CN111673182A

CN111673182A - Rotation preventing mechanism of main shaft broach mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN111673182A
Application number: CN202010364387.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄绍样; 汤丽君; 詹邦藩; 栾新新; 李坚; 李鑫池; 李博文; 汤秀清
Original assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-30
Filing date: 2020-04-30
Publication date: 2020-09-18

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-rotation mechanism of a main shaft broach mechanism, which comprises a pull rod and a shaft core component, wherein the pull rod is accommodated in the shaft core component, the anti-rotation mechanism of the main shaft broach mechanism also comprises an upper anti-rotation component, a double-wound spring and a thrust bearing, the upper anti-rotation component is matched with the pull rod and the shaft core component to circumferentially lock the pull rod and the shaft core component, the double-wound spring is sleeved between the pull rod and the shaft core component, the thrust bearing is sleeved on the pull rod, one end of the double-wound spring is buckled with the pull rod, the other end of the double-wound spring is contacted with the thrust bearing, when the double-wound spring generates torsional force, the torsional force at the upper end of the double-wound spring is transmitted to the pull rod, the anti-rotation component enables the upper end of the pull rod to limit, the thrust bearing offsets the torsional force at the lower end of the double-wound spring, through the design, the upper anti-rotation component inhibits the relative deflection between the main shaft broach mechanism and the shaft core component, and avoids the alarm of overlarge current load of a machine tool system caused by correcting the deflection of the shaft core; the thrust bearing offsets the torsion force when the double-wound spring is pressed down, and the problem that the excircle of the double-wound spring is excessively increased is solved.

Description

Rotation preventing mechanism of main shaft broach mechanism

Technical Field

The invention relates to a spindle, in particular to an anti-rotation mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism.

Background

The most common main shaft broach mechanism is a disc spring broach mechanism, and the spring broach mechanism is a relatively novel broach mechanism. Compared with a disc spring broach mechanism, the disc spring broach mechanism is simple in structure, long in service life and convenient to maintain. The main shaft is at the in-process of changing the handle of a knife, unloads the external force that the sword mechanism applyed at the pull rod top, drives the spring and pushes down, pushes down the in-process spring and can produce the torsional force along the rotatory spiral direction, thereby leads to broach mechanism to have relative rotation in the axle core and drive the rotation of axle core. The process that the spindle core deflects at a certain angle can cause the alarm that the current load rate of a machine tool system is overlarge for the spindle which is provided with a precise encoder for positioning.

The relative rotation of broach mechanism and axle core can cause broach mechanism and axle core to have wearing and tearing of different degrees in the long-term handle of a knife change in-process of main shaft, influences the life of part. The movable related parts have uncertain relative position changes, and the original dynamic balance setting of the main shaft is damaged. When the main shaft runs, the vibration of the main shaft is increased, the unbalance of the main shaft is poor, and the machining precision of the main shaft is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the anti-rotation mechanism of the main shaft broach mechanism, which effectively solves the problem that when the main shaft is replaced, a lathe system alarms due to overlarge current load rate and reduces the abrasion between the broach mechanism and the shaft core.

The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a main shaft broach mechanism prevent changeing mechanism, includes pull rod and axle core subassembly, the pull rod accept in axle core subassembly, main shaft broach mechanism prevent changeing the mechanism still including preventing changeing subassembly, two around spring and thrust bearing, on prevent changeing the subassembly with the pull rod reaches the cooperation of axle core subassembly makes the pull rod reaches axle core subassembly circumference locking, two around the spring housing locate the pull rod reaches between the axle core subassembly, the thrust bearing cover is located the pull rod, two around spring one end with the pull rod buckle, the other end with the thrust bearing contact, work as when two around the spring produces torsional force, two around spring upper end torsional force transmit to the pull rod, prevent changeing the subassembly and make the pull rod upper end is spacing, thrust bearing will two around spring lower extreme torsional force offsets.

Further, the upper anti-rotation assembly comprises a bolt, the pull rod is provided with a mounting hole, the shaft core assembly is provided with a straight notch, and the bolt is contained in the mounting hole and the straight notch.

Furthermore, the upper anti-rotation component further comprises a sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the shaft core component to prevent the bolt from moving.

Further, the extending direction of the straight notch is the same as the extending direction of the shaft core assembly, so that the pull rod can axially move relative to the shaft core assembly.

Further, the thrust bearing comprises an upper thrust washer, a retainer, a rolling body and a lower thrust washer, wherein the upper thrust washer and the lower thrust washer are respectively provided with a roller path, the retainer is positioned between the upper thrust washer and the lower thrust washer, and the rolling body is installed on the retainer and contained between the upper thrust washer and the lower thrust washer.

Further, one end of the double-wound spring is a plane, and the plane is in contact with the upper push pad.

Furthermore, one end of the double-winding spring is provided with a boss, the pull rod is provided with a groove, and the boss is embedded into the groove.

Furthermore, the anti-rotation mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism further comprises a coding disc, and the coding disc is fixed at the end part of the spindle core component.

Furthermore, dense fluff is implanted on the surface of the double-wound spring, so that the double-wound spring can correct itself.

Furthermore, the rotation preventing mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism further comprises a pull claw assembly, and the pull claw assembly is installed at the tail end of the pull rod.

Compared with the prior art, the main shaft broach mechanism has the following advantages:

(1) the upper anti-rotation component inhibits the relative deflection between the main shaft broach mechanism and the shaft core component.

(2) The thrust bearing offsets the torsion force when the double-wound spring is pressed down, solves the difficult problem that the excircle of the double-wound spring is excessively increased, improves the condition that parts such as an anti-rotation structure and the like are seriously abraded due to the torsion trend of the double-wound spring, and ensures that the service life of the main shaft broach mechanism is longer. The method and the device prevent the spindle motor from setting the given current for correcting the deflection of the spindle core to be always in a low level in the long-term frequent tool changing process, and avoid the alarm of the machine tool system caused by overlarge current load.

(3) The positioning mode of the spring broach mechanism abandons the defect that the excircle of the disc spring in the disc spring broach mechanism can not be used as a positioning position and the pull rod is used as a positioning position, the self-correcting function is achieved after double-winding spring flocking is applied, and a stable positioning structure is formed by three-point positioning consisting of the excircle of the big head end of the pull rod, the excircle of the whole body after double-winding spring flocking and the excircle of the pulling claw assembly. In the spring broach mechanism, because the pull rod is not used for positioning the double-wound spring, the additional mass of the bending deformation of the pull rod caused by the high-speed centrifugation of the disc spring is not arranged on the pull rod in the high-speed operation process of the main shaft, and the bending deformation of the pull rod is smaller. And the inner hole of the double-winding spring is larger than that of the disc spring, so that the pull rod can be thicker, the anti-bending deformation capacity of the pull rod is improved, and the stability of parts of the broach mechanism in the tool changing process is further improved. The main shaft can ensure that the parts of the broach mechanism can not change in relative positions in the long-term frequent tool changing process, the original unbalance amount of the main shaft changes very little, and the integral vibration of the main shaft is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an anti-rotation mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of an anti-rotation mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the anti-rotation mechanism A of the spindle broach mechanism of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is an exploded view of a thrust bearing of the spindle broach mechanism of fig. 2.

In the figure: 10. a nut; 20. a code disc; 30. an upper anti-rotation component; 31. a bolt; 32. a sleeve; 40. a pull rod; 41. mounting holes; 50. a double-wound spring; 60. a spindle assembly; 61. a straight notch; 70. a thrust bearing; 71. an upper thrust washer; 72. a holder; 73. a rolling body; 74. a lower thrust washer; 740. a raceway; 80. a pull pawl assembly; 90. a knife handle.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present, secured by intervening elements. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly disposed on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an anti-rotation mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to the present invention includes a nut 10, a code disc 20, an upper anti-rotation assembly 30, a pull rod 40, a double-wound spring 50, a spindle core assembly 60, a thrust bearing 70, a pull claw assembly 80, and a tool shank 90.

The code wheel 20 is internally threaded to mate with the spindle assembly 60.

The upper anti-rotation assembly 30 includes a pin 31 and a sleeve 32.

The matching part of the pull rod 40 and the boss of the double-wound spring 50 is designed with a groove, and the matching part with the bolt 31 is designed with a mounting hole 41.

One end of the double-wound spring 50 is designed with a boss on a plane, and the other end is designed with a plane. The surface of the double-wound spring 50 is planted with fluff which is dense, tough, extremely difficult to drop and has a good self-lubricating effect. After the main shaft runs at a high speed, the excircle is attached to the hole wall of the inner hole of the shaft core assembly 60 through centrifugal expansion generated by the double-wound spring 50, and the attachment is more compact due to the dense fluff structure of the double-wound spring 50, so that the double-wound spring 50 has the functions of self-correction and centered and symmetrical position.

The axial core assembly 60 is provided with a straight notch 61, and the extending direction of the straight notch 61 is the same as the extending direction of the axial core assembly 60, so that the pull rod 40 can axially move relative to the axial core assembly 60.

The thrust bearing 70 includes an upper thrust washer 71, a cage 72, rolling bodies 73, and a lower thrust washer 74. The upper thrust washer 71 and the lower thrust washer 74 are provided with a raceway 740, respectively, and the rolling bodies 73 can roll annularly around the raceway 740. The rolling bodies 73 are mounted in the cage 72 between the upper thrust washer 71 and the lower thrust washer 74. The upper thrust washer 71 and the lower thrust washer 74 can rotate with one stationary and the other.

When the rotation preventing mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism is assembled, the boss of the double-wound spring 50 is embedded into the corresponding groove of the pull rod 40 to fix the two, and the thrust bearing 70 is assembled in the plane end of the double-wound spring 50 and then assembled in the spindle core assembly 60. The code wheel 20 is locked to the spindle assembly 60 by a threaded connection. The bolt 31 of the upper anti-rotation component 30 extends into the mounting hole 41 of the pull rod 40 and the straight notch 61 of the spindle component 60, so that the pull rod 40 and the spindle component 60 are locked circumferentially, and the pull rod 40 and the spindle component 60 can move axially. The nut 10 is mounted to the end of the drawbar 40. Finally, a pull jaw assembly 80 is mounted from the other end of the spindle assembly 60 to form the finished spindle broach mechanism.

Principle of restraining deflection of shaft core

When the main shaft provided with the precision encoder for positioning is positioned, the corresponding current is given by the main shaft motor to generate corresponding torsional force, and the deflection of the shaft core is corrected. When the tool shank 90 is replaced, the larger the torsional force generated by the spring is, the larger the current given by the motor for correcting the deflection of the shaft core is, and the alarm that the current load of a machine tool system is overlarge can be given when the current exceeds the design upper limit. In order to prevent the spindle shaft from deflecting due to the relative rotation of the pull rod 40 in the spindle core assembly 60 when the tool shank 90 is replaced, a deflection-preventing mechanism must be provided to ensure that the pull rod 40 moves only one degree of freedom up and down in the movement of the spindle shaft in the spindle core assembly 60.

When unloading the sword structure and pushing down, external force F that it produced, under the combined action of the resilience force of double-wound spring 50, unload the face that sword structure 200 and pull rod 40 contacted each other and produce frictional force, only frictional force is not enough to prevent the torsional force to accomplish the task that the broach mechanism prevented changeing, the limiting displacement intervention work of bolt 31 and pull rod 40 and axle core subassembly 60 at this moment makes pull rod 40 and axle core subassembly 60 circumference locking, has guaranteed that main shaft axle core subassembly 60 can not deflect along with the process of main shaft tool changing.

Principle of counteracting spring torsion

During the process of replacing the tool shank 90, the double-wound spring 50 generates huge resilience force and torsional force when compressed. Because the conventional spring broach mechanism has no thrust bearing 70 structure, the resilience of the double-wound spring 50 generates friction force on the lower end face of the double-wound spring 50, which is in common contact with the shaft core assembly 60, so that the double-wound spring and the shaft core assembly are relatively fixed. Meanwhile, the anti-rotation structure limits the twisting tendency of the upper end surface of the double-wound spring 50. When the double-wound spring 50 is compressed, the overall excircle of the double-wound spring 50 is excessively increased due to the generation of torsional force, the inner wall of the shaft core assembly 60 is extruded, and the anti-rotation structural parts and other related contact parts are seriously abraded through the long-time frequent tool changing process of the main shaft, so that the vibration performance of the main shaft is seriously influenced. After the spring broach mechanism is designed into a structure of the thrust bearing 70, due to the structure that the upper thrust washer 71 and the lower thrust washer 74 can rotate relatively independently, when the double-wound spring 50 is pressed down, the generated torsional force automatically guides the upper thrust washer 71 of the thrust bearing 70 to rotate synchronously through the lower end face of the spring, and the torsional force is counteracted. Not only solves the dilemma of excessive increase of the whole excircle of the double-wound spring 50, but also greatly improves the condition of serious abrasion of parts such as an anti-rotation structure and the like caused by the twisting trend of the double-wound spring 50, and ensures that the service life of the main shaft broach mechanism is longer.

Principle of spindle vibration control:

traditional dish spring broach mechanism, belleville spring pass through stamping forming, because mould or the reason of the batch of dish spring lead to dish spring hole and external diameter size discrepancy during the punching press, and the uniformity is than relatively poor. And dozens of hundreds of disc springs are needed to assemble a complete disc spring broach mechanism. Because the consistency of the inner hole of the disc spring is poor, after the disc spring is assembled to the pull rod 40, the gap formed by the inner hole of the disc spring and the pull rod 40 is inconsistent, and the inner hole of the spindle shaft core assembly 60 is not matched with the excircle of the disc spring, so that the gap is large. The disc spring is most likely to swing in the high-speed rotation process of the main shaft, and the pull rod 40 can also be randomly bent and deformed, so that the relative position of the disc spring of the main shaft is changed, the original dynamic balance of the main shaft is damaged, and the vibration condition of the main shaft is influenced.

The surface of the double-winding spring 50 in the spring broach mechanism is implanted with fluff which is dense, tough, extremely difficult to drop and has a good self-lubricating effect. In the design of the spindle, the inner bore of the spindle assembly 60 is designed to have the correct clearance from the outer circumference of the double wrap spring 50. After the main shaft runs at a high speed, the excircle is attached to the hole wall of the inner hole of the shaft core assembly 60 through centrifugal expansion generated by the double-wound spring 50, and the double-wound spring 50 is tightly attached due to a dense villus structure, so that the double-wound spring 50 has the functions of self-correction and centered and symmetrical positions. Thus, the double wrap spring 50 no longer acts like a disc spring and uses the pull rod 40 as a stop to limit its whipping motion. Meanwhile, the outer circle of the large head end of the pull rod 40 and the outer circle of the pull claw assembly 80 are designed to have a small gap with the inner hole of the shaft core assembly 60, so that the positioning error of the pull rod 40 and the pull claw assembly 80 is ensured to be extremely small. Thus, the inner hole of the shaft core assembly 60 is used as a reference, and three-point positioning consisting of the outer circle of the large end of the pull rod 40, the outer circle of the double-wound spring 50 and the outer circle of the pull claw assembly 80 has extremely strong stability, so that the whole broaching tool mechanism and the shaft core assembly 60 are on the same axis, and the relative change of relevant parts of the broaching tool mechanism can not be caused along with the broaching process of loosening the main shaft. When the double-winding spring 50 is designed, under the conditions of ensuring the spring force and prolonging the service life, the inner hole of the double-winding spring 50 can be larger than the inner hole of the disc spring, and the size of the excircle of the pull rod 40 matched with the inner hole of the double-winding spring 50 can be larger, so that the pull rod 40 has stronger capacity of resisting any bending deformation in the process of high-speed operation of the main shaft, the probability of deformation of parts is further reduced, the vibration stability of the main shaft is better, and the vibration controllability of the main shaft is greatly improved. Based on the design invention, the spring broach mechanism and the anti-rotation structure thereof can be widely applied to high-speed and ultrahigh-speed spindles.

Through the design, the anti-rotation mechanism of the main shaft broach mechanism is simple in structure, easy to machine, convenient and fast to install, stable in performance, high in practical value and universality and capable of being widely applied to the existing main shaft. The spring broach mechanism is compared under the condition of existence of an anti-rotation structure, the unloading load rate of the spindle with the anti-rotation structure is reduced by 25-30%, the load rate value is stable, and the alarm caused by overlarge current load rate of a lathe system when the tool holder 90 of the spindle is replaced is effectively avoided. Meanwhile, after the main shaft is subjected to tool changing for more than 500 ten thousand times, the parts of the broach mechanism cannot be subjected to relative position change, and the aim of small overall vibration change of the main shaft is fulfilled. Therefore, the spring broach mechanism with the anti-rotation structure has extremely strong vibration holding performance and can be effectively applied to main shafts with different rotating speeds.

The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all equivalent modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the invention, which falls into the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a main shaft broach mechanism prevents that favourable turn constructs, includes pull rod and axle core subassembly, the pull rod accept in axle core subassembly, its characterized in that: the main shaft broach mechanism prevent changeing the mechanism and still include and prevent changeing subassembly, two around spring and thrust bearing, on prevent changeing the subassembly with the pull rod reaches the cooperation of axle core subassembly makes the pull rod reaches axle core subassembly circumference locking, two around the spring housing locate the pull rod reaches between the axle core subassembly, the thrust bearing housing is located the pull rod, two around spring one end with the pull rod buckle, the other end with the thrust bearing contact, work as when two around the spring produces torsional force, two around spring upper end torsional force transmit to the pull rod, it makes to prevent changeing the subassembly the pull rod upper end is spacing, thrust bearing will two around spring lower extreme torsional force offset.

2. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper anti-rotation assembly comprises a bolt, the pull rod is provided with a mounting hole, the shaft core assembly is provided with a straight groove opening, and the bolt is contained in the mounting hole and the straight groove opening.

3. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper anti-rotation component further comprises a sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the shaft core component to prevent the bolt from moving.

4. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: the extending direction of the straight notch is the same as that of the shaft core assembly, so that the pull rod can axially move relative to the shaft core assembly.

5. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thrust bearing comprises an upper thrust washer, a retainer, a rolling body and a lower thrust washer, wherein the upper thrust washer and the lower thrust washer are respectively provided with a roller path, the retainer is positioned between the upper thrust washer and the lower thrust washer, and the rolling body is arranged on the retainer and contained between the upper thrust washer and the lower thrust washer.

6. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: one end of the double-wound spring is a plane, and the plane is in contact with the upper push pad.

7. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the double-winding spring is provided with a boss, the pull rod is provided with a groove, and the boss is embedded into the groove.

8. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anti-rotation mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism further comprises a coding disc, and the coding disc is fixed at the end part of the shaft core assembly.

9. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: dense villi are planted on the surface of the double-wound spring, so that the double-wound spring can correct itself.

10. The rotation preventing mechanism of a spindle broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation preventing mechanism of the spindle broach mechanism further comprises a pull claw assembly, and the pull claw assembly is installed at the tail end of the pull rod.