic polymeric flocculant and the hydrolysate thereof can quickly form flocs under the action of the polyacrylamide coagulant aid, thereby reducing the specific resistance of sludge, generating larger flocs to tighten the sludge and achieving the effect of sludge-water separation; the fly ash is used as an adsorption bridging material, and active points such as Al, Si and the like in the fly ash are utilized by stirring, so that a bridging effect on organic and inorganic polymeric flocculants can be generated, and the coagulation effect of sludge can be better promoted; the curing agent promotes the molecular crosslinking forming of the sludge, so that the sludge cannot be loosened before carbonization.
Preferably, in the cooling tank of S3, the heat exchange device is a spiral wound tube heat exchanger, the residual heat of the pyrolysis liquid in the cooling tank is collected and supplied to the pyrolysis furnace of S2, and the pyrolysis furnace of S2 doubly heats the pyrolysis sludge through the heat exchange device and self-heating.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, retrieve the pyrolysis liquid heat through spiral winding tubular heat exchanger in the cooling tank, return to the heating of help pyrolysis furnace in the pyrolysis furnace, realize thermal cyclic utilization, play the effect of energy saving.
Preferably, the S2 anaerobic cracking process is divided into three stages, the first stage is that the temperature of the cracking kettle after feeding is increased to 120-.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt the pyrolysis furnace of multistage formula, can make the temperature of mud rise evenly, prevent to appear because the temperature rise too fast to make outside mud schizolysis after form the carbonization casing and lead to inside mud can not obtain the phenomenon of complete schizolysis.
Preferably, in step S5, the temperature in the air drying chamber is maintained at 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is less than 30%, and the drying process is accelerated by keeping the wind speed of 3-5 meters per second against the fan of the mud cake with a fan.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, air-dry fast and obtain the mud cake, can guarantee the water content in the mud cake, prevent that water content is too high in the mud cake and lead to the mud cake easily loose.
Preferably, in step S6, the mud cake is crushed uniformly before granulation, and the nutrient solution and aerobic bacteria are added to the mud cake, and the mud cake is aerated.
By adopting the technical scheme, the activation step can lead aerobic bacteria in the mud cakes to be rapidly propagated in the mud cakes and form a plurality of small holes in the mud cakes, thus leading the mud cakes to be granulated to form carbon-based particles which are light, firm and firm after being sintered into bricks
Preferably, in step S6, the mud cake is granulated by a granulator, and the granules obtained by granulation have a particle size of 0.1 to 0.6 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the granulating particle size of the granulator is 0.1-0.6 mm, so that the brick obtained by sintering has a uniform and fine structure.
Preferably, in the stirring process of step S1, the top of the stirring tank is provided with a gas outlet pipe, and activated carbon fibers are disposed in the gas outlet pipe to deodorize the emitted gas.
By adopting the technical scheme, the emitted gas is deodorized by utilizing the adsorbability of the activated carbon fiber, so that the pollution to the environment is prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the tempering step can screen out impurities such as large gravel, oil stain, floating materials and the like in the sludge, so that the carbonization quality is improved; anaerobic cracking is carried out to ensure that the sludge is completely broken and carbonized into liquid cracking solution, and the carbonization effect is good; the heat of the cracking liquid is recovered through a heat exchange device in the cooling tank and returned to the cracking furnace to help the cracking furnace to heat, so that the heat is recycled.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a sludge carbonization treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the sludge, controlling the water content of the sludge to be 60%, preheating the dehydrated sludge to 70 ℃, adding a modifying agent for modifying, and uniformly stirring in a stirring kettle after modifying;
s2, conveying the sludge into a cracking furnace, pressurizing and heating the sludge in the cracking furnace to perform anaerobic cracking, and breaking the wall of the sludge and carbonizing the sludge into liquid cracking liquid under the pressure and the temperature in the cracking furnace;
s3, conveying the cracking liquid to a cooling tank for cooling, and recovering heat of the cracking liquid in the cooling tank through a heat exchange device;
s4, dehydrating the lysate to obtain a mud cake with the water content of 30%;
s5, drying the mud cakes in an air drying chamber until the mud cakes are solidified and formed;
and S6, granulating the mud cake to form carbon-based particles.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, a sludge carbonization treatment process includes the steps of:
s1, dehydrating the sludge, controlling the water content of the sludge to be 65%, preheating the dehydrated sludge to 60 ℃, adding a modifying agent for modifying, and uniformly stirring in a stirring kettle after modifying;
s2, conveying the sludge into a cracking furnace, pressurizing and heating the sludge in the cracking furnace for anaerobic cracking, and breaking the wall of the sludge and carbonizing the sludge into liquid cracking liquid in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the cracking furnace;
s3, conveying the cracking liquid to a cooling tank for cooling, and recovering heat of the cracking liquid in the cooling tank through a heat exchange device;
s4, dehydrating the lysate to obtain a mud cake with the water content of 35%;
s5, drying the mud cakes in an air drying chamber until the mud cakes are solidified and formed;
and S6, granulating the mud cake to form carbon-based particles.
Quenching and tempering step makes impurity such as big gravel in the mud, the greasy dirt, floater by the screening removal, anaerobic cracking makes mud be broken wall carbonization completely for liquid lysate, carbonization effect is good, retrieve the lysate heat through heat exchange device in the cooling tank, return to helping the pyrolysis furnace to heat in the pyrolysis furnace, realize thermal cyclic utilization, mud cake dehydration mummification step makes the lysate solidify the shaping, be convenient for store, activate granulation again to the mud cake, produce a large amount of gas pockets in the structure of mud cake, make the granulation form the light firm behind the carbon base particulate matter sintering into the fragment of brick.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, in the step S1, the conditioner includes the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of inorganic polymeric flocculant, 100 parts of fly ash and 10 parts of curing agent, and the modifying agent combines the advantages of organic and inorganic polymeric modifying agents to obtain the activated sludge modifying agent with extremely strong flocculation capacity and permeability. The inorganic polymeric flocculant mainly increases the collision of coagulated solids, so that hydrolysate thereof is agglomerated and bridged to flocculate to form settleable or filterable flocculates, and the inorganic polymeric flocculant and the hydrolysate thereof can quickly form flocs under the action of the polyacrylamide coagulant aid, thereby reducing the specific resistance of sludge, generating larger flocs to tighten the sludge and achieving the effect of sludge-water separation; the fly ash is used as an adsorption bridging material, and active points such as Al, Si and the like in the fly ash are utilized by stirring, so that a bridging effect on organic and inorganic polymeric flocculants can be generated, and the coagulation effect of sludge can be better promoted; the curing agent promotes the molecular crosslinking forming of the sludge, so that the sludge cannot be loosened before carbonization.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in the S1 step, the conditioner includes the following components in parts by weight: the hardening and tempering agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of polyacrylamide, 15 parts of an inorganic polymeric flocculant, 50 parts of fly ash and 5 parts of a curing agent.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in the S1 step, the conditioner includes the following components in parts by weight: the hardening and tempering agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of inorganic polymeric flocculant, 120 parts of fly ash and 15 parts of curing agent.
According to other embodiments of the invention, in the cooling tank of S3, the heat exchange device is a spiral winding pipe type heat exchanger, the residual heat of the pyrolysis liquid in the cooling tank is collected and supplied to the cracking furnace of S2, and the cracking furnace of S2 heats the cracked sludge through the heat exchange device and self-heating; the heat of the cracking liquid is recovered through the spiral winding tube type heat exchanger in the cooling tank, and the cracking liquid is returned to the cracking furnace to help the cracking furnace to heat, so that the heat is recycled, and the energy is saved.
According to other embodiments of the invention, the anaerobic cracking process of S2 is divided into three stages, the first stage is that the temperature rises to 120 ℃ after the feed of the cracking kettle, the sludge is subjected to wall breaking and water drainage in the stage, the second stage is that the temperature of the cracking kettle rises to 180 ℃, organic matters in the sludge are decomposed in the stage to generate irregular carbon molecules and water, and the third stage is a pressure reduction and temperature reduction complete cracking stage of the cracking kettle.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, the process of S2 anaerobic cracking is divided into three stages, the first stage is that the temperature rises to 130 ℃ after the feed of the cracking kettle, the sludge is subjected to wall breaking and water drainage in this stage, the second stage is that the temperature of the cracking kettle rises to 230 ℃, organic matters in the sludge are decomposed in this stage to generate irregular carbon molecules and water, and the third stage is a pressure reduction and temperature reduction complete cracking stage of the cracking kettle.
In the step S5, the temperature in the air drying chamber is kept at 22 ℃, the humidity is less than 30%, the fan is used for keeping the wind speed of 3 meters per second to face the mud cake to fan to accelerate the drying process, the mud cake is obtained by quick air drying, the water content in the mud cake can be ensured, and the mud cake is prevented from being easily loosened due to overhigh water content in the mud cake.
In the step S6, the mud cake is crushed evenly before granulation, nutrient solution and aerobic bacteria are added into the mud cake, the mud cake is aerated, the activation step enables the aerobic bacteria in the mud cake to quickly propagate in the mud cake and form a plurality of small holes in the mud cake, and the mud cake is granulated to form carbon-based particles which are light, firm and firm after being sintered into bricks
And in the step S6, granulating the mud cake through a granulator, wherein the particle size of granules obtained through granulation is 0.2 mm, so that the brick structure obtained through sintering is uniform and fine.
In the stirring process of the step S1, an air outlet pipeline is arranged at the top of the stirring kettle, activated carbon fibers are arranged in the air outlet pipeline to remove odor of the emitted gas, and the emitted gas is removed odor by utilizing the adsorbability of the activated carbon fibers to prevent environmental pollution.
In the invention, impurities such as large gravel, oil stain, floaters and the like in the sludge are screened out in the tempering step, so that the carbonization quality is improved; anaerobic cracking is carried out to ensure that the sludge is completely broken and carbonized into liquid cracking solution, and the carbonization effect is good; the heat of the cracking liquid is recovered in the cooling tank through a heat exchange device and returned to the cracking furnace to help the cracking furnace to heat, so that the heat is recycled; the sludge cake dehydration and drying step enables the lysate to be solidified and molded, is convenient to store, activates and granulates the sludge cake, generates a large amount of air holes in the structure of the sludge cake, and enables carbon-based particles formed by granulation to be light and firm after being sintered into bricks.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A sludge carbonization treatment process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the sludge, controlling the water content of the sludge to be lower than 80%, preheating the dehydrated sludge to 60-70 ℃, adding a modifying agent for modifying, and uniformly stirring in a stirring kettle after modifying;
s2, conveying the sludge into a cracking furnace, pressurizing and heating the sludge in the cracking furnace for anaerobic cracking, and breaking the wall of the sludge and carbonizing the sludge into liquid cracking liquid in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the cracking furnace;
s3, conveying the cracking liquid to a cooling tank for cooling, and recovering heat of the cracking liquid in the cooling tank through a heat exchange device;
s4, dehydrating the lysate to obtain a mud cake with the water content of 30-35%;
s5, drying the mud cakes in an air drying chamber until the mud cakes are solidified and formed;
and S6, granulating the mud cake to form carbon-based particles.
2. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the hardening and tempering agent contains the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 15-40 parts of inorganic polymeric flocculant, 50-120 parts of fly ash and 5-15 parts of curing agent.
3. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the cooling tank of S3, the heat exchange device is a spiral winding pipe type heat exchanger, the waste heat of the pyrolysis liquid in the cooling tank is collected and supplied to the cracking furnace of S2, and the cracking furnace of S2 heats the cracked sludge through the heat exchange device and self-heating.
4. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the S2 anaerobic cracking process is divided into three stages, the first stage is that the temperature rises to 120-.
5. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, the temperature in the air drying chamber is kept at 20-25 ℃, the humidity is less than 30%, and the drying process is accelerated by keeping the wind speed of 3-5 meters per second against the fan of the mud cakes by a fan.
6. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S6, the mud cake is crushed uniformly before granulation, and the nutrient solution and aerobic bacteria are added to the mud cake, and the mud cake is aerated.
7. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S6, the cake is granulated by a granulator to obtain granules with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.6 mm.
8. The sludge carbonization treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the stirring process of the step S1, an air outlet pipe is opened at the top of the stirring kettle, and activated carbon fibers are arranged in the air outlet pipe to deodorize the emitted gas.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115572033A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-06 | 北京城市排水集团有限责任公司 | Two-stage carbonization system and method for preparing sludge carbon |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |