CN111664654A - Vacuum moisture absorption drying method and device - Google Patents
Vacuum moisture absorption drying method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111664654A CN111664654A CN202010407869.3A CN202010407869A CN111664654A CN 111664654 A CN111664654 A CN 111664654A CN 202010407869 A CN202010407869 A CN 202010407869A CN 111664654 A CN111664654 A CN 111664654A
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- moisture absorption
- vacuum
- drying
- dried
- moisture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
- F26B1/005—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids by means of disintegrating, e.g. crushing, shredding, milling the materials to be dried
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
- F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/041—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum for drying flowable materials, e.g. suspensions, bulk goods, in a continuous operation, e.g. with locks or other air tight arrangements for charging/discharging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/042—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum for drying articles or discrete batches of material in a continuous or semi-continuous operation, e.g. with locks or other air tight arrangements for charging/discharging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/16—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by contact with sorbent bodies, e.g. absorbent mould; by admixture with sorbent materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum moisture absorption drying method and a device, wherein the vacuum moisture absorption drying method comprises the following steps: s1, dehydrating the moisture absorption material in a solar irradiation heating drying mode or other energy thermal drying modes to obtain a dehydrated moisture absorption material; s2, pretreating the object to be dried, and contacting and mixing the pretreated object to be dried and the dehydrated moisture absorption material; and S3, putting the contact and mixed to-be-dried object and the moisture absorption material into a drying container for moisture absorption and drying in a vacuum state, and then separating the moisture absorption material after water absorption from the to-be-dried object after drying. The invention realizes the industrialization of vacuum moisture absorption and drying, and the flow of water vapor between a drying object and an object to be dried can be accelerated in a vacuum environment, so that the moisture absorption and drying speed can be greatly accelerated. Since the moisture-absorbing material is inexpensive, the moisture-absorbing material can be prepared for use in rainy weather.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drying, in particular to a vacuum moisture absorption drying method and device.
Background
The existing drying methods include hot air drying, dehumidification drying, microwave drying, solar drying, vacuum freeze drying and the like. Hot air drying and solar drying dry moisture inside an object to be dried by heating the object.
The drying method of the prior art has the following disadvantages:
1. in the aspect of food and medicinal material drying
In the conventional hot air drying, the drying temperature is higher, so that the vitamins and the flavor of the food are easy to lose at high temperature. And due to air circulation, part of vitamins and flavor of the food are easy to oxidize and disappear. The sulfur-containing additive is used, and the sulfur dioxide is easy to exceed the standard. In addition, the use of fuel such as coal can cause air pollution.
The electric energy is utilized by dehumidification drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying and vacuum freeze drying, and the production cost is high. And the investment cost of the equipment is high.
2. Drying of wood
The conventional hot air drying can bring air pollution.
The existing solar drying has low solar utilization rate.
The equipment investment cost of dehumidification drying and vacuum drying is high, the electric energy is used, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a vacuum moisture absorption drying method and a device, which are used for solving the problems of high cost, pollution and the like caused by various drying methods in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a vacuum moisture absorption drying method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the moisture absorption material in a solar irradiation heating drying mode or other energy thermal drying modes to obtain a dehydrated moisture absorption material;
s2, pretreating the object to be dried, and contacting and mixing the pretreated object to be dried and the dehydrated moisture absorption material;
and S3, putting the contact and mixed to-be-dried object and the moisture absorption material into a drying container, performing moisture absorption and drying in a vacuum state, and then separating the moisture absorption material after absorbing water from the to-be-dried object after drying.
Further, the moisture absorption material comprises one of alum, modified alum, molecular sieve, modified molecular sieve, wood material, modified wood material, silica gel, activated carbon, vegetation material and polymer moisture absorption material;
the dried material is food, medicinal material or wood, and the food includes vegetables, melons and fruits, grains, meat products, aquatic products, marine products, coarse cereals and tea leaves.
Further, the drying container includes one of a vacuum bag, a vacuum box, a vacuum canister, and a vacuum cylinder. The container material can be plastic, rubber, high molecular compound, metal material, etc.
Further, the preprocessing in the step S2 includes one of cutting, crushing, slicing and putting in order; the material to be dried after the pretreatment of the step S2 has a different particle size from the dehydrated moisture absorption material.
Further, the method of separating the moisture-absorbent material after absorbing water from the to-be-dried material after drying in step S3 includes a parabolic separation method or a sieving method, or the like.
Furthermore, the object to be dried is wood, the drying container comprises a top moisture absorption material inlet and a bottom moisture absorption material outlet, and the lower part of the drying container is provided with a bracket and fixing columns which are positioned above the bracket and distributed at intervals; step S3 includes: the wood is fixed between the fixed columns and above the bracket, the wood in the drying container is filled with moisture absorption materials, when the moisture content of the moisture absorption materials rises to a preset parameter, the bottom moisture absorption material outlet is opened or the moisture absorption materials with high moisture content are discharged in other modes, and the dehydrated moisture absorption materials are filled from the top moisture absorption material inlet or other modes.
The invention also provides a vacuum moisture absorption device, which comprises a drying container for containing the contact and mixed object to be dried and moisture absorption materials, a vacuum pump, a vacuum valve and a barometer, wherein the vacuum pump is communicated with the drying container in a fluid manner, and the vacuum valve and the barometer are arranged between the drying container and the vacuum pump.
Further, the drying container includes one of a vacuum bag, a vacuum box, a vacuum canister, and a vacuum cylinder.
Further, the drying container is a plurality of drying containers, the drying containers are connected in parallel, and the vacuum pump is connected with each drying container through a valve and a vacuum meter.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention can utilize solar energy to dry food, wood, medicinal materials and the like in a large scale, the vacuum moisture absorption drying is industrialized, the flow of water vapor between a dried object and an object to be dried can be accelerated in a vacuum environment, and the moisture absorption drying speed can be greatly accelerated. The moisture absorption material is cheap, so that the moisture absorption material can be used in rainy days, the drying container can be made of plastic and rubber, the cost is low, the multiple drying containers can use the same vacuum pump, and the equipment cost is greatly reduced. In addition, in rainy days or areas with insufficient solar energy, the moisture absorption material is dried by other heat, and then the object to be dried is dried by the moisture absorption material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-2 are schematic structural views of a vacuum moisture absorption device provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying container provided in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
In the figure:
1 drying container 2 vacuum pump 3 vacuum valve
4 barometer
11 drying container 12 bracket 13 fixing column
14 wood 15 moisture absorption material
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a vacuum moisture absorption drying method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the moisture absorption material in a solar irradiation heating drying mode or other energy thermal drying modes to obtain a dehydrated moisture absorption material;
s2, pretreating the object to be dried, and contacting and mixing the pretreated object to be dried and the dehydrated moisture absorption material;
and S3, putting the contact and mixed to-be-dried object and the moisture absorption material into a drying container, performing moisture absorption and drying in a vacuum state, and then separating the moisture absorption material after absorbing water from the to-be-dried object after drying.
In this embodiment, the moisture absorption material includes one of alum, modified alum (e.g., hot acid modification, hot base modification, baking modification, and sulfhydrylation modification), molecular sieve, modified molecular sieve (e.g., acid base modification, etc.), wooden material, modified wooden material (e.g., acid base modification, etc.), silica gel, activated carbon, vegetation material, and polymer moisture absorption material, preferably alum; the object to be dried is food (such as fruits and vegetables, grains), medicinal materials or wood, and the drying container comprises one of a vacuum bag, a vacuum box, a vacuum tank and a vacuum cylinder.
Taking alum as an example, the principle of the vacuum moisture absorption drying method of the invention is as follows:
alum KAl (SO) using hygroscopic material4)2·12H2O is dehydrated at 35 deg. or more, and the dehydrated alum has the characteristics of hygroscopicity, moisture absorption material and moisture in the air. Through tests, the granular alum under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 66% of relative humidity is placed in a test container with a glass cover plate for sunlight irradiation, and 19% of water can be removed. The alum has a molecular weight of 474.39, can be stored at room temperature and can be kept dry, and hardly decomposed in humid air to be dissolved and drained. The melting point of alum was 92.5 ℃. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, alum is weathered and loses water in the air. When the solar energy water loss rate is higher than 65 ℃, 9 molecular water is lost when the solar energy water loss rate is 60-65 ℃, and the theoretical water loss rate can reach 34.17% of crystal water if the solar energy water loss rate exceeds 65 ℃. If calculated according to the theoretical maximum value, the dried 3-water aluminum potassium sulfate can absorb water with the self-gravity of 52.47%, and the temperature in the moisture absorption and drying process is preferably controlled below 30 ℃.
According to the theory of water vapor flow and heat conduction in the moisture absorption and drying process, when the moisture absorption material and the object to be dried are put together, the moisture absorption material can absorb the water vapor in the environment and change the water into liquid; during liquefaction of the water vapour, heat is released and the temperature of the hygroscopic material rises. The liquid water of the object to be dried is taken away by the drying air and changed into gas; in the process of changing the moisture from liquid to gas, heat is absorbed and the temperature of the object to be dried is lowered. When the two materials are mixed together, heat can be transferred from the moisture absorption material with the temperature increased to the object to be dried with the temperature decreased, and a heat transfer process is formed. The drying rate depends on the balance of energy in the water vapor transfer process and energy in the heat transfer process.
In a vacuum environment, the molecular motion resistance can be greatly reduced in the flowing process of water vapor, so that the water vapor flowing can be greatly accelerated. At the same time, the heat transfer coefficient is lowered between and inside the drying material and the object to be dried due to the rarefied air. A temperature difference between the object to be dried and the hygroscopic material will be formed to become large, thereby creating a new re-balance of water vapor transfer capacity and heat transfer energy.
Therefore, under the vacuum environment, the heat conduction capability and the moisture absorption capability of the moisture absorption material are key factors for measuring the vacuum moisture absorption drying speed, and the setting of the vacuum degree is influenced.
The higher the moisture absorption capacity of the moisture absorbing material is used, the higher the economic benefit obtained.
In addition, the alum is nontoxic, is sold in food-grade alum in the market, and can be used for moisture absorption and drying.
The granular alum is not sticky to the dried substance and is easy to separate from the dried substance. Can be separated from the material to be dried by parabolic separation, screening or other methods.
The dried alum can be stored only by isolating moisture, is easy to store and can be conveniently stored by using a plastic bag.
Example 2
In the present invention, the drying object may be pretreated as required, for example, the pretreatment in step S2 includes one of cutting, crushing, slicing and arranging; the material to be dried after being pretreated in step S2 and the dehydrated moisture-absorbing material have different screening particle sizes (for example, they belong to different particle size ranges, micrometer levels and centimeter levels) to facilitate their subsequent separation, and the method for separating the moisture-absorbing material after absorbing water from the material to be dried in step S3 may include a parabolic separation method or a screening method, in which the parabolic separation method may throw out the material to be separated and separate the material by using different materials, such as different air buoyancy, and the screening method may separate the material through a screen.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention further provides a vacuum moisture absorption apparatus, which includes a drying container 1 for containing a drying object to be dried and a moisture absorption material, which are in contact and mixed, a vacuum pump 2, a vacuum valve 3, and an air pressure gauge 4, wherein the vacuum pump 2 is in fluid communication with the drying container 1, the vacuum valve 3 and the air pressure gauge 4 are disposed between the drying container 1 and the vacuum pump 2, and the drying container 1 includes one of a vacuum bag, a vacuum box, a vacuum tank, and a vacuum cylinder. A plurality of the drying containers 1 are connected in parallel, and the vacuum pump 2 is connected to each of the drying containers 1 through a valve 3 and a vacuum gauge 4. The embodiment can realize the industrialization of vacuum moisture absorption and drying, and the flow of water vapor between a drying object and an object to be dried can be accelerated in a vacuum environment, so that the moisture absorption and drying speed can be greatly accelerated. The moisture absorption material is cheap, so that the moisture absorption material can be used in rainy days, the drying container can be made of plastic and rubber, the cost is low, the multiple drying containers can use the same vacuum pump, and the equipment cost is greatly reduced.
Example 4
This example provides specific experimental data.
Under an environment of room temperature 25.4 ℃ and relative humidity 66%, alum particles were placed in a tray with a weight of 21.48g + 31.34g of alum, and an organic glass cover plate (transmittance 95%) was covered over the tray, and after 5 hours of irradiation with sunlight, the tray was 21.48+ 29.44 g of alum. About 19% of dehydration.
Tests prove that when the dried moisture absorption material and the object to be dried are put together, the moisture in the object to be dried can be absorbed by the moisture absorption material under the vacuum condition.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 3, the object to be dried is wood, the drying container 11 includes a top moisture absorption material inlet and a bottom moisture absorption material outlet, and the lower part of the drying container 11 is provided with a bracket 12 and fixing posts 13 which are arranged above the bracket 12 and are distributed at intervals; step S3 includes: the wood 14 is fixed between the fixed columns 13 and above the bracket 12, the moisture absorption material 15 is filled between the wood 14 in the drying container 11, when the moisture content of the moisture absorption material 15 is increased to a preset parameter, the moisture absorption material 15 with high moisture content is discharged by opening the bottom moisture absorption material outlet or by other means, and the dehydrated moisture absorption material 15 is filled from the top moisture absorption material inlet or by other means.
The embodiment can dry wood, and can improve the moisture absorption drying speed. As shown in fig. 3, the moisture-absorbing material 15 in the drying container 11 can not dry the wood 14 to the required degree at one time, and the wood 11 can be dried to meet the requirement by replacing the moisture-absorbing material 15 many times (after the moisture-absorbing material absorbs water to a certain degree, removing the moisture-absorbing material absorbed in the drying container by opening the bottom device or by using a suction pipe, and reloading the dehydrated moisture-absorbing material).
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A vacuum moisture absorption drying method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the moisture absorption material in a solar irradiation heating drying mode or other energy thermal drying modes to obtain a dehydrated moisture absorption material;
s2, pretreating the object to be dried, and contacting and mixing the pretreated object to be dried and the dehydrated moisture absorption material;
and S3, putting the contact and mixed to-be-dried object and the moisture absorption material into a drying container, performing moisture absorption and drying in a vacuum state, and then separating the moisture absorption material after absorbing water from the to-be-dried object after drying.
2. The vacuum moisture absorption drying method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture absorption material comprises one of alum, modified alum, molecular sieve, modified molecular sieve, wooden material, modified wooden material, silica gel, activated carbon, vegetation material and polymer moisture absorption material;
the dried material is food, medicinal material or wood, and the food includes vegetables, melons and fruits, grains, meat products, aquatic products, marine products, coarse cereals and tea leaves.
3. The vacuum moisture absorption drying method of claim 1, wherein the drying container comprises one of a vacuum bag, a vacuum box, a vacuum tank, and a vacuum cylinder.
4. The vacuum moisture absorption drying method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment in step S2 includes one of cutting, crushing, slicing and neatly arranging; the material to be dried after the pretreatment of the step S2 has a different particle size from the dehydrated moisture absorption material.
5. The vacuum moisture absorption drying method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of separating the moisture-absorbed material from the dried material to be dried in step S3 comprises a parabolic separation method or a sieving method.
6. The moisture-absorbing drying method according to claim 3, wherein the object to be dried is wood, the drying container (11) comprises a top moisture-absorbing material inlet and a bottom moisture-absorbing material outlet, and the lower part of the drying container (11) is provided with a bracket (12) and fixing columns (13) which are arranged above the bracket (12) and are distributed at intervals; step S3 includes: the wood (14) is fixed between the fixed columns (13) and above the bracket (12), the moisture absorption material (15) is filled between the wood (14) in the drying container (11), when the moisture content of the moisture absorption material (15) rises to a preset parameter, the bottom moisture absorption material outlet is opened or the high moisture content moisture absorption material (15) is discharged in other ways, and the dehydrated moisture absorption material (15) is filled from the top moisture absorption material inlet or other ways.
7. The vacuum moisture absorption device is characterized by comprising a drying container (1) for containing a contact-mixed object to be dried and a moisture absorption material, a vacuum pump (2), a vacuum valve (3) and an air pressure meter (4), wherein the vacuum pump (2) is communicated with the drying container (1) in a fluid mode, and the vacuum valve (3) and the air pressure meter (4) are arranged between the drying container (1) and the vacuum pump (2).
8. Vacuum hygroscopic device according to claim 7, characterized in that said drying container (1) comprises one of a vacuum bag, a vacuum box, a vacuum tank and a vacuum cylinder.
9. The vacuum moisture absorption apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the drying container (1) is plural, a plurality of drying containers (1) are connected in parallel, and the vacuum pump (2) is connected to each drying container (1) through a valve (3) and a vacuum gauge (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010407869.3A CN111664654A (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2020-05-14 | Vacuum moisture absorption drying method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010407869.3A CN111664654A (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2020-05-14 | Vacuum moisture absorption drying method and device |
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| CN111664654A true CN111664654A (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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| CN202010407869.3A Pending CN111664654A (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2020-05-14 | Vacuum moisture absorption drying method and device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113211968A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-06 | 广州锦创节能科技有限公司 | Drying system of ink printing machine |
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Application publication date: 20200915 |