CN111664209A - Vibration absorber, floating plate rail and vibration absorbing method - Google Patents
Vibration absorber, floating plate rail and vibration absorbing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111664209A CN111664209A CN202010671698.5A CN202010671698A CN111664209A CN 111664209 A CN111664209 A CN 111664209A CN 202010671698 A CN202010671698 A CN 202010671698A CN 111664209 A CN111664209 A CN 111664209A
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/1005—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect characterised by active control of the mass
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/108—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a vibration absorber, a floating slab track and a vibration reduction method, and relates to the field of mechanical vibration reduction. The vibration absorber comprises an elastic cushion and a first mass block fixed on the elastic cushion, wherein the elastic cushion is arranged on the surface of an object to be damped; the vibration absorber generates a resonance frequency close to that of the object to be damped through the elastic pad and the first mass block, so that vibration energy generated by the object to be damped is transferred to the vibration absorber. Compared with the prior art, the resonance frequency of the vibration absorber is close to the resonance frequency of the object to be damped, and the vibration energy of the object to be damped near the natural frequency is transferred to the vibration absorber through the vibration absorption effect of the vibration absorber, so that the vibration of the object to be damped is weakened.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of mechanical vibration reduction, in particular to a vibration absorber, a floating slab track and a vibration reduction method.
Background
At present, the common vibration damping method is to arrange a spring vibration isolator with natural frequency on the object to be damped, the spring vibration isolator and the object to be damped form a mass-spring system, the spring vibration isolator provides lower vertical stiffness, and the object to be damped provides larger mass. But the mass-spring system can isolate frequencies greater than
The vibration of the system with the multiple natural frequency can not effectively control the vibration of the object to be damped near the natural frequency.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a vibration absorber, a floating slab track and a vibration reduction method, which are used for effectively controlling the vibration of an object to be reduced near a natural frequency.
The embodiment of the application is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a vibration absorber, which includes an elastic pad and a first mass fixed to the elastic pad; the elastic pad is arranged on the surface of an object to be damped; the vibration absorber generates a resonance frequency close to that of the object to be damped through the elastic pad and the first mass block, so that vibration energy generated by the object to be damped is transferred to the vibration absorber.
In the embodiment of the application, the vibration absorber is arranged on the surface of the object to be damped, and the vibration absorber can generate the resonance frequency close to that of the object to be damped. Compared with the prior art, the mass can be provided through the first mass block, the vertical rigidity can be provided through the elastic cushion, the resonance frequency of the vibration absorber can be close to the resonance frequency of the object to be damped through adjusting the mass and the vertical rigidity, partial vibration energy generated by the object to be damped is transferred, and the resonance effect of the object to be damped is weakened. Through the vibration absorption effect of the vibration absorber, the vibration energy of the object to be damped near the natural frequency is transferred to the vibration absorber, and the vibration of the object to be damped is weakened.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first mass block is a concrete block, and the elastic pad is a rubber pad; the shape of the concrete block is matched with that of the rubber pad, and the thickness of the concrete block is larger than that of the rubber pad.
In the embodiment of the application, the concrete block and the rubber pad are adopted, so that the cost is lower, and the vibration absorber is simple in structure and easy to realize.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the vibration absorber further includes a plurality of energy harvesting devices disposed around the concrete block, and each energy harvesting device includes a piezoelectric element and a second mass block; one end of the piezoelectric element is fixed on the concrete block, and the second mass block is fixed on the other end, opposite to the one end, of the piezoelectric element; the energy acquisition device is used for converting vibration energy of the object to be damped transferred to the vibration absorber into electric energy.
In the embodiment of the application, the vibration absorber is further provided with an energy collecting device, and the vibration energy on the vibration absorber can be converted into electric energy through the energy collecting device, so that the energy conversion is realized.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the energy harvesting device further includes an elastic sheet, the elastic sheet is disposed and fixed below the piezoelectric element, one end of the elastic sheet is fixed on the concrete block, and the other end of the elastic sheet is fixed below the second mass block.
In the embodiment of the application, the elastic sheet, the piezoelectric element and the second mass block can form a cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibration energy collecting structure, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the energy collection device further includes an energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit includes a rectification circuit, an input end of the rectification circuit is connected to the piezoelectric element, an output end of the rectification circuit is connected to the energy storage element, and the energy storage circuit is configured to convert the alternating current generated by the energy collection device into direct current and store the direct current.
In the embodiment of the application, alternating current is generated by a piezoelectric element in the energy acquisition device, and is converted into direct current through an energy storage circuit, so that the energy is converted and utilized.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a floating plate rail, which includes a rail body; the floating plate is arranged below the track body; a vibration absorber as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, provided on the floating plate; the vibration absorber is used for absorbing part of vibration energy generated by the floating plate.
In the embodiment of the application, the floating plate track is provided with the vibration absorber, and the vibration energy of the floating plate track near the natural frequency is transferred to the vibration absorber through the vibration absorbing effect of the vibration absorber, so that the vibration of the floating plate track is weakened.
With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the floating slab track further includes a vibration isolator, and the vibration isolator is disposed below the floating slab.
In the embodiment of the application, besides the vibration absorption function of the vibration absorber, the vibration isolator is also arranged below the floating plate and can absorb part of the vibration energy of the floating plate so as to further weaken the vibration of the floating plate track.
With reference to the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, a plurality of the vibration absorbers are arranged on the floating plate at equal intervals in one direction.
In the embodiment of the application, a plurality of vibration absorbers are arranged on the floating plate at equal intervals to form a one-dimensional phonon crystal structure, the one-dimensional phonon crystal structure can inhibit the transmission of elastic waves in a band gap range, and the band gap frequency range can cover the resonance frequency of the floating plate in a low frequency range by adjusting the parameters of the vibration absorbers, so that the vibration of the track of the floating plate is inhibited.
With reference to the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the floating slab track further includes an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is connected to the energy collecting device of the vibration absorber, and the acceleration sensor is configured to monitor an acceleration vibration level of the floating slab track.
In the embodiment of the application, the energy acquisition device provides electric energy for the acceleration sensor, so that the acceleration sensor can detect the acceleration vibration level of the floating slab track in real time.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vibration damping method, including: the vibration absorber as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect is provided on a floating plate of the track.
In the embodiment of the application, the vibration absorber is arranged on the floating plate of the track, and the vibration energy of the track near the natural frequency is transferred to the vibration absorber through the vibration absorbing effect of the vibration absorber, so that the vibration of the track is weakened.
With reference to the third aspect, in a first embodiment of the third aspect, disposing a vibration absorber on the floating plate includes:
and a plurality of vibration absorbers are arranged on the floating plate at equal intervals along one direction.
In the embodiment of the application, a plurality of vibration absorbers are arranged on the floating plate at equal intervals along one direction to form a one-dimensional phonon crystal structure, the one-dimensional phonon crystal structure can inhibit the propagation of elastic waves in a band gap range, and the band gap frequency range can cover the resonance frequency of the floating plate in a low frequency range by adjusting the parameters of the vibration absorbers, so that the vibration of a track is inhibited.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a vibration absorber according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a vibration absorber according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are schematic diagrams of the piezoelectric effect provided by the embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a tank circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a floating plate track structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 100-a vibration absorber; 101-an elastic pad; 102-a first mass; 103-an energy harvesting device; 1031-piezoelectric element; 1032-a second mass; 200-floating deck track; 201-a track body; 202-floating plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration absorber 100 according to an embodiment of the present application, the vibration absorber 100 includes an elastic pad 101 and a first mass 102. Wherein, the elastic pad 101 is arranged on the surface of the object to be damped, and the first mass block 102 is fixed on the elastic pad 101.
In the vibration absorber 100, the elastic pad 101 provides a vertical stiffness k1The first mass 102 provides a mass m1Having a resonant frequency of
By adjusting the parameter k1And m1The resonance frequency of the vibration absorber 100 can be made to approach the resonance frequency of the object to be damped, and since the resonance frequencies of the vibration absorber 100 and the object to be damped are close, part of the vibration energy of the object to be damped can be transferred to the first mass block 102 of the vibration absorber 100, so as to weaken the vibration of the object to be damped. Wherein the vertical stiffness k of the elastic pad 1011That is, the elastic modulus of the elastic pad 101 represents the magnitude of the elastic force, k, generated by the elastic pad 101 in a unit amount of deformation1The larger the force required per unit length of deformation.
In the embodiment of the present application, the vibration absorber 100 is provided on the surface of the object to be damped, and the vibration absorber 100 is capable of generating the same resonance frequency as the object to be damped. Compared with the prior art, the resonance frequency of the vibration absorber 100 is close to the resonance frequency of the object to be damped, and the vibration energy of the object to be damped, which is added at the natural frequency, is transferred to the vibration absorber 100 through the vibration absorption effect of the vibration absorber 100, so that the vibration of the object to be damped is weakened.
In practical applications, since the resonant frequency of the object to be damped can be estimated in advance, the resonant frequency value of the object to be damped is estimated in advance when designing the vibration absorber 100, so that f1Is equal to the resonant frequency value, according to f1Find the parameter k1And m1And further, the vibration absorber 100 is set based on the obtained parameters. Of course, the mass of the first mass block 102 may be adjustable, and the vertical stiffness of the elastic pad 101 may be adjustable, so as to absorb the airAfter the vibration absorber 100 is installed on the surface of the object to be damped, k is determined according to the specific damping effect1And m1And adjusting to obtain a better vibration reduction effect.
In the embodiment of the present application, the number of vibration absorbers 100 to be provided on an object to be damped may be different depending on the object to be damped, and when a plurality of vibration absorbers 100 are provided, the manner of providing the plurality of vibration absorbers 100 may also be different. When the object to be damped is an object having a small area, such as a wheel, a stool, or the like, a single vibration absorber 100 may be provided. In the case where the area of the object to be damped is large, including a long length or a wide width, etc., such as a rail, a rail vehicle (train, high-speed rail), etc., a plurality of vibration absorbers 100 may be disposed on the surface of the object to be damped in one direction.
In a specific arrangement, a plurality of vibration absorbers 100 may be arranged at equal intervals on the surface of the object to be damped. When the plurality of vibration absorbers 100 are disposed at equal intervals on the surface of the object to be damped, the plurality of vibration absorbers 100 may constitute a one-dimensional phononic crystal (periodic) structure. The phononic crystal is a periodic composite material with elastic wave band gap and composed of two or more than two elastic media, and when the elastic wave is transmitted in the phononic crystal, a special frequency dispersion curve is formed under the action of an internal periodic structure. In the dispersion curve, a frequency region into which no dispersion curve enters is referred to as a band gap, a frequency region in which a dispersion curve exists is referred to as a pass band, propagation of elastic waves in the band gap range is suppressed, and elastic waves in the pass band range can propagate without loss. The plurality of vibration absorbers 100 are arranged at the same interval along the surface of the object to be damped, and the band gap frequency range can cover the resonance frequency of the object to be damped in the low frequency range by adjusting parameters, so that the vibration of the object to be damped is suppressed. Therefore, the device of the embodiment of the application has a particularly obvious effect on reducing vibration in a low frequency range when being applied to vibration reduction of objects such as rails, rail vehicles and the like.
In the embodiment of the present application, the multiple vibration absorbers 100 are disposed on the surface of the object to be damped at equal intervals to form a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure can suppress the propagation of the elastic wave within the band gap range, and the band gap frequency range can cover the resonance frequency of the object to be damped within the low frequency range by adjusting the parameters of the vibration absorbers 100, so as to suppress the vibration of the object to be damped.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first mass 102 may be a concrete block or other mass that has a relatively large mass and is relatively easy to fix, and the elastic pad 101 may be a rubber pad or a pad made of other elastic materials. In order to fix the concrete block on the rubber pad conveniently, the shape of the concrete block can be matched with that of the rubber pad, and if the concrete block is square, the concrete block is irregular, and the like. Because the concrete block can absorb a part of vibration energy, the concrete block has stronger vibration resistance, and the thickness of the concrete block can be larger than that of the rubber pad. For the mode that the concrete block is fixed on the rubber pad, the concrete block can be adhered on the rubber pad through viscous materials, or a part of the rubber pad can be arranged to be hollow, and the concrete block is directly embedded into the hollow part of the rubber pad, so that the concrete block can be fixed above the rubber pad. Of course, the concrete block may also be fixed above the rubber mat by some fixing means.
In the embodiment of the application, the concrete block and the rubber pad are adopted, so that the cost is lower, and the vibration absorber is simple in structure and easy to realize.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, assuming that the elastic pad 101 is a rubber pad and the first mass block 102 is a concrete block, in the embodiment of the present application, the vibration absorber 100 further includes a plurality of energy harvesting devices 103 disposed around the concrete block, and the energy harvesting devices 103 include piezoelectric elements 1031 and a second mass block 1032. The piezoelectric element 1031 is fixed to the concrete block at one end, and the second mass block 1032 is fixed to the other end of the piezoelectric element 1031 opposite to the one end. The energy harvesting device 103 is used to convert the vibration energy of the object to be damped transferred to the vibration absorber 100 into electrical energy.
Referring to fig. 4(a) and fig. 4(b), schematic diagrams of piezoelectric effect provided by the embodiments of the present application are shown, and a principle of energy conversion of the energy harvesting device is described through the schematic diagrams of piezoelectric effect. When a mechanical deformation is applied to the piezoelectric element under a certain temperature condition (below the curie point), the internal positive and negative charge centers are relatively moved to generate point polarization, so that bound charges with opposite signs appear on the two surfaces of the element, and the charge density is proportional to an external force, which is called a positive piezoelectric effect, as shown in fig. 4 (a). On the contrary, when a voltage is applied to the two surfaces of the piezoelectric element, the positive and negative charge centers inside the piezoelectric element are relatively displaced due to the action of the electric field, resulting in the deformation of the piezoelectric element, i.e., the inverse piezoelectric effect, as shown in fig. 4 (b).
In the embodiment of the present application, the piezoelectric element 1031 and the second mass block 1032 are equivalent to an cantilever beam type structure, the second mass block 1032 drives the cantilever beam type structure to vibrate under the action of inertia force, so that the piezoelectric element 1031 generates bending deformation and generates strain, the piezoelectric element 1031 generates opposite charges on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1031 due to the positive piezoelectric effect, and forms a potential difference, thereby converting the vibration energy of the concrete block into electric energy.
The piezoelectric element 1031 may be a piezoelectric sheet having various shapes, such as a wafer, a strip, a rod, or a cylinder. The second mass 1032 may be a mass with a smaller mass, and a suitable mass, such as a small iron block, a small earth block, etc., may be selected according to the shape of the piezoelectric element 1031. As for the way of fixing the second mass 1032 on the piezoelectric element 1031, it can be directly fixed by a fixing means, such as glue, etc., because the piezoelectric element 1031 and the second mass 1032 are both small, it can be fixed by a simple fixing way, and the fixing stability can also be maintained. The piezoelectric element 1031 may be fixed to the concrete block by providing a through hole in the concrete block for accommodating one end of the piezoelectric element 1031, and fixing one end of the piezoelectric element 1031 in the through hole.
The manner in which the energy harvesting device 103 is disposed around the concrete block may be set according to the shape of the concrete block. Such as: assuming that the concrete block is square, the energy collection devices 103 may be disposed on each of the peripheral surfaces of the concrete block, or may be disposed on only two opposite surfaces, and the energy collection devices 103 on each surface may be disposed at equal intervals. The number of energy harvesting devices 103 per facet can be determined based on the area of each facet, and if the area is large, the number can be larger; if the area is smaller, the number may be smaller. In addition, the energy harvesting devices 103 may be arranged correspondingly according to the shape of each surface, for example, a linear arrangement on the surface, or a matrix arrangement on the surface.
In the embodiment of the present application, the vibration absorber 100 is further provided with an energy harvesting device 103, and the energy harvesting device 103 can convert vibration energy on the vibration absorber into electric energy, so as to realize energy conversion.
In the embodiment of the present application, the energy harvesting device 103 may further include an elastic sheet fixed below the piezoelectric element 1031, one end of the elastic sheet is fixed on the concrete block, and the other end of the elastic sheet is fixed below the second mass block 1032. As for the fixing manner of one end of the elastic sheet, the same fixing manner as that of one end of the piezoelectric element 1031 may be adopted, and the fixing manner of the other end may be adopted in which the second mass 1032 is fixed on the other end of the piezoelectric element 1031.
In the embodiment of the present application, the elastic sheet, the piezoelectric element 1031 and the second mass block 1032 can constitute an cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibration energy collecting structure, so as to improve the energy conversion efficiency.
In this embodiment, the energy collection device 103 further includes an energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit includes a rectifying circuit and an energy storage element, an input end of the rectifying circuit is connected to the piezoelectric element 1031, an output end of the rectifying circuit is connected to the energy storage element, and the energy storage circuit is configured to convert the alternating current generated by the energy collection device 103 into a direct current and store the direct current.
Referring to fig. 5, a tank circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, and as shown in fig. 5, the tank circuit includes a rectifying circuit, an energy storage unit, a capacitor C and a resistor R. The ac power generated by the piezoelectric element 1031 is converted into dc power by a rectifier circuit, filtered by a filter circuit composed of a capacitor C and a resistor R, and stored in an energy storage unit. The rectification circuit can be a bridge rectification circuit, a half-wave rectification circuit, a full-wave rectification circuit and the like; the energy storage unit can be a super capacitor with an alternating voltage VAAfter rectification and filtering, the voltage is converted into direct current voltage VDThe super capacitor is charged, and the function of electric energy storage is achieved.
In the embodiment of the present application, the voltage-to-current element 1031 in the energy collection device 103 generates alternating current, and the alternating current is converted into direct current by the energy storage circuit, so as to realize utilization of the converted energy.
Referring next to fig. 6, a floating slab track 200 according to an embodiment of the present application is provided, where the floating slab track 200 includes a track body 201, a floating slab 202, and a plurality of vibration absorbers 100. The plurality of vibration absorbers 100 are disposed on the floating plate 202, the floating plate 202 is disposed below the rail body 201, and the plurality of vibration absorbers 100 are used to absorb a part of vibration energy generated by the floating plate 202.
In the embodiment of the present application, the floating slab track 200 is provided with the vibration absorbers 100, and the vibration energy of the floating slab track 200 near the natural frequency is transferred to the vibration absorbers by the vibration absorbing action of the vibration absorbers 100 to reduce the vibration of the floating slab track 200, and the natural frequency is a low frequency for the floating slab track 200 because the resonance action of the floating slab track 200 in the low frequency range is strong.
Wherein a plurality of vibration absorbers may be disposed on the floating plate 202 at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the floating plate 202. In the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of vibration absorbers 100 are disposed on the floating plate 202 at equal intervals to form a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure can suppress the propagation of elastic waves within a band gap range, and the parameters of the vibration absorbers 100 are adjusted to enable the band gap frequency range to cover the resonant frequency of the floating plate 202 within a low frequency range, thereby suppressing the vibration of the floating plate track 200.
In addition, the floating plate track 200 may also include vibration isolators disposed below the floating plate 202. The vibration isolator is disposed below the floating plate 202, and can also absorb a part of the vibration energy of the floating plate 202, thereby further reducing the vibration of the floating plate track 200.
The electric energy converted by the vibration absorber 100 can be utilized, and therefore, the floating plate track 200 further comprises an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is connected with the energy collecting device 103 of the vibration absorber 100, and the acceleration sensor is used for monitoring the magnitude of the acceleration vibration level of the floating plate track 200. The electric energy collected by the energy collection device 103 supplies power to the acceleration sensor, so that the acceleration sensor can detect the acceleration vibration level of the floating slab track 200 in real time.
In the embodiment of the present application, the energy collection device 103 provides electric energy for the acceleration sensor, so that the acceleration sensor can detect the magnitude of the acceleration vibration level of the floating slab track 200 in real time.
In the embodiment of the application, the floating slab track bed vibration absorber with the piezoelectric energy harvesting function is combined with the band gap characteristic of the photonic crystal and the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, can simultaneously realize low-frequency vibration reduction, energy collection and real-time wireless monitoring, and is a green and intelligent measure for vibration reduction and noise reduction of urban rail transit. The low-frequency band gap can be provided by the structural design of the phonon crystal of the floating slab track bed vibration absorber; through the design of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer and the standard energy storage circuit, vibration energy collection can be realized, and finally, direct current voltage collected through the super capacitor supplies power for the wireless acceleration sensor, and the vibration reduction effect of the novel floating plate track is evaluated in a feedback mode.
The embodiment of the application also provides a vibration reduction method, which comprises the following steps: the vibration absorber 100 is disposed on the floating plate 202 of the floating plate track 200.
As an alternative embodiment, when setting, a plurality of vibration absorbers 100 may be set on the floating plate 202 at equal intervals in one direction. Wherein the one direction may be a longitudinal direction of the floating deck track 200, i.e. a direction of advancement of the railcar on the floating deck track 200.
For various embodiments related to the vibration damping method, such as implementation principles, different arrangement modes, and the like, the description has been made in the foregoing embodiments, and for the sake of simplicity of the description, the description is not repeated here.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The vibration absorber is characterized by comprising an elastic pad and a first mass block fixed on the elastic pad, wherein the elastic pad is arranged on the surface of an object to be damped; the vibration absorber generates a resonance frequency close to that of the object to be damped through the elastic pad and the first mass block, so that vibration energy generated by the object to be damped is transferred to the vibration absorber.
2. The vibration absorber of claim 1 wherein said first mass is a concrete mass and said elastomeric pad is a rubber pad; the shape of the concrete block is matched with that of the rubber pad, and the thickness of the concrete block is larger than that of the rubber pad.
3. The vibration absorber of claim 2 further comprising a plurality of energy harvesting devices disposed about said concrete mass, each of said energy harvesting devices comprising a piezoelectric element, a second mass; one end of the piezoelectric element is fixed on the concrete block, and the second mass block is fixed on the other end, opposite to the one end, of the piezoelectric element; the energy acquisition device is used for converting vibration energy of the object to be damped transferred to the vibration absorber into electric energy.
4. The vibration absorber of claim 3 wherein said energy harvesting device further comprises a spring, said spring being secured below said piezoelectric element, one end of said spring being secured to said concrete mass and the other end of said spring being secured below said second mass.
5. The vibration absorber of claim 3 wherein the energy harvesting device further comprises a tank circuit, the tank circuit comprising a rectifier circuit and a tank element, the rectifier circuit input connected to the piezoelectric element and the rectifier circuit output connected to the tank element, the tank circuit configured to convert the alternating current generated by the energy harvesting device into direct current and store the direct current.
6. A floating plate track, comprising:
a track body; the floating plate is arranged below the track body;
the vibration absorber of any one of claims 1-5 disposed on the floating plate;
the vibration absorber is used for absorbing part of vibration energy generated by the floating plate.
7. The floating slab track of claim 6, further comprising vibration isolators disposed below the floating slab.
8. The floating plate track of claim 6 wherein a plurality of said shock absorbers are equally spaced in one direction on said floating plate.
9. The floating slab track of claim 6, further comprising an acceleration sensor coupled to the energy harvesting device of the vibration absorber, the acceleration sensor configured to monitor an acceleration level of the floating slab track.
10. A method of damping vibration, comprising:
the vibration absorber according to any of claims 1-5 is arranged on a floating plate of the track.
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