CN111670692B - Control method for exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material - Google Patents
Control method for exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111670692B CN111670692B CN202010451583.5A CN202010451583A CN111670692B CN 111670692 B CN111670692 B CN 111670692B CN 202010451583 A CN202010451583 A CN 202010451583A CN 111670692 B CN111670692 B CN 111670692B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alfalfa
- low
- moisture
- raw material
- width
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/12—Dehydration
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling exogenous coarse ash of a low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, adjusting the suitable harvest period of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw materials from the bud period or the initial flowering period to the flowering period. Secondly, adopting a full-process mechanical stem fracturing harvesting mode for the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw materials; thirdly, controlling the harvesting stubble height of the alfalfa ensilage raw materials to be 7-9 cm; fourthly, the half-dry alfalfa ensilage raw material is properly spread and dried to have a width accounting for 70-75% of the cutting width; and fifthly, adjusting the ground clearance of rake teeth of the rake, wherein the ground clearance is properly controlled to be 15-20 mm. The method can obviously improve the quality of the low-moisture alfalfa silage, reduce the loss of dry matters and nutrients in the silage process, effectively ensure the feeding safety of livestock such as cows and the like, improve the production performance, and realize the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the alfalfa industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling coarse ash of alfalfa ensilage raw materials, in particular to a method for controlling exogenous coarse ash of alfalfa ensilage raw materials with low moisture (50-65%).
Background
The alfalfa low-moisture ensiling is the most effective processing and blending method for solving the problems of difficult blending, large loss, poor quality and the like of alfalfa hay in China in rainy season. However, the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material is very easy to bring exogenous ash such as soil and atmospheric sediment in the processes of ridge collection, tedding and picking up, so that the exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material is too high, harmful microorganisms such as clostridium and the like are increased, and butyric acid fermentation is caused, and the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material becomes one of the most critical factors for restricting the quality of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling. The method has the advantages that the exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material is effectively controlled, the yield and the nutrition quality of digestible nutrient substances of the raw material are considered, the alfalfa silage quality can be obviously improved, the loss of dry matters and nutrients in the silage process is reduced, and the method has important significance for ensuring the feeding safety of livestock such as cows and the like and improving the production performance. Research on establishing an exogenous ash control technology of alfalfa raw materials is a key for realizing the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of low-moisture alfalfa ensilage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling exogenous coarse ash of a low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material, which can economically and effectively control the exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material in the whole process, inhibit the quantity of harmful microorganisms such as clostridium and the like and butyric acid fermentation, give consideration to the harvest yield and the nutrition quality of digestible nutrient substances of the raw material, obviously improve the quality of the low-moisture alfalfa silage, reduce the loss of dry matters and nutrients in the silage process, effectively ensure the feeding safety of dairy cows and the like, improve the production performance and realize the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the alfalfa industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for controlling exogenous coarse ash of a low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, comprehensively considering biological yield, nutritional quality and exogenous ash, and adjusting the suitable harvest period of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage alfalfa raw materials from the bud period or the initial flowering period to the flowering period.
And secondly, considering rapid dehydration and reducing the entrance of exogenous ash during airing, and adopting a whole-process mechanical stem fracturing harvesting mode for the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw material.
And step three, comprehensively considering the biological yield, the nutritional quality and the exogenous ash, and controlling the harvesting stubble height of the alfalfa ensilage raw material to be 7-9 cm.
And fourthly, considering the tedding, the ridge-collecting operation efficiency, the rolling of mechanical tires, the control of exogenous ash content and the like, the half-dry alfalfa ensilage raw material is suitable for tedding with the width accounting for 70-75% of the cutting width.
And fifthly, comprehensively considering the loss of dry matter of the raw materials and the control of the content of exogenous ash in the raw materials, and reasonably adjusting the ground clearance of rake teeth of the rake, wherein the ground clearance is properly controlled to be 15-20 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a method for controlling exogenous coarse ash of a low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, which effectively controls the exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material (50-65%) in the whole process by reasonably adjusting the harvest time of the alfalfa raw material, adopting a whole-process mechanical stem fracturing harvest mode, scientifically adjusting the appropriate stubble height, the appropriate tedding width of the raw material, the ground clearance of rake teeth of a rake, and the like, inhibiting the quantity of harmful microorganisms such as clostridium and the like and butyric acid fermentation, considering the harvest yield and the nutritional quality of digestible nutritional substances of the raw material, obviously improving the quality of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, and reducing the loss of dry matters and nutrients in the ensilage process. The method can also effectively ensure the feeding safety of the livestock such as dairy cows and the like and improve the production performance of the livestock.
The low-moisture alfalfa silage prepared by the method has good color, smell and state, excellent fermentation quality, basically no butyric acid detected, less loss of dry matters and nutrient substances, improved palatability and digestibility, good feeding effect and safe, high-quality and high-efficiency low-moisture alfalfa ensiling work and feeding utilization. Therefore, the method effectively solves the problems of increase of harmful microorganisms such as clostridium and the like, abnormal fermentation of butyric acid and poor alfalfa silage quality caused by overhigh exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material, considers the harvest yield and the nutrition quality of digestible nutrient substances of the raw material, and has great significance for guiding the production of the low-moisture alfalfa silage.
The method is economical and effective, is easy to operate, can be applied to all alfalfa production areas in China, and has important application value for solving the problems of difficult modulation, large loss, poor quality and the like of alfalfa hay in China in rainy season and realizing the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of low-moisture alfalfa ensilage.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for controlling exogenous coarse ash of a low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the harvest period of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage alfalfa raw materials from the bud period or the initial flowering period to the flowering period;
secondly, optimizing and adjusting the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw material harvesting mode, wherein the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw material harvesting mode is adjusted into a whole-course mechanical stalk fracturing harvesting mode through artificial mowing and common mechanical mowing;
and thirdly, scientifically planning the stubble remaining height for harvesting the alfalfa raw materials of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage, and adjusting the stubble remaining height to be 7-9cm from the traditional low stubble remaining height of 4-6cm and the high stubble remaining height of 8-10 cm.
And fourthly, regulating the tedding width of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material to be 70-75% of the tedding width from low width (the tedding width accounts for 50-60% of the cutting width) and high width (the tedding width accounts for 70-80% of the cutting width).
And fifthly, adjusting the ground clearance of rake teeth of the rake according to parameters such as the flatness of the alfalfa land, the thickness of the swath, the height of cut stubble and the like, wherein the ground clearance is properly controlled to be 15-20 mm.
The following are relevant experimental studies using the method of the invention:
and (3) test treatment:
treatment 1: different harvesting periods of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw materials;
and (3) treatment 2: different harvesting modes of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw materials;
and (3) treatment: harvesting the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw material to leave stubble height;
and (4) treatment: spreading and drying the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material to be wide;
and (4) treatment 5: ground clearance of rake teeth of the rake;
CK (control): a traditional harvesting method of low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw materials;
and (6) treatment: a control method of exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw materials.
The application method comprises the following steps:
harvesting the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw materials according to the method. Preparing low-moisture alfalfa silage: cutting the alfalfa raw material into pieces with the length of 1.5-2.0cm, and wrapping the cut pieces with a stretch film for ensiling; the additive is a compound lactobacillus preparation, and the adding proportion is 0.001 percent of the fresh weight of the raw materials; the compacted density is 700kg/m3(ii) a Samples were taken for analysis 45 days after ensiling.
And (3) test results:
in table 1: the evaluation indexes are the most important, namely the yield of the digestible nutrient substances in unit area and the relative feed value RFV (RFV value) of the alfalfa silage comprehensive evaluation index. Comprehensively considering the two evaluation indexes, the suitable harvest period of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw materials is the flowering period, and the harvest yield of digestible nutrient substances per unit area and the relative feed value RFV value are the highest in the period; the suitable harvesting mode of the raw materials is harvesting by a stalk fracturing machine, and the yield of the digestible nutrient substances in unit area and the relative feed value RFV value are highest by adopting the harvesting mode; the height of the left stubble is 10cm, although the RFV value is the highest, the difference with the left stubble is not obvious, the difference is 7cm, 8cm and 9cm, but the harvest yield of digestible nutrient substances in unit area is obviously lower than that of the left stubble of 7cm, 8cm and 9cm, so that the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material is suitable for harvesting and keeping the height of the left stubble of 7-9 cm; the yield of the digestible nutrient substances per unit area and the relative feed value RFV value are both improved along with the increase of the tedding width of the raw material, but when the tedding width is increased to 80 percent of the cutting width, the yield of the digestible nutrient substances per unit area and the relative feed value RFV value begin to be reduced, both the yield of the digestible nutrient substances per unit area and the relative feed value RFV value are lower than the processing that the tedding width accounts for 70 percent and 75 percent of the cutting width, which is probably related to the dry matter loss and the soil entrainment caused by excessive rolling of the alfalfa raw material by wheels due to the excessively wide tedding width, so that the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material is suitable for being tedded with the tedding width accounting for 70-75 percent of the cutting width; the higher the ground clearance of the rake teeth of the rake, the larger the RFV value of the alfalfa silage, but the yield of the digestible nutrient substances in unit area is obviously reduced, so the RFV value of the alfalfa silage and the yield of the digestible nutrient substances in unit area are comprehensively considered, and the ground clearance of the rake teeth of the rake is preferably 15-20 mm.
The harvesting scheme for effectively controlling the exogenous coarse ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material comprehensively considers the harvest yield of digestible nutrient substances of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, the nutrition quality of the raw material, the mechanical operation efficiency, the rolling of mechanical tires, the exogenous ash content and the ensilage fermentation quality: the alfalfa raw materials are harvested in the flowering period, a full-process mechanized stem fracturing harvesting mode is adopted, the alfalfa harvesting stubble height is 7-9cm, the tedding width of the alfalfa raw materials accounts for 70% -75% of the cutting width, and the ground clearance of rake teeth of a grass rake is 15-20 mm.
The method for controlling the exogenous coarse ash of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material is established by integrating key technical measures of the alfalfa raw material in a suitable harvesting period, a whole-process mechanical stem fracturing harvesting mode, a suitable harvesting stubble height, an alfalfa raw material tedding width, a rake tooth ground clearance of a rake and the like, the whole-process control of the exogenous coarse ash of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material is realized, and the yield and the nutritional quality of digestible nutritional substances of the raw material are considered.
Table 2 shows that the harvest of alfalfa feedstock using the low moisture alfalfa silage feedstock exogenous coarse ash control method results in a feedstock digestible nutrient harvest yield, alfalfa silage lactic acid content, RFV value significantly higher than the control, while the feedstock exogenous ash content, alfalfa silage pH value, butyric acid content are significantly lower than the control. The evaluation is carried out by referring to the 2017 alfalfa quality classification standard of the Chinese animal husbandry Association, the alfalfa silage quality modulated by the method belongs to the superior grade (RFV & gt 170 & lt 185), the control belongs to the secondary grade (RFV & gt 130 & lt 150), the alfalfa silage quality differs from the primary grade by 2 grades, and the difference of the selling price per ton is as high as about 200 yuan.
TABLE 1 Effect of different feedstock harvesting methods on the exogenous ash content of alfalfa silage feedstock and alfalfa silage quality (DM: dry matter weight)
Note: the english letters following each column number indicate the degree of significance of the difference, with no significant difference at the 0.05 level between treatments with at least one identical letter and no significant difference at the 0.05 level between treatments with identical letters. Except for the harvest period treatment, the harvest periods of other treated raw materials are florescence. The same treatment is carried out, and other treatment modes are consistent (all the optimal parameters in the method). RFV is the silage relative feed value and DM is the dry matter weight.
TABLE 2 influence of the method for controlling the exogenous coarse ash content of alfalfa silage feedstock on the exogenous ash content of alfalfa feedstock and the alfalfa silage quality (DM: weight of dry matter)
Note: the contrast is harvesting in the initial flowering period, cutting and flattening, stubble remaining by 5cm, tedding width accounting for 60% of cutting width, and rake teeth clearance of a rake being 10mm from the ground. The english letters following each column number indicate the degree of significance of the difference, with no significant difference at the 0.05 level between treatments with at least one identical letter and no significant difference at the 0.05 level between treatments with identical letters. RFV is the relative feed value and DM is the dry matter weight.
Claims (1)
1. A control method of exogenous coarse ash of a low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the harvest period of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage alfalfa raw materials from the bud period or the initial flowering period to the flowering period;
secondly, optimizing and adjusting the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw material harvesting mode, wherein the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling alfalfa raw material harvesting mode is adjusted into a whole-course mechanical stalk fracturing harvesting mode through artificial mowing and common mechanical mowing;
thirdly, scientifically planning the harvesting stubble-remaining height of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage alfalfa raw materials, and adjusting the traditional stubble-remaining height of 4-6cm and the stubble-remaining height of 8-10cm to 7-9 cm;
fourthly, regulating the tedding width of the low-moisture alfalfa ensilage raw material, wherein the tedding width accounts for 50-60% of the cutting width and the high width accounts for 70-80% of the cutting width, and the tedding width accounts for 70-75% of the cutting width;
and fifthly, adjusting the ground clearance of rake teeth of the rake according to the parameters of the flatness of the alfalfa land, the thickness of the swath and the height of the cut stubble, wherein the ground clearance is properly controlled to be 15-20 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010451583.5A CN111670692B (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Control method for exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010451583.5A CN111670692B (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Control method for exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111670692A CN111670692A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
| CN111670692B true CN111670692B (en) | 2022-05-10 |
Family
ID=72453645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010451583.5A Active CN111670692B (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Control method for exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111670692B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011325875A1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2013-05-02 | Arista Cereal Technologies Pty Ltd | High amylose wheat |
| CN104335759A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-11 | 甘肃农业大学 | Mountainous pasture preparer |
| CN104585494A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 内蒙古农业大学 | High-nutritive value alfalfa and preparation method thereof |
| CN104584772A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-06 | 吴爱国 | Self-propelled multifunctional straw harvesting grinder |
| CN108771015A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-09 | 安徽志德动物营养科技有限公司 | A kind of livestock feed dispensing and its manufacturing method |
| CN210299362U (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-04-14 | 安徽小老海实业有限公司 | Feed airing device for domestic fish breeding |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101091512A (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-26 | 王万丽 | Method for preparing micro preservation of corn stalk |
| NZ606047A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2015-03-27 | Xyleco Inc | Processing biomass |
| CN106688428B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2019-07-30 | 刘贵军 | A kind of folding rake |
-
2020
- 2020-05-25 CN CN202010451583.5A patent/CN111670692B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011325875A1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2013-05-02 | Arista Cereal Technologies Pty Ltd | High amylose wheat |
| CN104335759A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-11 | 甘肃农业大学 | Mountainous pasture preparer |
| CN104584772A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-06 | 吴爱国 | Self-propelled multifunctional straw harvesting grinder |
| CN104585494A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 内蒙古农业大学 | High-nutritive value alfalfa and preparation method thereof |
| CN108771015A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-09 | 安徽志德动物营养科技有限公司 | A kind of livestock feed dispensing and its manufacturing method |
| CN210299362U (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-04-14 | 安徽小老海实业有限公司 | Feed airing device for domestic fish breeding |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 收获技术对紫花苜蓿干草品质的影响;刘燕;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》;20150115(第1期);D047-241 * |
| 绿洲区滴灌苜蓿优质高效生产管理与科学施策;于磊等;《草食家畜（双月刊）》;20190131(第194期);34-43 * |
| 降低草原牧草高效宽幅搂草机搂草损耗的关键技术研究;李国巍;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》;20190115(第1期);D050-127 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111670692A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Wilkinson et al. | History of silage | |
| Snyman et al. | Effect of maturity stage and method of preservation on the yield and quality of forage sorghum | |
| CN108782999A (en) | A kind of mulberry leaf high protein ensilage and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111670692B (en) | Control method for exogenous coarse ash of low-moisture alfalfa silage raw material | |
| CN105028917A (en) | Long-term storable efficient forage sugarcane tip, preparation method and application thereof | |
| UA112519C2 (en) | APPLICATION OF MAIZE SILO WITH BROWN MIDDLE VEGETABLE FOR MEATS FOR MEASURING CORN | |
| Kumar | Year round green fodder production and conservation for sustainable dairy farming in India | |
| Castle et al. | Silage and milk production: A comparison between unwilted and wilted grass silages | |
| CN115669809A (en) | Corn silage additive | |
| KR20200046194A (en) | Fermented feed using broccoli by-products and processing method thereof | |
| Honig et al. | Comparison of conservation methods under controlled practical conditions | |
| Collins et al. | Wet fractionation of alfalfa: a direct forage-harvesting system | |
| Rammer et al. | Ensiling of manured crops—Does repeated spreading of slurry increase the hygienic risk? | |
| Pottier et al. | Harvest and preservation of forages | |
| CN111690556B (en) | Rapid enrichment agent for lactic acid bacteria on surface of alfalfa plant leaf and use method thereof | |
| Kumar et al. | ROLE OF SILAGE AND HAY IN DAIRY FARMING SYSTEM | |
| CN115137013A (en) | Method for mixing whole oat and alfalfa for ensiling in alpine regions | |
| CN113615768A (en) | Method for improving pennisetum hydridum silage quality by using garlic skins and application | |
| Mtengeti et al. | Effects of chopping, additive and silo type on the quality of elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) silage | |
| CN106720977A (en) | It is a kind of to herd the steer ration method raised and combine | |
| Bareeba | Forage conservation and utilization | |
| CN112741215A (en) | Alfalfa falling-proof wrapping ensiling processing technology | |
| CN111602738A (en) | High-moisture alfalfa silage composite additive and use method thereof | |
| Kumari | Silage: The Conserved Fodder | |
| Snyman et al. | Effect of maturity stage and method of preservation on the yield and quality of babala |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |