CN111673209A - High-speed arc machining inner flushing liquid negative pressure suction device and machining method - Google Patents
High-speed arc machining inner flushing liquid negative pressure suction device and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111673209A CN111673209A CN202010459987.9A CN202010459987A CN111673209A CN 111673209 A CN111673209 A CN 111673209A CN 202010459987 A CN202010459987 A CN 202010459987A CN 111673209 A CN111673209 A CN 111673209A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative pressure suction device for high-speed arc machining internal flushing liquid and a machining method. After being pressurized, the medium liquid in the liquid storage tank sequentially passes through the rotating main shaft and the internal flow channel of the tool electrode to be flushed to the processing surface, enters the negative pressure variable closed cavity filled with the liquid medium, realizes the arc breaking of the discharge plasma and the cooling effect of the processing surface in the high-speed arc processing, and finally flows back to the liquid storage tank of the machine tool through the suction pump. The device generates a negative pressure environment around a processing area, so that the hydrodynamic arc breaking effect and the cooling effect of high-pressure medium liquid are more remarkable, metal corrosion particles are washed away more timely, the discharge state is improved, the quality of a processed surface is improved, and the influence of the processing process on the surrounding surface is reduced. And the noise generated by high-speed arc discharge machining can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric discharge machining, in particular to a high-speed electric arc machining inner flushing liquid negative pressure suction device and a machining method.
Background
In high-speed arc discharge machining, pulsed discharge between a tool and a workpiece forms arc plasma, and a large amount of heat generated melts and even gasifies a metal material of the workpiece. The arc is timely broken by the aid of the rotary motion of the auxiliary tool electrode and the high-pressure fluid flushing effect, and the surface of a workpiece is prevented from being burnt. On the other hand, the high-pressure fluid flushing liquid can flush away the molten metal in time, so that the material removal efficiency is improved, secondary discharge or short circuit caused by re-solidification of the metal in the discharge gap is prevented, and the method is very critical in a high-speed electric arc machining process.
In the prior art of high-speed arc discharge machining, high-pressure fluid flushing is realized by internal flushing of an internal flow passage of a tool electrode and external flushing of an external nozzle. The flushing mode belongs to open flushing, namely an outlet end of the flushing is communicated with the external environment, and the outlet end has atmospheric pressure. The pressure of the flushing liquid of the machine tool is set before the machining is started, or is manually or automatically adjusted in the machining process.
For example, patent document CN201210530743.0, entitled "flushing system for high-speed arc discharge milling" (liu yong hong, china oil university (east China)) discloses a multi-channel nozzle with 8-16 nozzles uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the electrode for external flushing. Although each nozzle can provide flushing liquid with different liquid characteristics to different positions of the discharge gap, each nozzle is singly corresponding to one proportional valve, so that the system of the working liquid distribution execution unit formed by connecting a plurality of proportional valves in parallel becomes very complicated. Moreover, the system is an open-loop system and cannot be adjusted in a self-adaptive manner according to the discharge state between the workpiece and the electrode.
For example, an adaptive flushing system for high-speed arc discharge machining (chenjipeng et al, shanghai university of transportation) is disclosed in the granted document "adaptive flushing system for high-speed arc discharge machining" of patent CN 104759716B. The system utilizes the sensor to detect the state of the liquid medium and the discharge state in real time, and realizes a closed-loop system by changing the adjustment parameters of the electro-hydraulic control valve. However, the liquid flushing mode still belongs to open type liquid flushing, a liquid flushing port is communicated with the atmosphere, and the pressure of a liquid medium fluctuates and loses to a certain degree. When the tool electrode loss is large, the discharge of the side area of the electrode has no direct high-pressure fluid flushing liquid, and the arc breaking effect of the fluid is weakened.
Another method for arc machining is to perform arc machining on a designated area in a closed chamber. The liquid medium with the pressure intensity of 0.4-0.7Mpa flows in from the side opening of the chamber and flows out from the internal flow passage of the electrode, the external flushing liquid cooling and arc breaking are carried out on the processing discharge area, and the rest parts are kept sealed. The method adopts a direct current power supply, the duration of the discharge plasma is directly related to the flow rate of the liquid, and the pulse discharge effect with different pulse widths is realized by adjusting the flow rate of the liquid medium. In the processing process, the sealing chamber keeps static, only the sinking processing of the processing area is realized, and the processing mode is single. In the method, the electrode is only fed in the machining direction, rotary motion does not exist, only a hydrodynamic arc breaking mechanism is relied on, effective cutting of the arc cannot be guaranteed, the machining process is unstable, the machined surface is easily burnt, the problem that the subsequent finish machining is influenced by the fact that the heat affected zone of the material is deep, the surface hardness difference is large and the like is caused. Among the processing parameters, the current is 100-500A, the voltage is 25-35V, the arc processing with small discharge energy is achieved, and the material removal rate is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an internal flushing liquid negative pressure suction device and a high-speed arc machining method adopting the same, which can solve the related problems.
The technical scheme is as follows: the purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
An inner flushing liquid negative pressure suction device for high-speed arc discharge machining comprises a rotary main shaft, a tool electrode, a main shaft shell, a suction pump, a liquid storage tank and a flushing liquid pump, wherein the tool electrode is fixed on the rotary main shaft, and the rotary main shaft is connected to a machine tool main shaft in an insulating mode and rotates at a high speed along with the machine tool main shaft to realize mechanical motion arc breaking in the machining process; medium liquid circulates among the suction pump, the liquid storage tank, the flushing pump, the rotating spindle and the tool electrode in sequence, and the tool electrode adopts a single-hole liquid spraying structure; and a sheath sealing assembly is arranged among the rotating main shaft, the tool electrode and the suction pump, the tool electrode is enclosed in a variable sealing cavity enclosed by the sheath sealing assembly, the main shaft shell and the upper surface of the processing workpiece, and the suction pump is connected to the sheath sealing assembly, so that a negative pressure environment is provided for the variable sealing cavity to improve the stability of fluid power arc interruption.
Preferably, the sheath sealing assembly comprises an elastic telescopic wall, a rigid wall and a sealing ring, the upper end of the telescopic wall is connected to the lower portion of the outer wall surface of the spindle housing in a sealing mode, the sealing ring is circumferentially arranged on the wall surface of the bottom end of the telescopic wall in a surrounding mode, the rigid wall is arranged in the middle of the telescopic wall in the axial direction, a liquid discharging port is formed in the middle of the rigid wall, and the liquid discharging port is connected with the suction pump through a hydraulic pipe.
Preferably, the telescopic wall has telescopic elasticity in the vertical direction; the sealing ring is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall surface of the bottom end of the telescopic wall, and the bottom surface of the sealing ring is in sliding seal with the upper surface of the workpiece.
Preferably, the telescopic wall adopts an organ pipe or a corrugated pipe with a spring or elasticity; the pressure ranges of the flushing pump and the suction pump are 0.1 MPa-5 MPa.
Preferably, the tool electrode with the single-hole liquid spraying structure comprises an electrode body, a joint and an electrode liquid outlet channel; the joint is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part of the electrode body and is used for being connected with the rotating main shaft; and a through hole is formed in the axis of the electrode body to form the electrode liquid outlet channel, and the upper end of the electrode liquid outlet channel is communicated with the medium flow channel of the rotating main shaft.
Preferably, the flushing pump comprises a pump body and a control valve; the suction pump includes a pump body, a control valve, and a filter.
The high-speed electric arc machining method under the working fluid negative pressure suction environment is implemented by adopting the device, and the method comprises the following steps.
Preparing for electric arc machining, namely insulating and fixing a tool material on a workbench of a machine tool, fixing a tool electrode on a rotating main shaft, and fixedly connecting the rotating main shaft with a main shaft of the machine tool and keeping insulation; connecting the workpiece material and the tool electrode to two electrodes of a discharge power supply respectively; then the telescopic wall, the sealing ring and the liquid outlet are arranged at the lower part of the outer wall surface of the main shaft shell through the telescopic wall to form a variable sealing chamber; the discharge gap between the workpiece material and the tool electrode is set through a machine tool servo system (in high-speed arc machining, a discharge power supply, the workpiece material on a machine tool worktable, self-sustaining discharge plasma of the discharge gap and the tool electrode form a current loop, and arc discharge plasma formed by the discharge gap is controlled by a composite arc breaking mechanism, so that the workpiece material is prevented from being burnt, and the high-speed arc machining is realized).
High-speed vertical electric arc machining, namely, medium liquid in a liquid storage tank reaches a high-pressure state through a flushing pump and flows through internal flow channels of a rotating main shaft and a tool electrode to provide internal flushing liquid for a machining area; the inner flushing liquid realizes hydrodynamic arc breaking in a negative pressure environment of the variable sealing cavity, quickly flushes the eroded particles away from a processing gap, temporarily stores the eroded particles in the variable sealing cavity, and then is pumped back to a liquid storage tank of the machine tool by a suction pump through a liquid outlet on the rigid wall to form a liquid supply circulating system; the tool electrode is fed downwards, the vertical distance between the main shaft shell and the surface of the workpiece is shortened, the telescopic wall is continuously compressed, the sealing performance of the variable sealing chamber is not changed, and the electric arc milling processing in a negative pressure environment is ensured.
High-speed arc milling, namely, medium liquid in a liquid storage tank reaches a high-pressure state through a flushing pump and flows through an internal flow passage of a rotating main shaft and a tool electrode to provide internal flushing liquid for a machining area; the inner flushing liquid realizes hydrodynamic arc breaking in a negative pressure environment of the variable sealing cavity, quickly flushes the eroded particles away from a processing gap, temporarily stores the eroded particles in the variable sealing cavity, and then is pumped back to a liquid storage tank of the machine tool by a suction pump through a liquid outlet on the rigid wall to form a liquid supply circulating system; the tool electrode is transversely fed, the variable sealing chamber moves along with the main shaft shell, the sealing ring is always in contact with the surface of a workpiece and keeps sliding sealing under the action of the compressed telescopic wall, and arc milling under a negative pressure environment is guaranteed.
After the machining is finished and the discharging is stopped, the tool electrode is lifted up under the servo motion of the machine tool, the elastic compression of the telescopic wall still keeps the contact and sealing between the sealing ring and the surface of the workpiece in a certain stroke, the suction pump fully pumps away the liquid medium with metal corrosion particles until the lifting stroke exceeds the total length of the telescopic wall and the rigid wall when the telescopic wall and the rigid wall are freely suspended, and the machine is stopped.
The composite arc breaking mechanism comprises four aspects: high-speed fluid scouring is carried out on the discharge gap by adopting high-pressure working fluid, so that fluid dynamic arc disturbance or arc breakage is realized; the tool electrode rotates at a high speed along with the main shaft of the machine tool through the rotating main shaft, and forms relative motion with a workpiece material fixed on a worktable of the machine tool, so that arc breaking of mechanical motion is realized; due to the action of the negative pressure suction device, the arc discharge plasma in the discharge gap is in a negative pressure state, so that the balance discharge of the plasma is difficult to maintain, and the negative pressure arc interruption is realized; the pulse power supply is used as a discharge power supply to perform periodic electrical arc interruption. The control of the arc discharge plasma is realized through a combined arc breaking mechanism of the four.
Preferably, the discharge power supply adopts a periodic pulse power supply, the voltage value is 30-120V, the peak current is 50-10000A, and the provided pulse width and pulse interval range is 2-20000 mus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. under the action of the suction pump, the interior of the integrated sealing chamber is in a negative pressure environment and is filled with a liquid medium. The reasonable negative pressure environment enables the hydrodynamic arc breaking effect of the processing area to be more stable, pressure loss does not exist, the arc breaking effect is better, and the area of the periphery of the etching pit, which is not processed, of the corroded surface is effectively reduced. 2. The sealing cavity is filled with liquid medium, so that the cooling effect on the processing area is better, and the thickness of a heat affected layer on the processing surface is reduced. 3. Molten metal generated during the machining process does not splash onto surrounding non-machined surfaces and solidify. 4. The metal corrosion particles are taken away by the liquid medium more quickly, and abnormal discharge states such as short circuit, secondary discharge and the like are avoided. 5. Can realize two processing technologies of high-speed arc discharge milling and sinking processing. 6. Effectively reduce the noise in the high-speed electric arc machining process and protect the health of machine tool operators.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an internal flushing liquid negative pressure suction device for high-speed arc discharge machining according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tool electrode used in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1. rotating the main shaft; 2. a tool electrode; 21. an electrode body; 22. a joint; 23. an electrode liquid outlet channel; 3. a rigid wall surface; 4. a seal ring; 5. a spindle housing; 6. a telescoping wall; 7. a liquid discharge port; 8. a liquid flushing pump; 9. a suction pump; 10. a liquid storage tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-3, an internal flushing liquid negative pressure suction device for high-speed arc discharge machining comprises a rotary main shaft 1, a tool electrode 2, a main shaft shell 5, a suction pump 9, a liquid storage tank 10 and a flushing pump 8, wherein the tool electrode 2 is fixed on the rotary main shaft 1, the rotary main shaft 1 is connected to a machine tool main shaft in an insulating mode and rotates at a high speed along with the machine tool main shaft, and the rotary main shaft 1 is provided with an internal flow passage and is connected with a liquid supply system of a machine tool; the lower end of the rotating main shaft 1 is connected with the tool electrode 2, and high-pressure internal flushing liquid is provided for a machining area so as to realize mechanical motion arc breaking in the machining process. The medium liquid circulates in sequence among the suction pump 9, the liquid storage tank 10, the flushing pump 8, the rotary spindle 1, and the tool electrode 2. Wherein the flushing pump 8 comprises a pump body and a control valve; the suction pump 9 includes a pump body, a control valve, and a filter.
Wherein, the tool electrode 2 adopts a single-hole liquid spraying structure. A sheath sealing assembly is arranged among the rotary spindle 1, the tool electrode 2 and the suction pump 9, the tool electrode 2 is enclosed in a variable sealing cavity enclosed by the sheath sealing assembly, the spindle shell 5 and the upper surface of the processing workpiece, and the suction pump 9 is connected to the sheath sealing assembly, so that a negative pressure environment is provided for the variable sealing cavity to improve the stability of hydrodynamic arc interruption.
Variable seal chamber principle of action: under the action of the suction pump 9, a negative pressure environment is generated in the variable seal chamber, the expansion speed of the discharge plasma in the processing area is increased, and the stable state is difficult to maintain in the environment, so that the surface of the workpiece is prevented from being burnt. Under the negative pressure environment, the metal corrosion particles can flow out of the discharge gap along with the liquid medium more quickly, and the abnormal discharge state such as secondary discharge or short circuit is avoided.
The sheath sealing assembly comprises an elastic telescopic wall 6, a rigid wall 3 and a sealing ring 4, the upper end of the telescopic wall 6 is connected to the lower portion of the outer wall surface of the spindle housing 5 in a sealing mode, the sealing ring 4 is circumferentially arranged on the bottom end wall surface of the telescopic wall 6 in a surrounding mode, the rigid wall 3 is arranged in the middle of the telescopic wall 6 in the axial direction, a liquid discharge port 7 is formed in the middle of the rigid wall 3, and the liquid discharge port 7 is connected with the suction pump 9 through a hydraulic pipe or a suction pipeline.
The spindle housing 5 does not participate in the rotation motion of the rotating spindle 1, only has longitudinal or transverse feeding motion, and is hermetically connected with the upper part of the telescopic wall 6, so that the negative pressure of the variable closed chamber is not changed.
Further, the telescopic wall 6 has a telescopic elasticity in the vertical direction (i.e., the axial direction). When the tool electrode 2 is fed downward, the telescopic wall 6 is compressed; the sealing ring 4 is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall surface of the bottom end of the telescopic wall 6, and the bottom surface of the sealing ring 4 is in sliding seal with the upper surface of a workpiece. The upper end of the sealing ring 4 is connected with the lower part of the telescopic wall 6 in a sealing way, and the sealing ring has certain elasticity, so that the upper end of the sealing ring 4 is ensured to be in contact with the surface of a workpiece, and no gap is generated.
The sealing principle is as follows: when the tool electrode 2 moves upwards in a tool lifting manner, the telescopic wall 6 extends under the elastic action, so that the sealing ring 4 is always ensured to be in contact with the surface of a workpiece and no gap is generated.
In a specific embodiment, the telescopic wall 6 is an organ pipe or a corrugated pipe with a spring or elasticity; the pressure ranges of the flushing pump 8 and the suction pump 9 are 0.1 MPa-5 MPa.
Referring to fig. 3, the tool electrode 2 of the single-hole liquid-spraying type structure comprises an electrode body 21, a joint 22 and an electrode liquid outlet channel 23; the joint 22 is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part of the electrode body 21 and is used for being connected with the rotating main shaft 1; a through hole is formed in the axis of the electrode body 21 to form the electrode liquid outlet channel 23, and the upper end of the electrode liquid outlet channel 23 is communicated with the medium flow channel of the rotating main shaft 1.
Wherein the joint 22 is preferably a threaded joint.
Alternatively, the tool electrode 2 is in a porous liquid-spraying structure, namely, a plurality of electrode liquid outlet channels 23 are arranged in the parallel axial direction.
A fluid circuit; in the process of electric discharge machining, firstly, a flushing pump 8 pumps medium liquid in a liquid storage tank 10 of a machine tool, the medium liquid flows through a rotating main shaft 1 with an internal flow passage and a tool electrode 2 after being pressurized and then is flushed to a machining area, namely, a machine tool liquid supply system supplies high-pressure liquid medium to the machining area through the internal flow passage formed by connecting the rotating main shaft 1 and the tool electrode 2. After the high-pressure liquid medium realizes the processing cooling and the hydrodynamic arc breaking function, the high-pressure liquid medium is cached in a variable sealing chamber with a negative pressure environment around a processing area, the medium liquid fills the whole variable sealing chamber, and flows to a liquid storage tank 10 of a machine tool liquid supply system through a liquid discharge port 7, a suction pipeline and a suction pump 9 under the action of negative pressure generated by the suction pump 9; the medium liquid in the liquid storage tank 10 is circulated and supplied by the flushing pump 8.
The processing steps are as follows: during high-speed arc machining, medium liquid in the liquid storage tank 10 reaches a high-pressure state through the liquid pouring pump 8 and flows through the internal flow channel of the rotating main shaft 1 and the tool electrode 2 to provide internal flushing liquid for a machining area. The inner flushing liquid realizes hydrodynamic arc breaking in the negative pressure environment of the variable sealing cavity and quickly flushes the eroded particles away from the processing gap, temporarily stores the eroded particles in the variable sealing cavity, and then is pumped back to a machine tool liquid storage tank 10 through a liquid outlet 7 on the rigid wall 3 by a suction pump 9 to form a liquid supply circulation system. When the tool electrode 2 is fed downward, the vertical distance between the spindle housing 5 and the workpiece surface is shortened, the telescopic wall 6 continues to be compressed, and the sealing performance of the variable seal chamber is not changed. During high-speed arc milling, the tool electrode 2 is transversely fed, the variable sealing cavity moves along with the spindle shell 5, and the sealing ring 4 is always in contact with the surface of a workpiece and keeps sliding sealing under the action of the compressed telescopic wall 6. After the machining is finished and the discharging is stopped, the tool electrode 2 is lifted up under the servo motion of the machine tool, and the telescopic wall 6 is compressed, so that the contact sealing between the sealing ring 4 and the surface of the workpiece is still kept in a certain stroke, the liquid medium with metal corrosion particles is favorably fully pumped away by the suction pump 9, and the lifting stroke exceeds the total length of the telescopic wall 6 and the rigid wall 3 when the two walls are freely suspended.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a be used for interior towards liquid negative pressure suction device of high-speed arc discharge machining which characterized in that: the device comprises a rotary main shaft (1), a tool electrode (2), a main shaft shell (5), a suction pump (9), a liquid storage tank (10) and a flushing pump (8), wherein the tool electrode (2) is fixed on the rotary main shaft (1), the rotary main shaft (1) is connected to a machine tool main shaft in an insulating mode and rotates at a high speed along with the machine tool main shaft, and mechanical motion arc breaking in the machining process is achieved; medium liquid circulates among the suction pump (9), the liquid storage tank (10), the flushing pump (8), the rotating spindle (1) and the tool electrode (2) in sequence; the tool electrode (2) adopts a single-hole liquid spraying structure; a sheath sealing assembly is arranged among the rotating main shaft (1), the tool electrode (2) and the suction pump (9), the tool electrode (2) is enclosed in a variable sealing cavity which is enclosed by the sheath sealing assembly, the main shaft shell (5) and the upper surface of a processing workpiece, and the suction pump (9) is connected to the sheath sealing assembly, so that a negative pressure environment is provided for the variable sealing cavity to improve the stability of hydrodynamic arc interruption.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the sheath sealing assembly comprises an elastic telescopic wall (6), a rigid wall (3) and a sealing ring (4), the upper end of the telescopic wall (6) is connected to the lower portion of the outer wall surface of the spindle shell (5) in a sealing mode, the sealing ring (4) is circumferentially arranged on the bottom end wall surface of the telescopic wall (6) in a surrounding mode, the rigid wall (3) is arranged in the middle of the telescopic wall (6) in the axial direction, a liquid discharge port (7) is formed in the middle of the rigid wall (3), and the liquid discharge port (7) is connected with the suction pump (9) through a hydraulic pipe.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the telescopic wall (6) has telescopic elasticity in the vertical direction; the sealing ring (4) is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall surface of the bottom end of the telescopic wall (6), and the bottom surface of the sealing ring (4) is in sliding seal with the upper surface of a workpiece.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the telescopic wall (6) adopts an organ pipeline or a corrugated pipe which is internally provided with a spring or has elasticity; the pressure ranges of the flushing pump (8) and the suction pump (9) are 0.1 MPa-5 MPa.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the tool electrode (2) with the single-hole liquid spraying structure comprises an electrode body (21), a joint (22) and an electrode liquid outlet channel (23); the joint (22) is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part of the electrode body (21) and is used for being connected with the rotating main shaft (1); and a through hole is formed in the axis of the electrode body (21) to form the electrode liquid outlet channel (23), and the upper end of the electrode liquid outlet channel (23) is communicated with the medium flow channel of the rotating main shaft (1).
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the flushing pump (8) comprises a pump body and a control valve; the suction pump (9) comprises a pump body, a control valve and a filter.
7. A method for using a negative pressure suction device of internal flushing liquid in high-speed arc discharge machining is characterized in that:
preparing for electric arc machining, namely insulating and fixing a tool material on a workbench of a machine tool, fixing a tool electrode (2) on a rotating main shaft (1), and fixedly connecting the rotating main shaft (1) with a main shaft of the machine tool and keeping insulation; connecting the workpiece material and the tool electrode (2) to two poles of a discharge power supply respectively; then the telescopic wall (6), the sealing ring (4) and the liquid discharge port (7) are arranged at the lower part of the outer wall surface of the main shaft shell (5) through the telescopic wall (6) to form a variable sealing chamber; setting a discharge gap between a workpiece material and a tool electrode (2) by a machine tool servo system;
in high-speed vertical electric arc machining, medium liquid in a liquid storage tank (10) reaches a high-pressure state through a flushing pump (8) and flows through internal flow channels of a rotating main shaft (1) and a tool electrode (2) to provide internal flushing liquid for a machining area; the inner flushing liquid realizes hydrodynamic arc breaking in a negative pressure environment of the variable sealing cavity, quickly flushes the eroded particles away from a processing gap, temporarily stores the eroded particles in the variable sealing cavity, and then is pumped back to a liquid storage tank (10) of the machine tool by a suction pump (9) through a liquid outlet (7) on the rigid wall (3) to form a liquid supply circulating system; the tool electrode (2) is fed downwards, the vertical distance between the main shaft shell (5) and the surface of a workpiece is shortened, the telescopic wall (6) is continuously compressed, the sealing performance of the variable sealing chamber is not changed, and the electric arc milling processing in a negative pressure environment is ensured;
high-speed electric arc milling, wherein medium liquid in a liquid storage tank (10) reaches a high-pressure state through a flushing pump (8) and flows through internal flow channels of a rotating main shaft (1) and a tool electrode (2) to provide internal flushing liquid for a machining area; the inner flushing liquid realizes hydrodynamic arc breaking in a negative pressure environment of the variable sealing cavity, quickly flushes the eroded particles away from a processing gap, temporarily stores the eroded particles in the variable sealing cavity, and then is pumped back to a liquid storage tank (10) of the machine tool by a suction pump (9) through a liquid outlet (7) on the rigid wall (3) to form a liquid supply circulating system; the tool electrode (2) is transversely fed, the variable sealing chamber moves along with the spindle shell (5), and the sealing ring (4) is always in contact with the surface of a workpiece and keeps sliding sealing under the action of the compressed telescopic wall (6), so that the electric arc milling processing under a negative pressure environment is ensured;
after the machining is finished and the discharge is stopped, the tool electrode (2) is lifted upwards under the servo motion of the machine tool, the elastic compression of the telescopic wall (6) still keeps the contact and sealing of the sealing ring (4) and the surface of the workpiece in a certain stroke, the suction pump (9) fully pumps away the liquid medium with metal corrosion particles until the lifting stroke exceeds the total length of the telescopic wall (6) and the rigid wall (3) when the telescopic wall and the rigid wall are freely suspended, and the machine is stopped.
8. The high-speed arc processing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the discharge power supply adopts a periodic pulse power supply, the voltage value is 30-120V, the peak current is 50-10000A, and the range of the pulse width and the pulse interval is 2-20000 mus.
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| CN114535732A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-27 | 上海交通大学 | Forced liquid pumping and chip removal machining device and method for high-speed electric spark small hole machining |
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| CN111673209B (en) | 2021-09-07 |
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