CN111664025B - Pintle injector with adjustable flow and easy installation - Google Patents
Pintle injector with adjustable flow and easy installation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111664025B CN111664025B CN202010534009.6A CN202010534009A CN111664025B CN 111664025 B CN111664025 B CN 111664025B CN 202010534009 A CN202010534009 A CN 202010534009A CN 111664025 B CN111664025 B CN 111664025B
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- runner
- flow channel
- central rod
- jacket
- clamping plate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
- F02K9/52—Injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
- F02K9/56—Control
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pintle injector which can adjust the flow and is easy to install, comprising a central rod, a rotary jacket, a rotary driving mechanism and a clamping plate; the center of the central rod is provided with an inner flow channel, and the bottom of the central rod is provided with a plurality of inner flow channel communication holes; the rotating jacket is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the central rod and can rotate, and comprises an outer sleeve shell, an inner sleeve shell, an annular top cover and an outer flow passage; the bottom of the inner sleeve shell is provided with an inner runner spray hole; a plurality of outer runner spray holes are formed in the annular top cover; the clamping plate is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of a center rod positioned at the top of the clamping sleeve, the center of the clamping plate is provided with a liquid collecting cavity, and the bottom of the liquid collecting cavity is provided with an outer flow channel communicating hole; when the rotary jacket rotates, the outer runner nozzle hole can be plugged or communicated with the outer runner communicating hole, and the inner runner nozzle hole can be plugged or communicated with the inner runner communicating hole. The invention has simple structure and easy installation, and can realize the cooperative regulation of the flow of the two propellants and the synchronous regulation of the two propellants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a space propelling technology, in particular to a pintle injector which can adjust the flow and is easy to install.
Background
Pintle injectors have unique geometric and injection characteristics compared to typical impingement or coaxial nozzles used on two-component liquid rocket engines. The pin injector can generate high combustion efficiency and has the following advantages: strong regulating capability, surface shutdown characteristic, low cost, high reliability, safe operation and the like. For pintle engines, the Total Momentum Ratio (TMR) is the most important design parameter, defined as the ratio of the radial momentum to the axial momentum.
In the prior art, the main problem of the pintle injector is that the flow regulation mode is relatively complex, and in the traditional pintle injector, the flow of two propellants is controlled independently, and the synchronous regulation cannot be achieved in the control of The Momentum Ratio (TMR) so as to obtain the expected momentum ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a pintle injector which is adjustable in flow and easy to install, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the pintle injector which is adjustable in flow and easy to install is simple in structure and easy to install, and the cooperative adjustment of the flow of two propellants can be realized, so that the synchronous adjustment of the two propellants is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a pintle injector with adjustable flow rate and easy installation comprises a central rod, a rotary jacket, a rotary driving mechanism and a clamping plate.
The center rod is a revolving body, the center of the center rod is provided with an inner flow channel, and the bottom of the center rod is uniformly provided with a plurality of inner flow channel communication holes along the circumferential direction.
The rotating jacket is a revolving body, coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the central rod and capable of rotating along the axis of the rotating jacket under the action of the rotating driving mechanism. The rotary jacket comprises an outer sleeve shell, an inner sleeve shell and an annular top cover. The top parts of the outer sleeve shell and the inner sleeve shell are flush and are connected in a sealing way through an annular top cover. The outer sleeve shell, the inner sleeve shell and the annular top cover are enclosed to form an outer flow channel with an opening at the bottom end. The bottom of the inner casing shell is provided with inner runner spray holes with the same number as the inner runner communication holes along the circumferential direction. The annular top cover is evenly provided with a plurality of outer runner spray holes along the circumferential direction.
The clamp plate is a revolving body and coaxially sleeved on the periphery of a central rod positioned at the top of the clamping sleeve, a liquid collecting cavity is arranged in the center of the clamp plate, and outer runner communicating holes with the number equal to that of the outer runner spray holes are uniformly distributed in the bottom of the liquid collecting cavity positioned on the periphery of the central rod along the circumferential direction.
When the rotary jacket rotates, the outer runner nozzle hole can be plugged or communicated with the outer runner communicating hole, and the inner runner nozzle hole can be plugged or communicated with the inner runner communicating hole.
The rotary driving mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a gear and a housing. The stepping motor is arranged on the lower end face of the clamping plate, the gear is sleeved on a motor shaft of the stepping motor, and the top of the outer sleeve is provided with outer teeth which can be meshed with the gear. The housing is a revolving body and is arranged at the bottom of the clamping plate, the center of the housing is sleeved on the periphery of the rotary jacket, and the stepping motor and the gear are covered inside the housing.
The outer tooth of cover shell bottom rotation clamp cover supports, realizes the axial positioning of rotation clamp cover.
The base is sleeved on the periphery of the center rod positioned at the top of the clamping plate, and an outer flow channel liquid injection hole is formed in the base and used for injecting propellant into the liquid collection cavity.
The shoulder is arranged at the top of the center rod and is erected at the top of the base for axially positioning the center rod.
Each outer flow passage communicating hole is a rectangular hole.
The propellant flowing in the inner flow passage is liquid oxygen or methane, and the propellant flowing in the outer flow passage is methane or liquid oxygen.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pintle injector is suitable for liquid oxygen and methane liquid rocket engines; by changing the effective areas of the spray holes of the outer flow channel and the spray holes of the inner flow channel and the ratio of the spraying time and the stopping time of the propellant, the flow of the two propellants is changed simultaneously, the accurate momentum ratio (TMR) can be obtained, and the working range of the engine is improved. The reusable spacecraft is always the key point of development, the problem of coking always exists when kerosene is used as a propellant coolant, and the problem of coking can be solved when methane is used as a propellant; after the pintle injector is adopted, the maximum thrust can be 7500N, and the thrust transformation ratio (the ratio of the maximum thrust to the minimum thrust) can reach 5: 1.
2. the invention adds the rotary driving mechanism and the rotary jacket, so that the effective flow area of the inner runner is changed, the thrust is continuously adjustable, and the working range of the liquid rocket engine is improved. The existing pintle injector is mainly applied to an active segment of manned space flight, can carry out variable thrust flight, realizes strict control of overload of astronauts, and ensures flight safety of the astronauts. The inner flow channel propellant A is usually fuel, and plays a role in cooling the inner wall of the combustion chamber, so that the flow rate is constant. The flow of the oxidant of the outer flow channel propellant B is only required to be changed, and the combustion is controlled, so that the thrust is changed. For a lunar engine, if only the flow change of an outer flow passage is adopted, the maximum thrust range which can be realized is only 6000N, and the thrust transformation ratio which can be realized is only 4: 1, if a flow increasing mode is adopted, the atomization effect is poor, the combustion efficiency is low, the phenomenon of unstable combustion occasionally occurs, and the requirement of thrust cannot be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the construction of a center pole according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of the rotary jacket.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional structure of the rotary jacket.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the structure of the stepping motor and the gear.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of the housing.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of the construction of the splint.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural view of the base.
Among them are:
10. a center pole; 11. a shoulder; 12. an inner flow passage; 13. an inner flow passage communication hole;
20. rotating the jacket; 21. an outer casing; 211. an outer tooth; 22. an inner housing shell; 221. spraying holes on the inner flow channel; 23. an annular top cover; 231. spraying holes on the outer flow channels; 24. an outer flow passage;
30. a rotation driving mechanism; 31. a stepping motor; 32. a gear; 33. a housing; 331. perforating the jacket;
40. a splint; 41. a liquid collection cavity; 42. a central rod via hole; 43. an outer flow passage communication hole;
50. a base; 51. an outer flow channel liquid injection hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
The pintle injector is mainly used for a liquid rocket engine with adjustable thrust of liquid oxygen and methane propellant combination, and the flow rates of the liquid oxygen and the methane of the two propellants can be synchronously adjusted.
As shown in FIG. 1, a pintle injector with adjustable flow rate and easy installation includes a central rod 10, a rotating collet 20, a rotating drive mechanism 30, a clamping plate 40, and a base 50.
The center rod 10, the rotating jacket 20, the clamp plate 40, and the base 50 are preferably a rotating body.
As shown in fig. 2, the top outer edge of the central stem is preferably provided with a shoulder 11.
The center of the center rod has an inner flow channel 12 in which a propellant, preferably liquid oxygen or methane, is located.
The bottom of the central rod is uniformly provided with a plurality of inner runner communicating holes 13 along the circumferential direction, and each inner runner communicating hole 13 is communicated with an inner runner.
The rotating jacket is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the center rod, and as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rotating jacket comprises an outer casing 21, an inner casing 22 and an annular top cover 23.
The top of the outer and inner sleeves are flush and are sealingly connected by an annular top cover 23. The outer casing, the inner casing and the annular top cover enclose an outer flow channel 24 with an opening at the bottom end, and the propellant flowing in the outer flow channel is methane or liquid oxygen.
Further, the outer wall surface of the top of the outer housing is preferably provided with a ring of outer teeth 211.
The annular top cover is evenly provided with a plurality of outer runner spray holes 231 along the circumferential direction, and each outer runner spray hole is communicated with an outer runner.
The inner runner spray holes 221 with the same number as the inner runner communication holes are arranged at the bottom of the inner casing along the circumferential direction, and the inner runner spray holes 221 are equal in height to the inner runner communication holes in position and are in one-to-one correspondence.
The rotary jacket can rotate along the axis of the rotary jacket under the action of the rotary driving mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, the rotary drive mechanism preferably includes a stepping motor 31, a gear 32 and a housing 33. The stepping motor is arranged on the lower end face of the clamping plate, and the gear is sleeved on a motor shaft of the stepping motor and meshed with the outer teeth on the outer sleeve shell.
The cover casing is preferably arranged at the bottom of the clamping plate, the center of the cover casing is provided with a jacket through hole 331 which is used for sleeving the periphery of the rotary jacket, and the stepping motor and the gear casing are arranged inside the cover casing. The housing is preferably made of a high-temperature-resistant material, so that the axial support and positioning can be provided for the rotary jacket, and meanwhile, heat protection can be provided for the stepping motor and the gear.
Further, the diameter of the jacket through hole 331 is larger than the outer diameter of the outer jacket shell but smaller than the outer diameter of the outer teeth, so that the bottom of the outer jacket shell supports the bottom end of the outer teeth of the rotating jacket, and the rotating jacket is axially positioned.
The clamp plate center is preferably provided with a center rod through hole 42 for coaxial sleeving around the center rod at the top of the jacket. As shown in fig. 7, the clamping plate has a plenum 41 in the center to provide a pressure stable propellant for the outer flow channels.
The bottom of the liquid collecting cavity positioned at the periphery of the central rod is uniformly provided with outer runner communicating holes 43 with the same number as the outer runner spray holes along the circumferential direction.
Further, each of the outer flow passage communication holes is preferably a rectangular hole. Aiming at the round holes with the same diameter, the equivalent area of the rectangle is larger than that of the circle, so that when the rectangle is adopted, the number of the holes can be reduced, the connection area is increased, and the stability of the structure is enhanced.
The base is sleeved on the periphery of the central rod positioned at the top of the clamping plate, and as shown in fig. 8, an outer flow channel liquid injection hole 51 is formed in the base and used for injecting propellant into the liquid collection cavity.
The shoulder on the center rod is arranged at the top of the base in a lapping mode and used for axially positioning the center rod.
When the rotary jacket rotates, the outer runner nozzle hole plugs the outer runner communicating hole, and the inner runner nozzle hole also plugs the inner runner communicating hole. When the rotary jacket continues to rotate and the outer runner spray holes are partially communicated with the outer runner communication holes, the inner runner spray holes are partially communicated with the inner runner communication holes; with the continuous rotation of the rotary jacket, the propellant in the outer flow channel and the propellant in the inner flow channel are synchronously and continuously adjusted.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A pintle injector that is flow adjustable and easy to install, comprising: comprises a central rod, a rotary jacket, a rotary driving mechanism and a clamping plate;
the central rod is a revolving body, the center of the central rod is provided with an inner flow channel, and the bottom of the central rod is uniformly provided with a plurality of inner flow channel communication holes along the circumferential direction;
the rotating jacket is a revolving body, coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the central rod and capable of rotating along the axis of the rotating jacket under the action of the rotating driving mechanism; the rotary jacket comprises an outer sleeve shell, an inner sleeve shell and an annular top cover; the top parts of the outer sleeve shell and the inner sleeve shell are flush and are in sealing connection through an annular top cover; the outer sleeve shell, the inner sleeve shell and the annular top cover are enclosed to form an outer flow channel with an opening at the bottom end; the bottom of the inner casing shell is circumferentially provided with inner runner spray holes with the number equal to that of the inner runner communication holes; a plurality of outer runner spray holes are uniformly distributed on the annular top cover along the circumferential direction;
the clamping plate is a revolving body and coaxially sleeved on the periphery of a central rod positioned at the top of the clamping sleeve, a liquid collecting cavity is arranged in the center of the clamping plate, and outer runner communicating holes with the number equal to that of the outer runner spray holes are uniformly distributed in the bottom of the liquid collecting cavity positioned on the periphery of the central rod along the circumferential direction;
when the rotary jacket rotates, the outer runner nozzle hole can be plugged or communicated with the outer runner communicating hole, and the inner runner nozzle hole can be plugged or communicated with the inner runner communicating hole.
2. A flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rotary driving mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a gear and a housing; the stepping motor is arranged on the lower end face of the clamping plate, the gear is sleeved on a motor shaft of the stepping motor, and the top of the outer sleeve is provided with outer teeth which can be meshed with the gear; the housing is a revolving body and is arranged at the bottom of the clamping plate, the center of the housing is sleeved on the periphery of the rotary jacket, and the stepping motor and the gear are covered inside the housing.
3. A flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector as defined in claim 2, wherein: the outer tooth of cover shell bottom rotation clamp cover supports, realizes the axial positioning of rotation clamp cover.
4. A flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the base is sleeved on the periphery of the center rod positioned at the top of the clamping plate, and an outer flow channel liquid injection hole is formed in the base and used for injecting propellant into the liquid collection cavity.
5. A flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the shoulder is arranged at the top of the center rod and is erected at the top of the base for axially positioning the center rod.
6. A flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector as defined in claim 1, wherein: each outer flow passage communicating hole is a rectangular hole.
7. A flow adjustable and easily mountable pintle injector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the propellant flowing in the inner flow channel is liquid oxygen, the propellant flowing in the outer flow channel is methane, or the propellant flowing in the inner flow channel is methane, and the propellant flowing in the outer flow channel is liquid oxygen.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010534009.6A CN111664025B (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2020-06-12 | Pintle injector with adjustable flow and easy installation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010534009.6A CN111664025B (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2020-06-12 | Pintle injector with adjustable flow and easy installation |
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| CN111664025A CN111664025A (en) | 2020-09-15 |
| CN111664025B true CN111664025B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112267957B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-09-07 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Pintle type injector capable of realizing accurate adjustment |
| CN112253332B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-06 | 西安空天引擎科技有限公司 | Single variable-push large-ratio pintle type injector |
| CN113756988B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Variable-flow liquid fuel pintle injector with adjustable spray pattern |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4222498B2 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2009-02-12 | ケミカルグラウト株式会社 | Monitor and method for switching the flow path thereof |
| CN104018955A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 中国航天科技集团公司第六研究院第十一研究所 | Large-scale thrust control injector |
| CN104196651B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-09-07 | 中国航天科技集团公司第六研究院第十一研究所 | A kind of adjustable coaxial double fluting hydrant ejector fillers |
| CN204437297U (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-07-01 | 宣达实业集团有限公司 | High-pressure self-balance piston type regulates throttling stop valve |
| CN110259604B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-09-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Pintle injector |
| CN110714856B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-08-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | Injector, rocket engine and rocket |
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